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Graptolite
Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous ( Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, '' Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch '' Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuselli). Most extinct graptolites belong to two major orders: the bush-like sessile Dendroidea and the planktonic, free-floating Graptoloidea. These orders most likely evolved from encrusting pterobranchs similar to ''Rhabdopleura''. Due to their widespread abundance, pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graptoloidea
Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous ( Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, '' Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch '' Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuselli). Most extinct graptolites belong to two major orders: the bush-like sessile Dendroidea and the planktonic, free-floating Graptoloidea. These orders most likely evolved from encrusting pterobranchs similar to ''Rhabdopleura''. Due to their widespread abundance, pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendroidea
Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous ( Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, '' Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch '' Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuselli). Most extinct graptolites belong to two major orders: the bush-like sessile Dendroidea and the planktonic, free-floating Graptoloidea. These orders most likely evolved from encrusting pterobranchs similar to ''Rhabdopleura''. Due to their widespread abundance, plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Welsh tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in North Wales in the Cambrian and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian systems, and placed them in a system of their own. The Ordovician received international approval in 1960 (forty years after Lapworth's death), when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress. Life continued to flourish during the Ordovician as it did in the earlier Cambrian P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdopleura
''Rhabdopleura'' is a genus of colonial sessile hemichordates belonging to the Pterobranchia class. As one of the oldest living genera with a fossil record dating back to the Middle Cambrian, it is also considered to be the only living genus of graptolites. ''Rhabdopleura'' is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology. Research in the 2010s by Jörg Maletz and other paleontologists and biologists have demonstrated that ''Rhabdopleura'' is an extant graptolite. Species List of species from Maletz (2014): ;Living species The genus ''Rhabdopleura'' contains at least five living species. * '' Rhabdopleura annulata'' Norman 1921 — Indo-Pacific region * '' Rhabdopleura compacta'' Hincks 1880 — Atlantic * '' Rhabdopleura normani'' Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific * '' Rhabdopleura recondita'' Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 — Mediterranean * '' Rhabdopleura striata'' Schepotieff 1909 — Pacific (Sri Lanka) ;''Nomen dubium'' (doubtful) * ''Rh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterobranchia
Pterobranchia is a class of small worm-shaped animals. They belong to the Hemichordata, and live in secreted tubes on the ocean floor. Pterobranchia feed by filtering plankton out of the water with the help of cilia attached to tentacles. There are about 25 known living pterobranch species in three genera, which are ''Rhabdopleura'', '' Cephalodiscus'', and '' Atubaria''. On the other hand, there are several hundred extinct genera, some of which date from the Cambrian Period. The class Pterobranchia was established by Ray Lankester in 1877. It contained, at that time, the single genus ''Rhabdopleura''. ''Rhabdopleura'' was at first regarded as an aberrant polyzoon, but when the ''Challenger'' report on '' Cephalodiscus'' was published in 1887, it became clear that ''Cephalodiscus'', the second genus now included in the order, had affinities with the Enteropneusta. Electron microscope studies have suggested that pterobranchs belong to the same clade as the extinct grapto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdopleuridae
Rhabdopleurida is one of three orders in the class Pterobranchia, which are small, worm-shaped animals, are the only surviving graptolites. Members belong to the hemichordates. Species in this order are sessile, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and secrete tubes called tubarium. They have a single gonad, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms. ''Rhabdopleura'' is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology. ''Rhabdopleura'' is the only extant graptolite. Taxonomy This small order is monotypic. It has only a single extant genus, containing four to six living species. Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892 * Family Rhabdopleuridae Harmer 1905 ** Genus ''Rhabdopleura'' Allman 1869 *** '' Rhabdopleura annulata'' Norman 1921 — Indo-Pacific region *** '' Rhabdopleura compacta'' Hincks 1880 — Atlantic *** '' Rhabdopleura normani'' Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific *** '' Rhabdopleura recondita'' Beli, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclograptidae
Cyclograptidae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through t ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *? †'' Alternograptus'' Bouček, 1956 *? †'' Callodendrograptus'' Decker, 1945 *†'' Calycotubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Camarotubus'' Mierzejewski, 2001 *†'' Conitubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Cyclograptus'' Spencer, 1883 *†'' Dendrotubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Discograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Dyadograptus'' Obut, 1960 *†'' Galeograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Kozlowskitubus'' Mierzejewski, 1978 *†'' Marsipograptus'' Ruedemann, 1936 *†'' Multitubus'' Skevington, 1963 *†'' Parvitubus'' Skevington, 1963 *†'' Reticulograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Rhiphidodendrum'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Rodonograptus'' Počta, 1894 *� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fossils
Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which focuses on correlating and assigning relative ages of rock strata by using the fossil assemblages contained within them.Hine, Robert. “Biostratigraphy.” ''Oxford Reference: Dictionary of Biology'', 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2019. The primary objective of biostratigraphy is ''correlation'', demonstrating that a particular horizon in one geological section represents the same period of time as another horizon at a different section. Fossils within these strata are useful because sediments of the same age can look completely different, due to local variations in the sedimentary environment. For example, one section might have been made up of clays and marls, while another has more chalky limestones. However, if the fossil species recorded are similar, the two sediments are likely to have been laid down around the same time. Ideally these fossils are used to help identify biozones, as they make up the basic biostratigrap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysticamaridae
Cysticamaridae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through t ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Bithecocamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Cysticamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Erecticamara'' Mierzejewski, 2000 *†'' Flexicollicamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Graptocamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Syringataenia'' Obut, 1953 *†'' Tubicamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wimanicrustidae
Wimanicrustidae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through t ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Bulmanicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Ellesicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Graptoblastoides'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Graptoblastus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Holmicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Hormograptus'' Öpik, 1930 *†'' Lapworthicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Maenniligraptus'' Mierzejewski, 1986b *†'' Ruedemannicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Thallograptus'' Öpik, 1928 *†'' Urbanekicrusta'' Mierzejewski, 1986b *†'' Wimanicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Xenocyathus'' Eisenack, 1982 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dithecodendridae
Dithecodendridae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian ( Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through t ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Archaeolafoea'' Chapman, 1919 *†'' Bulmanidendrum'' Obut, 1974 *? †'' Dalyia'' Walcott, 1919 *†'' Dithecodendrum'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Karasidendrum'' Sennikov, 1998 *†'' Ovetograptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 *†'' Protodendrum'' Sennikov, 1998 *†'' Siberiodendrum'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Sibiriograptus'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Sotograptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 *†'' Tarnagraptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaunograptus
''Chaunograptus'' is a genus of putative graptolite known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. 11 specimens of ''Chaunograptus'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed The Phyllopod bed, designated by USNM locality number 35k, is the most famous fossil-bearing member of the Burgess Shale fossil ''Lagerstätte''. It was quarried by Charles Walcott from 1911–1917 (and later named Walcott Quarry), and was t ..., where they comprise 0.02% of the community. References External links * Burgess Shale fossils Graptolite genera Cambrian genus extinctions {{cambrian-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
