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Gribble
A gribble /ˈgɹɪbəl/ (or gribble worm) is any of about 56 species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small ( long) crustaceans, although '' Limnoria stephenseni'' from subantarctic waters can reach . Classification The term "gribble" was originally assigned to the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799, ''Limnoria lignorum''. The Limnoriidae are now known to include seaweed and seagrass borers, as well as wood borers. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. Ecology Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for ingestion as food. The cellulose of wood is digested, most likely with the aid of cellulases produced by the gribbles themselves. The most destructive species are ''Limnoria lignorum'', ''L. tripunctata'' and ''L. quadripunctata''. Due to dispersal while inhabiting wooden ships, it is unce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Lignorum
''Limnoria lignorum'', commonly known as the gribble, is a species of isopod in the family Limnoriidae. It is found in shallow water in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean where it tunnels into wood and attacks and destroys submerged wooden structures. Description ''Limnoria lignorum'' grows to a maximum length of but a more usual size range is . It is a yellowish colour and is about three times as long as it is broad. It has a woodlouse-like body with fourteen segments. It bores its way into wood to a depth of about . Distribution ''Limnoria lignorum'' is found in the boreal and temperate seas of the northern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea and it is also known from the west coast of North America. Its range extends from Norway southwards to France, and from the Gulf of St Lawrence southwards to Cobscook Bay and Cape Cod. Its depth range is from the littoral zone to a depth of about It is unclear from exactly where it originated because it has spread widely, aided in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Quadripunctata
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *'' Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *'' Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *'' Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *'' Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *'' Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *'' Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *'' Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *'' Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teredinidae
The shipworms are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae: a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in sea water, including such structures as wooden piers, docks and ships; they drill passages by means of a pair of very small shells (“valves”) borne at one end, with which they rasp their way through. Sometimes called "termites of the sea", they also are known as " Teredo worms" or simply Teredo (from grc, τερηδών, , translit=terēdṓn, lit=wood-worm via ). Carl Linnaeus assigned the common name '' Teredo'' to the best-known genus of shipworms in the 10th edition of his taxonomic ''magnum opus'', ''Systema Naturæ'' (1758). Description Removed from its burrow, the fully grown teredo ranges from several centimetres to about a metre in length, depending on the species. The body is cylindrical, slender, naked and superficially vermiform, meaning "w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Segnis
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *'' Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *'' Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *'' Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *'' Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *'' Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *'' Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *'' Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *'' Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea
''Durvillaea'' is a genus of large brown algae in the monotypic family Durvillaeaceae. All members of the genus are found in the southern hemisphere, including Australia, New Zealand, South America, and various subantarctic islands. ''Durvillaea'', commonly known as southern bull kelps, occur on rocky, wave-exposed shorelines and provide a habitat for numerous intertidal organisms. Many species exhibit a honeycomb-like structure in their fronds that provides buoyancy, which allows individuals detached from substrates to raft alive at sea, permitting dispersal for hundreds of days over thousands of kilometres. ''Durvillaea'' species have been used for clothing, tools and as a food source by many indigenous cultures throughout the South Pacific, and they continue to play a prominent role in Chilean cuisine. Common name and etymology The common name for ''Durvillaea'' is southern bull kelp, although this is often shortened to bull kelp, which can generate confusion with the North ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Stephenseni
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *'' Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *'' Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *'' Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *'' Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *'' Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *'' Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *'' Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *'' Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *'' Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *'' Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *'' Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *'' Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *'' Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *'' Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *'' Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *'' Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphipoda
Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far described. They are mostly marine animals, but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 1,900 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers such as '' Talitrus saltator''. Etymology and names The name ''Amphipoda'' comes, via New Latin ', from the Greek roots 'on both/all sides' and 'foot'. This contrasts with the related Isopoda, which have a single kind of thoracic leg. Particularly among anglers, amphipods are known as ''freshwater shrimp'', ''scuds'', or ''sideswimmers''. Description Anatomy The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be grouped into a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of antennae and one pair of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses ( phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commensal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from each other; amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected; parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism but the parasitoid has a free-living state and instead of just harming its host, it eventually ends up killing it. The commensal (the species that benefits from the association) may obtain nutrients, shelter, support, or locomotion from the host species, which is substantially unaffected. The commensal relation is often between a larger host and a smaller commensal; the host organism is unmodified, whereas the commensal species may show great structural adaptation consistent with its habits, as in the remoras that ride attached to sharks and other fishes. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
