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Guaicuruan
Guaicuruan (Guaykuruan, Waikurúan, Guaycuruano, Guaikurú, Guaicuru, Guaycuruana) is a language family spoken in northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul). The speakers of the languages are often collectively called the Guaycuru peoples. For the most part, the Guaycuruans lived in the Gran Chaco and were nomadic and warlike, until finally subdued by the various countries of the region in the 19th century. Genetic relations Jorge A. Suárez includes Guaicuruan with Charruan in a hypothetical ''Waikuru-Charrúa'' stock. Morris Swadesh includes Guaicuruan along with Matacoan, Charruan, and Mascoian within his '' Macro-Mapuche'' stock. Both proposals appear to be obsolete. Family division There is a clear binary split between Northern Guaicuruan (Kadiwéu) and Southern Guaicuruan according to Nikulin (2019).Nikulin, Andrey V. 2019. The classification of the languages of the South American Lowlands: State-of-the-art and challenges / Классифи ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mataco–Guaicuru Languages
Mataguayo–Guaicuru, Mataco–Guaicuru or Macro-Waikurúan is a proposed language family consisting of the Mataguayan and Guaicuruan languages. Pedro Viegas Barros claims to have demonstrated it. These languages are spoken in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Genetic relations Jorge Suárez linked Guaicuruan and Charruan in a ''Waikuru-Charrúa'' stock. Kaufman (2007: 72) has also added Lule–Vilela and Zamucoan,Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. South America. In: R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley (eds.), ''Atlas of the World’s Languages (2nd edition)'', 59–94. London: Routledge. while Morris Swadesh proposed a ''Macro-Mapuche'' stock that included Matacoan, Guaicuruan, Charruan, and Mascoyan. Campbell (1997) has argued that those hypotheses should be further investigated, though he no longer intends to evaluate it. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawakan, Tupian, Trumai, and Ofayé language families due to contac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilagá Language
Pilagá is a Guaicuruan languages, Guaicuruan language spoken by 4,000 :es:Pilagá, people in the Bermejo River, Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province, in northeastern Argentina. Sociocultural context The geographical distribution into communities is permeated by pan-Chacoan social organization of people into bands. According to Braunstein (1983), among the Chaco groups several bands constitute a "tribe", identified by a common name and associated by marriage and exchange. He states that tribes have been preferably endogamous, with uxorilocal postmarital residence. Among the Pilagá, tribes have identified with names of regional animals and these traditional denominations persist in present times. As many anthropologists have noted, the Chaco groups, including the Pilagá, have been hunter-gatherers. Hunting also includes fishing and collection of honey. Hunting is exclusively the domain of men, while gathering of wild fruits, palm hearts, mesquite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mocoví Language
The Mocoví language is a Guaicuruan language of Argentina spoken by about 3,000 people, mostly in Santa Fe, Chaco, and Formosa provinces. In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Mocoví as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Qom and Wichí.Link The Mataco-Guicurú language family is a group of 11 indigenous languages of the Americas spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, comprising two subfamilies with a total of approximately 100,000 speakers distributed in the Bermejo, Pilcomayo and Paraguay river basins. Other languages of the family are extinct and some others are threatened with extinction. In the province of Santa Fe, it is used mostly by the elderly Mocoví population. Among adults, bilingualism is widespread and among young people Spanish is preferred. In the province of Chaco, the Mocoví language and culture are carefully preserved. Writing in the Mocoví language was non-existent until the 1950 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guachi Language
Guachí (Wachí) is an extinct, apparently Guaicuruan language of Argentina. It is usually classified as one of the Guaicuruan languages, but the data is insufficient to demonstrate that. Documentation Guachi is known only from 145 words collected by Francis de Castelnau from March to early April of 1845 in the Miranda area of Argentina.Castelnau, Francis de 1850-1. ''Expédition dans les parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud: de Rio de Janeiro á Lima, et de Lima au Para, executée par ordre du Gouvernement franais pendant les années 1843 á 1847''. Histoire du Voyage, París: P. Bertrand, vol. 2 & 5. Classification Viegas Barros (2004) proposes that Guachi, as well as Payaguá, may be a Macro-Guaicurúan language.Viegas Barros, José Pedro. 2004. ''Guaicurú no, macro-Guaicurú sí: Una hipótesis sobre la clasificación de la lengua Guachí (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil)''. Ms. 34pp. However, Campbell (2012) classifies Guachi as a language isolate Language isolates are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abipón Language
The Abipón language was a native American language of the Guaicuruan group of the Guaicuruan languages, Guaycurú-Charruan languages, Charruan family that was at one time spoken in Argentina by the Abipón people. Its last speaker is thought to have died in the 19th century. John Mackenzie (ed.), ''Peoples, Nations and Cultures''. Phonology Consonants Vowels Bibliography Cited in the Catholic EncyclopediaAdolph Francis Bandelier (1907)Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Abipones Accessed on 2009-08-08. * Lorenzo Hervás, Hervas (1785), Origine, Formazione, Mecanismo, ed Armonia degli Idiomi (Cesena) * Hervas (1787), Vocabulario poliglotto * Hervas (1787), Saggio practico delle Lingue ... * Adrian Balbi (1826), Atlas ethnographique du globe (Paris) * Alcide d'Orbigny (1839), L'Homme americain (Paris) * Daniel Brinton, The American Race. UPSID References External links *Abipón basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database* World Atlas of Language Structures i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toba Qom Language
Toba Qom is a Guaicuruan language spoken in South America by the Toba people. The language is known by a variety of names including Toba, Qom or Kom, Chaco Sur, and Toba Sur. In Argentina, it is most widely dispersed in the eastern regions of the provinces of Formosa and Chaco, where the majority of the approximately 19,810 (2000 WCD) speakers reside. The language is distinct from Toba-Pilagá and Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy. There are also 146 Toba speakers in Bolivia where it is known as Qom and in Paraguay where it is also known as Qob or Toba-Qom. In 2010, the province of Chaco in Argentina declared Qom as one of four provincial official languages alongside Spanish and the indigenous Moqoit and Wichí. History Many indigenous people from Chaco remained nomads until the nineteenth century. Their economy was based on hunting and gathering. They were organized in groups called ''bandas'' (Spanish: "bands"), made up of the union of large families. They formed larger groups called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charruan Languages
The Charruan languages are a language family once spoken in Uruguay and the Argentine province of Entre Ríos. In 2005, a semi-speaker of the Chaná language, Blas Wilfredo Omar Jaime, was found in Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. Internal coherence Charruan may actually consist of two or three unrelated families according to Nikulin (2019).Nikulin, Andrey V. 2019. The classification of the languages of the South American Lowlands: State-of-the-art and challenges / Классификация языков востока Южной Америки'. Illič-Svityč (Nostratic) Seminar / Ностратический семинар, Higher School of Economics, October 17, 2019. Nikulin notes that many of the following languages share very few basic vocabulary items with each other. # Chaná as spoken by Blas Wilfredo Omar Jaime # Chaná of Larrañaga (1923) # Charrúa of Vilardebó (1842) # Güenoa from a short 18th-century catechesis quoted by Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro Languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guaycuru Peoples
Guaycuru or Guaykuru is a generic term for several ethnic groups Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous to the Gran Chaco region of South America, speaking related Guaicuruan languages. In the 16th century, the time of first contact with Spanish Empire, Spanish explorers and colonists, the Guaycuru people lived in the present-day countries of Argentina (north of Santa Fe Province), Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil (south of Corumbá). The name is written ''guaycurú'' or ''guaicurú'' in Spanish language, Spanish (plural ''guaycurúes'' or ''guaicurúes''), and ''guaicuru'' in Portuguese language, Portuguese (plural ''guaicurus''). It was originally an offensive epithet given to the Mbayá people, Mbayá people of Paraguay by the Guarani people, Guarani, meaning "savage" or "barbarian", which later was extended to the whole group. It has also been used in the past to include other peoples of the Chaco region, but is now restricted to those speaking a Guaicuruan language. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Payagua Language
Payaguá (Payawá) is an extinct language of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia, spoken by the Payaguá Indians. It is usually classified as one of the Guaicuruan languages, but the data is insufficient to demonstrate that. Classification Viegas Barros (2004) proposes that Payagua may be a Macro-Guaicurúan language.Viegas Barros, José Pedro. 2004. ''Guaicurú no, macro-Guaicurú sí: Una hipótesis sobre la clasificación de la lengua Guachí (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil)''. Ms. 34pp. However, Campbell (2012) classifies Payagua as a language isolate. An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Chaco
The Gran Chaco or Dry Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semiarid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay, northern Argentina, and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region. This land is sometimes called the Chaco Plain. Toponymy The name Chaco comes from a word in Quechua, an indigenous language from the Andes and highlands of South America. The Quechua word ''chaqu'' meaning "hunting land" comes probably from the rich variety of animal life present throughout the entire region. Geography The Gran Chaco is about 647,500 km² (250,000 sq mi) in size, though estimates differ. It is located west of the Paraguay River and east of the Andes, and is mostly an alluvial sedimentary plain shared among Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. It stretches from about 17 to 33°S latitude and between 65 and 60°W longitude, though estimate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. It has a population of seven million, nearly three million of whom live in the capital and largest city of Asunción, and its surrounding metro. Although one of only two landlocked countries in South America (Bolivia is the other), Paraguay has ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean, through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway. Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524, and in 1537, they established the city of Asunción, the first capital of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata. During the 17th century, Paraguay was the center of Jesuit missions, where the native Guaraní people were converted to Christianity and introduced to European culture. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Čestmír Loukotka
Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovak linguist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained a lot of unpublished material and was therefore superior to all previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from the Czech Republic Paleolinguists Linguists of indigenous languages of the Americas 20th-century linguists { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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