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Governorate-General (Russian Empire)
Governorates-General (russian: генерал-губернаторство; ''general-gubernatorstvo'') were a type of administrative-territorial division in the Russian Empire from 1775–1917. Governorates-General usually comprised a set of guberniyas and oblasts. The term was sometimes used to refer to krais or military guberniyas. The Moscow and Saint-Petersburg governorates were placed into a separate governorate-general. Description Governorates-General were governed by governors-general, military leaders of a territory. Governors-General supervised governors, but did not directly participate in the administration of their subordinated guberniyas, except for Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. List of Governorates-General * Governorate-General of Saint-Petersburg * Governorate-General of Moscow * Governorate-General of Azov * Belorussian Governorate-General (1775–1856) * Siberian Governorate-General (1802–1822) ** East-Siberian Governorate-General (1822–1884), split * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unitary State
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Although political power may be delegated through devolution to regional or local governments by statute, the central government may abrogate the acts of devolved governments or curtail (or expand) their powers. Unitary states stand in contrast with federations, also known as ''federal states''. A large majority of the world's sovereign states (166 of the 193 UN member states) have a unitary system of government. Devolution compared with federalism A unitary system of government can be considered the opposite of federalism. In federations, the provincial/regional governments share powers with the central government as equal actors through a written constitution, to which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Turkestan
Russian Turkestan (russian: Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire’s Central Asian territories, and was administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship. It comprised the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh Steppe, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva. History Establishment Although Russia had been pushing south into the steppes from Astrakhan and Orenburg since the failed Khivan expedition of Peter the Great in 1717, the beginning of the Russian conquest of Turkestan is normally dated to 1865. That year the Russian forces took the city of Tashkent under the leadership of General Mikhail Chernyayev expanding the territories of Turkestan Oblast (part of Orenburg Governorate-General). Chernyayev had exceeded his orders (he only had 3,000 men under his command at the time) but Saint Petersburg recognized the annexation in any case. This was swiftly follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Governorate-General
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. The 19t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vistula Land
Vistula Land, Vistula Country (russian: Привислинский край, ''Privislinsky krai''; pl, Kraj Nadwiślański) was the name applied to the lands of Congress Poland from 1867, following the defeats of the November Uprising (1830–31) and January Uprising (1863–1864) as it was increasingly stripped of autonomy and incorporated into Imperial Russia. It also continued to be formally known as the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie) until the fall of the Russian Empire. Russia lost control of the region in 1915, during the course of the First World War. Following the 1917 October Revolution, it was officially ceded it to the Central Powers by signing the 1918 treaty of Brest-Litovsk. History In 1831, in the aftermath of the November Uprising, the Polish Army, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland, its parliament (Sejm) and local self-administration were disbanded. The constitution was replaced by the much less liberal and never fully implemented Organic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Governorates
The Baltic governorates (russian: Прибалтийские губернии), originally the Ostsee governorates (german: Ostseegouvernements, russian: Остзейские губернии), was a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up in the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia (1721) and, afterwards, of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1795). History The Treaty of Vilnius of 1561 included the '' Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti'' by which the Polish King Sigismund II Augustus guaranteed the Livonian estates several privileges, including religious freedom with respect to the Augsburg Confession, the '' Indigenat'' ( pl, Indygenat), and continuation of the traditional German jurisdiction and administration. The terms regarding religious freedom forbade any regulation of the traditional Protestant order by religious or secular authorities, and ruled that cases of disagreements be judged only by Protestant scholars. When in 1710 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Government Of Galicia And Bukovina
The General Government of Galicia and Bukovina (russian: Галицийское генерал-губернаторство) was a temporary Imperial Russian military administration of eastern parts of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria captured from Austria-Hungary during World War I. The administration was established after the Russian victory in the Battle of Galicia, led by the commander-in-chief Nikolai Ivanov in the late summer of 1914. It did not last long and by mid-1915 Russians retreated, following the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive led by the Central Powers overall commander August von Mackensen. During the later stages of the war, the Russian forces tried to reclaim the territory during the military operations of Brusilov and Kerensky. Even if, de facto, it did cease to function after the Great Retreat in 1915, it was not formally abolished until 1917. Military governors and krai commissars * September 5, 1914 – July 14, 1915: Georgiy Bobrinsky * October 4, 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorate-General Of Orenburg
A governorate is an administrative division of a state. It is headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is often used in translation from non-English-speaking administrations. The most common usage are as a translation of Persian "Farmandari" or the Arabic ''Muhafazah''. It may also refer to the '' guberniya'' and '' general-gubernatorstvo'' of Imperial Russia or the '' gobiernos'' of Imperial Spain. Arab countries The term governorate is widely used in Arab countries to describe an administrative unit. Some governorates combine more than one ''Muhafazah''; others closely follow traditional boundaries inherited from the Ottoman Empire's ''vilayet'' system. With the exception of Tunisia, all translations into the term governorate originate in the Arabic word ''muhafazah''. *Governorates of Bahrain *Governorates of Egypt *Governorates of Iraq (official translation, someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorate-General Of Grodno, Minsk, Kovno
A governorate is an administrative division of a state. It is headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is often used in translation from non-English-speaking administrations. The most common usage are as a translation of Persian "Farmandari" or the Arabic ''Muhafazah''. It may also refer to the '' guberniya'' and '' general-gubernatorstvo'' of Imperial Russia or the '' gobiernos'' of Imperial Spain. Arab countries The term governorate is widely used in Arab countries to describe an administrative unit. Some governorates combine more than one ''Muhafazah''; others closely follow traditional boundaries inherited from the Ottoman Empire's ''vilayet'' system. With the exception of Tunisia, all translations into the term governorate originate in the Arabic word ''muhafazah''. *Governorates of Bahrain *Governorates of Egypt *Governorates of Iraq (official translation, someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right-bank Ukraine
Right-bank Ukraine ( uk , Правобережна Україна, ''Pravoberezhna Ukrayina''; russian: Правобережная Украина, ''Pravoberezhnaya Ukraina''; pl, Prawobrzeżna Ukraina, sk, Pravobrežná Ukrajina, hu, Jobb parti Ukrajna) is a historical and territorial name for a part of modern Ukraine on the right (west) bank of the Dnieper River, corresponding to the modern-day oblasts of Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad, as well as the western parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy. It was separated from the left bank during the Ruin. Right-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Volhynia and Podolia to the west, Moldavia to the southwest, Yedisan and Zaporizhzhia to the south, left-bank Ukraine to the east, and Polesia to the north. Main cities of the region include Cherkasy, Kropyvnytskyi, Bila Tserkva, Zhytomyr and Oleksandriia. History The history of right- and left-bank Ukraine is closely associated with the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648–57. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
