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Grigori Voitinsky
Grigori Naumovich Voitinsky, born Zarkhin (; 17 April 1893 – 11 June 1953) was a Soviet Comintern official. He was sent to China in 1920 as a senior advisor to contact the top prominent Chinese communists such as Chen Duxiu, just before the formation of the Communist Party of China. The process of forming the Communist Party can be mostly attributed to his influence, although his successor advisors had more influence about the official party line itself, such as allying with the Kuomintang. He was born on 17 April 1893 in Nevel (town), Nevel to a Russian Jewish family. In 1918, he joined the Bolshevik Party. He took an active part in the Far Eastern Front in the Russian Civil War. Work in China In 1920, the Soviet Union established the Far Eastern Bureau of the Comintern, Far Eastern Bureau in Siberia, a branch of the Third Communist International, or the Comintern. Thus he was directly responsible for managing the establishment of a Communist party in China and other far eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nevel (town)
Nevel (russian: Не́вель) is a town and the administrative center of Nevelsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on Lake Nevel southeast of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Nevel was first mentioned in Ivan the Terrible's will among towns that had been founded during his reign. Between 1580 and 1772, it frequently changed ownership. In 1623, it was granted Magdeburg rights by the Polish King Władysław IV Vasa. While part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth it was located in the Połock Voivodeship. It finally passed to Russia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, when it was included into newly established Pskov Governorate, chartered, and made the seat of Nevesky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate. In 1777, it was transferred to Polotsk Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Nevel was transferred to the Belarusian Governorate; it formed a part of Vitebsk Governorate from 1802. In early 1919 it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing
} Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 million residents. It has an administrative area of , the third in the country after Guangzhou and Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at archive. Retrieved 21 April 2009. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China. Beijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centres for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, busi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and mn, Эрхүү, ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 617,473 as of the 2010 Census, Irkutsk is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 25th-largest city in Russia by population, the fifth-largest in the Siberian Federal District, and one of the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, cities in Siberia. Located in the south of the eponymous oblast, the city proper lies on the Angara River, a tributary of the Yenisei River, Yenisei, about 850 kilometres (530 mi) to the south-east of Krasnoyarsk and about 520 kilometres (320 mi) north of Ulaanbaatar. The Trans-Siberian Highway (Federal M53 and M55 Highways) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia. Many distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English as the Bolshevists,. It signifies both Bolsheviks and adherents of Bolshevik policies. were a far-left, revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin that split with the Mensheviks from the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898, at its Second Party Congress in 1903. After forming their own party in 1912, the Bolsheviks took power during the October Revolution in the Russian Republic in November 1917, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky, and became the only ruling party in the subsequent Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union. They considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary proletariat of Russia. Their beliefs and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Asia Secretariat
East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the fact that east is the direction where the Sun rises: ''east'' comes from Middle English ''est'', from Old English ''ēast'', which itself comes from the Proto-Germanic *''aus-to-'' or *''austra-'' "east, toward the sunrise", from Proto-Indo-European *aus- "to shine," or "dawn", cognate with Old High German ''*ōstar'' "to the east", Latin ''aurora'' 'dawn', and Greek ''ēōs'' 'dawn, east'. Examples of the same formation in other languages include Latin oriens 'east, sunrise' from orior 'to rise, to originate', Greek ανατολή anatolé 'east' from ἀνατέλλω 'to rise' and Hebrew מִזְרָח mizraḥ 'east' from זָרַח zaraḥ 'to rise, to shine'. ''Ēostre'', a Germanic goddess of dawn, might have been a personification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialism
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be state/public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change. Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanghai Jewish Chronicle
The ''Shanghai Jewish Chronicle'' () was a Jewish newspaper operating in Shanghai, China. It was a German language newspaper that was originally published daily and later published weekly.Goldstein160 The paper opened on May 3, 1939. The German language newspaper business was increasing in Shanghai due to an influx of Jewish refugees from Europe. Ossi Lewin, J. Kastan, and Horwitz served as the editors.Walravens, p93/ref> The newspaper stories included international news and often referred to interests held by Jewish people. It targeted "Jews of the Far East and especially those of the German speaking community." It also discussed emigration problems. Each issue had eight to sixteen pages. Advertising made up about one third of each issue.Walravens, p93 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanghai Chronicle
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. With a population of 24.89 million as of 2021, Shanghai is the most populous urban area in China with 39,300,000 inhabitants living in the Shanghai metropolitan area, the second most populous city proper in the world (after Chongqing) and the only city in East Asia with a GDP greater than its corresponding capital. Shanghai ranks second among the administrative divisions of Mainland China in human development index (after Beijing). As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (nominal) of nearly 9.1 trillion RMB ($1.33 trillion), exceeding that of Mexico with GDP of $1.22 trillion, the 15th largest in the world. Shanghai is one of the world's major centers for fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shi Cuntong
Shi Cuntong (; 1899 – 29 November 1970), also known as Shi Fuliang () was an academician and an early leader of the Communist Party of China. Biography Born in 1899 in Zhejiang, he enrolled into the Zhejiang First Provincial Normal School in 1917. Following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, he participated in the founding of the magazine "Zhejiang New Trends", and received recognition for his essay "Non-filial" that was published in its 2nd issue regarding the closed family culture of Chinese society. He traveled to Beijing in 1920 to pursuit his anti-government agenda but returned to Shanghai after a few months. When he returned, he met up with the editor of "New Youth" Chen Duxiu upon the liaison from Yu Xiusong, taking up the Marxist ideology and joining the Communist Party of China as one of her founding members. In August 1920, he participated in the founding of the Chinese Communist Youth League, and established the Tokyo Marxist Study Group whilst he was away in Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yu Xiusong
Yu Xiusong () (1899 – February 21, 1939) was an early member of the Chinese Communist Party. He was born in Zhuji, Zhejiang. He started attending the Zhejiang First Normal School (currently Hangzhou High School) in 1916. The May 4 movement of 1919 led him to be a student activist. In 1920, he founded the Communist Youth League of China and became its first leader. In 1922, he supported the Constitutional Protection Movement of Sun Yat-sen. As a result of the First United Front in 1924, Yu was given a position in his home province by the Kuomintang. In October 1925, Yu went to the Soviet Union to study at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University, where he became acquainted with Wang Ming. In 1933, he was in the Soviet Far East. He arrived in Xinjiang in the summer of 1935. He was married to the sister of local warlord Sheng Shicai. At the instigation of Kang Sheng, Wang had Deng Fa arrest Yu on charges of Trotskyism sometime between December 10 and 27, 1937. In May or June 1938, Yu was extr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shen Xuanlu
__NOTOC__ Shen may refer to: * Shen (Chinese religion) (神), a central word in Chinese philosophy, religion, and traditional Chinese medicine; term for god or spirit * Shen (clam-monster) (蜃), a shapeshifting Chinese dragon believed to create mirages * Shenendehowa Central School District, abbreviated as Shen * Shen ring, an Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol, a form of cartouche Surnames * Shěn (surname), the most common Chinese surname Shen (沈) * Shēn (surname), Chinese surname Shen (申) * Shèn (surname), Chinese surname Shen (慎) Places * Shen, an ancient place in Israel/Palestine (mentioned in ) * Shen County (莘县), in Shandong, China * State of Shen, (申国) Chinese vassal state during the Zhou dynasty * Shen (申) or Shēnchéng (申城, City of Shen), an alternate name of Shanghai * Shenyang (沈阳), a city in Liaoning, China Entertainment * Shen (character), a character in Ender's Game * Shén, a fictional race from the world of Tékumel * Shen, a charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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