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Graptolite
Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ... organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian (geology), Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, ''Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch ''Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graptoloidea
Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous ( Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, ''Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch ''Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuselli). Most extinct graptolites belong to two major orders: the bush-like sessile Dendroidea and the planktonic, free-floating Graptoloidea. These orders most likely evolved from encrusting pterobranchs similar to ''Rhabdopleura''. Due to their widespread abundance, plantkonic l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dendroidea
Graptolites are a group of Colony (biology)#Modular organisms, colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class (biology), class Pterobranchia. These Filter feeder, filter-feeding organisms are known chiefly from fossils found from the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) through the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian (geology), Mississippian). A possible early graptolite, ''Chaunograptus'', is known from the Middle Cambrian. Recent analyses have favored the idea that the living pterobranch ''Rhabdopleura'' represents an extant graptolite which diverged from the rest of the group in the Cambrian. Fossil graptolites and ''Rhabdopleura'' share a colony structure of interconnected zooids housed in organic tubes (theca) which have a basic structure of stacked half-rings (fuselli). Most extinct graptolites belong to two major orders: the bush-like Sessility (motility), sessile Dendroidea and the Plankton, planktonic, free-floating Graptoloidea. These orders mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dithecodendridae
Dithecodendridae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Archaeolafoea'' Chapman, 1919 *†'' Bulmanidendrum'' Obut, 1974 *? †'' Dalyia'' Walcott, 1919 *†'' Dithecodendrum'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Karasidendrum'' Sennikov, 1998 *†'' Ovetograptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 *†'' Protodendrum'' Sennikov, 1998 *†'' Siberiodendrum'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Sibiriograptus'' Obut, 1964 *†'' Sotograptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 *†'' Tarnagraptus'' Sdzuy, 1974 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdopleura
''Rhabdopleura'' is a genus of colonial sessile hemichordates belonging to the Pterobranchia class. As one of the oldest living genera with a fossil record dating back to the Middle Cambrian, it is also considered to be the only living genus of graptolites. ''Rhabdopleura'' is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology. Research in the 2010s by Jörg Maletz and other paleontologists and biologists have demonstrated that ''Rhabdopleura'' is an extant graptolite. Species List of species from Maletz (2014): ;Living species The genus ''Rhabdopleura'' contains at least five living species. * ''Rhabdopleura annulata'' Norman 1921 — Indo-Pacific region * '' Rhabdopleura compacta'' Hincks 1880 — Atlantic * ''Rhabdopleura normani'' Allmann, 1869 — Atlantic and parts of the Pacific * ''Rhabdopleura recondita'' Beli, Cameron and Piraino, 2018 — Mediterranean * ''Rhabdopleura striata'' Schepotieff 1909 — Pacific (Sri Lanka) ;''Nomen dubium'' (doubtful) * ''Rhabdopleu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cysticamaridae
Cysticamaridae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Bithecocamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Cysticamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Erecticamara'' Mierzejewski, 2000 *†'' Flexicollicamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Graptocamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Syringataenia'' Obut, 1953 *†'' Tubicamara'' Kozłowski, 1949 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wimanicrustidae
Wimanicrustidae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *†'' Bulmanicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Ellesicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Graptoblastoides'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Graptoblastus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Holmicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Hormograptus'' Öpik, 1930 *†'' Lapworthicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Maenniligraptus'' Mierzejewski, 1986b *†'' Ruedemannicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Thallograptus'' Öpik, 1928 *†'' Urbanekicrusta'' Mierzejewski, 1986b *†'' Wimanicrusta'' Kozłowski, 1962 *†'' Xenocyathus'' Eisenack, 1982 References Graptolites Prehistoric hemichordate families {{Hemichordate-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclograptidae
Cyclograptidae is an extinct family of graptolite Graptolites are a group of colonial animals, members of the subclass Graptolithina within the class Pterobranchia. These filter-feeding Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and ...s. Genera List of genera from Maletz (2014): *? †'' Alternograptus'' Bouček, 1956 *? †'' Callodendrograptus'' Decker, 1945 *†'' Calycotubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Camarotubus'' Mierzejewski, 2001 *†'' Conitubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Cyclograptus'' Spencer, 1883 *†'' Dendrotubus'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Discograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Dyadograptus'' Obut, 1960 *†'' Galeograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Kozlowskitubus'' Mierzejewski, 1978 *†'' Marsipograptus'' Ruedemann, 1936 *†'' Multitubus'' Skevington, 1963 *†'' Parvitubus'' Skevington, 1963 *†'' Reticulograptus'' Wiman, 1901 *†'' Rhiphidodendrum'' Kozłowski, 1949 *†'' Rodonograptus'' Počta, 1894 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordovician
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic Britons, Welsh tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same Rock (geology), rock beds in North Wales in the Cambrian and Silurian systems, respectively. Lapworth recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed Stratum, strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian systems, and placed them in a system of their own. The Ordovician received international approval in 1960 (forty years after Lapworth's death), when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Union of Geological Sciences, Intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaunograptus
''Chaunograptus'' is a genus of putative graptolite known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. 11 specimens of ''Chaunograptus'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed The Phyllopod bed, designated by USNM locality number 35k, is the most famous fossil-bearing member of the Burgess Shale fossil ''Lagerstätte''. It was quarried by Charles Walcott from 1911–1917 (and later named Walcott Quarry), and was t ..., where they comprise 0.02% of the community. References External links * Burgess Shale fossils Graptolite genera Cambrian genus extinctions {{cambrian-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterobranchia
Pterobranchia is a class of small worm-shaped animals. They belong to the Hemichordata, and live in secreted tubes on the ocean floor. Pterobranchia feed by filtering plankton out of the water with the help of cilia attached to tentacles. There are about 25 known living pterobranch species in three genera, which are ''Rhabdopleura'', '' Cephalodiscus'', and '' Atubaria''. On the other hand, there are several hundred extinct genera, some of which date from the Cambrian Period. The class Pterobranchia was established by Ray Lankester in 1877. It contained, at that time, the single genus ''Rhabdopleura''. ''Rhabdopleura'' was at first regarded as an aberrant polyzoon, but when the ''Challenger'' report on '' Cephalodiscus'' was published in 1887, it became clear that ''Cephalodiscus'', the second genus now included in the order, had affinities with the Enteropneusta. Electron microscope studies have suggested that pterobranchs belong to the same clade as the extinct grapto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish and whales. Marine plankton include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa and drifting or floating animals that inhabit the saltwater of oceans and the brackish waters of estuaries. Freshwater plankton are similar to marine plankton, but are found in the freshwaters of lakes and rivers. Plankton are usually thought of as inhabiting water, but there are also airborne versions, the aeroplankton, that live part of their lives drifting in the atmosphere. These include plant spores, pollen and wind-scattered seeds, as well as microorganisms swept into the air from terrestrial dust storms and oceanic plankton swept into the air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
