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Guillaume Ferrus
Guillaume-Marie-André Ferrus (2 September 1784 – 23 March 1861) was a French psychiatrist born in Château-Queyras, near Briançon, Hautes-Alpes. He was a student of Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), and for much of his career was associated with the Bicêtre Hospital in a suburb of Paris. He was one of the founders of Société Médico-Psychologique, and was its first president (1852–53). In 1835 he was appointed inspector-general of mental institutions. With Pinel and Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), Ferrus was a major force regarding reform of insane asylums in early and mid-19th century France. He founded ''La Ferme Sainte-Anne'', which was an innovative agricultural project designed as work therapy for mental patients. Ferrus believed that the vast majority of mental illnesses were due to a physical disorder, even if the problem was not anatomically apparent. This viewpoint led to bitter disputes with physicians such as François Leuret François Leuret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Ferrus
Guillaume-Marie-André Ferrus (2 September 1784 – 23 March 1861) was a French psychiatrist born in Château-Queyras, near Briançon, Hautes-Alpes. He was a student of Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), and for much of his career was associated with the Bicêtre Hospital in a suburb of Paris. He was one of the founders of Société Médico-Psychologique, and was its first president (1852–53). In 1835 he was appointed inspector-general of mental institutions. With Pinel and Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), Ferrus was a major force regarding reform of insane asylums in early and mid-19th century France. He founded ''La Ferme Sainte-Anne'', which was an innovative agricultural project designed as work therapy for mental patients. Ferrus believed that the vast majority of mental illnesses were due to a physical disorder, even if the problem was not anatomically apparent. This viewpoint led to bitter disputes with physicians such as François Leuret François Leuret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly mental issues. Sometimes a psychiatrist works within a multi-disciplinary team, which may comprise Clinical psychology, clinical psychologists, Social work, social workers, Occupational therapist, occupational therapists, and Nursing, nursing staff. Psychiatrists have broad training in a Biopsychosocial model, biopsychosocial approach to the assessment and management of mental illness. As part of the clinical assessment process, psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination; a physical examination; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography scan; and blood testing. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Briançon
Briançon (, ) is the sole Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an altitude of , based on the national definition as a community containing more than 2,000 inhabitants. Its most recent population estimate is 11,084 (as of 2018) for the Communes of France, commune. Briançon has been part of the Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites since they were established in 2008. History Briançon was the ''Brigantium'' of the Romans and formed part of the kingdom of Cottius, King Cottius. Brigantium was marked as the first place in Gaul, Gallia after Alpis Cottia (Mont Genèvre). At Brigantium the road branched, to the west through Grenoble to ''Vienna'' (modern Vienne), on the Rhone; to the south through ''Ebrodunum'' (modern Embrun, Hautes-Alpe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hautes-Alpes
Hautes-Alpes (; oc, Auts Aups; en, Upper Alps) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is located in the heart of the French Alps, after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 141,220 as of 2019,Populations légales 2019: 05 Hautes-Alpes INSEE which makes it the third least populated French department. Its prefecture is Gap; its sole is |
Philippe Pinel
Philippe Pinel (; 20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist. He was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy. He worked for the abolition of the shackling of mental patients by chains and, more generally, for the humanisation of their treatment. He also made notable contributions to the classification of mental disorders and has been described by some as "the father of modern psychiatry". After the French Revolution, Dr. Pinel changed the way we look at the crazy (or "aliénés", "alienated" in English) by claiming that they can be understood and cured. An 1809 description of a case that Pinel recorded in the second edition of his textbook on insanity is regarded by some as the earliest evidence for the existence of the form of mental disorder later known as dementia praecox or schizophreni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicêtre Hospital
The Bicêtre Hospital is located in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It lies 4.5 km (2.8 miles) from the center of Paris. The Bicêtre Hospital was originally planned as a military hospital, with construction begun in 1634. With the help of Vincent de Paul, it was finally opened as an orphanage in 1642. It was incorporated into the ''Hôpital Général de Paris'' in 1656. In 1823, it was called the ''Hospice de la Vieillesse Hommes''. In 1885, it was renamed the ''Hospice de Bicêtre''. History In its history it has been used successively and simultaneously as an orphanage, a prison, a lunatic asylum, and a hospital. Its most notorious guest was the Marquis de Sade. In 1781 the prison was referred to as “much more terrible than the Bastille”. The ''Bicêtre'' is most famous as the ''Asylum de Bicêtre'' where Superintendent Philippe Pinel is credited as being the first to introduce humane methods into the treatment of the mentally il ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (3 February 1772 – 12 December 1840) was a French psychiatrist. Early life and education Born and raised in Toulouse, Esquirol completed his education at Montpellier. He came to Paris in 1799 where he worked at the Salpêtrière Hospital and became a favorite student of Philippe Pinel. To enable Esquirol to take up the intensive study of insanity in an appropriate setting, Pinel reportedly put up the security for the house and garden on Rue de Buffon where Esquirol established a '' maison de santé'' or private asylum in 1801 or 1802. Esquirol's ''maison'' was quite successful, being ranked, in 1810, as one of the three best such institutions in Paris. In 1805 he published his thesis ''The passions considered as causes, symptoms and means of cure in cases of insanity''. Esquirol, like Pinel, believed that the origin of mental illness could be found in the passions of the soul and was convinced that madness does not fully and irremediably aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physical Disorder
Physical disorder (as a medical term) is a poorly defined term typically used in contrast to a mental disorder or a genetic disorder. The term mental disorder is heavily used in psychiatric medicine, and is defined in some psychiatric medicine texts, most notably the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). However, the more generic term of medical disorder is poorly defined, and is not mentioned in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, nor many common medical textbooks. Attempts have been made to adopt a more universal definition, but there is no widely agreed upon definition. A physical disorder is not easily defined as the term "disorder" itself has not yet been defined by any authoritative medical body. The term "disorder" bears no special clinical relevance and could be used interchangeably with disease. The use of the term disorder likely rests on historical precedent as well as the preference of the field. For example, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function (biology), function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic research, basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic scale, macroscopic and microscopic scale, microscopic. Gross anatomy, Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Leuret
François Leuret (29 December 1797 – 5 January 1851) was a French anatomist and psychiatrist who was a native of Nancy. He studied medicine under Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), and was later chief physician at the Bicêtre in Paris. Two of his better known students were Paul Broca (1824–1880) and Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815–1865). Leuret was also chief-editor of ''Annales d’hygiène publique et de médecine légale'', an influential journal of hygiene and forensic medicine. Leuret is remembered for his work in comparative anatomy of the brain with Louis Gratiolet. The two men did extensive topographic mapping of the folds and fissures of the cerebral cortex. Leuret coined the name "fissure of Rolando" after Italian anatomist Luigi Rolando (1773–1831) for what is now known as the central sulcus of the brain. Leuret was an important figure in the early days of French psychiatry. He stressed the importance of using a rational and humane approach in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste-Maximien Parchappe De Vinay
Jean-Baptiste-Maximien Parchappe de Vinay (21 October 1800 – 12 March 1866) was a French psychiatrist who was a native of Épernay, Marne. Parchappe de Vinay studied in medicine in Rouen and Paris, earning his medical doctorate in 1827. From 1835 to 1848 he practiced psychiatry at the Maison de Saint-Yon in Rouen. In 1848, he was appointed inspector-general of French mental asylums and sanitation services of prisons. With Guillaume Ferrus (1784–1861) and Jacques-Étienne Belhomme (1800–1880), he was a prominent figure in 19th-century French psychiatry in regards to physicians who believed that the cause of most mental illnesses could be localized anatomically. He performed extensive research involving general paralysis of the insane General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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