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Gotham Curve
The Gotham Curve was once the Minimum railway curve radius, sharpest curve on any standard gauge railway line in the United Kingdom, UK. The curve, which was situated in the sparsely populated, exposed limestone uplands in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, was on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The Single-track railway, single-track main line was inherited by British Railways in 1948. It closed in 1967. Description Although sharper curves were present on industrial Siding (rail), sidings and harbour railways, the line through the Gotham curve went through an 80 degree curve with a radius of . The curve was subject to a speed limit of and led "the platelayer [..] to keep a supply of Rail fastening system#chairs, rail chairs and other spares to hand in case a driver "burst the rails" when negotiating the curve." It might have once had a Cant (road/rail), steep camber but none was present in 1954 when there were Guard rails (rail), check-rails in place. History The sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotham Curve
The Gotham Curve was once the Minimum railway curve radius, sharpest curve on any standard gauge railway line in the United Kingdom, UK. The curve, which was situated in the sparsely populated, exposed limestone uplands in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, was on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The Single-track railway, single-track main line was inherited by British Railways in 1948. It closed in 1967. Description Although sharper curves were present on industrial Siding (rail), sidings and harbour railways, the line through the Gotham curve went through an 80 degree curve with a radius of . The curve was subject to a speed limit of and led "the platelayer [..] to keep a supply of Rail fastening system#chairs, rail chairs and other spares to hand in case a driver "burst the rails" when negotiating the curve." It might have once had a Cant (road/rail), steep camber but none was present in 1954 when there were Guard rails (rail), check-rails in place. History The sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Class J94
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) J94 Class is a class of steam locomotive that was formed when 75 former "Austerity" 0-6-0STs were purchased by the LNER in 1946 from the War Department. __TOC__ Overview The LNER had had trials with one in November 1945 and bought 75 of them in 1946, numbering them 8006-80. All entered British Railways (BR) service in 1948. BR added 60000 to their numbers so they became 68006-80, and classified them 4F. They were used for shunting in docks, and other similar work where their short wheelbase meant they could negotiate sharp curves. They were used on the Cromford and High Peak Railway in Derbyshire, where they displaced the ex-North London Railway Class 75 class 2F s. They were withdrawn between 1960 and 1967. A few were sold into industrial use with the National Coal Board (who had several other Austerities) and others. Stock list Preservation Two, BR Nos 68077 and 68078 and have been preserved. In addition a large nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derbyshire County Council
Derbyshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire, England. It has 64 councillors representing 61 divisions, with three divisions having two members each. They are Glossop and Charlesworth, Alfreton and Somercotes, and Eckington and Killamarsh. The authority is controlled by the Conservative Party, who won control in the May 2017 local council election and retained control in the May 2021 elections. The Leader of the Council is Barry Lewis. He heads a cabinet consisting of eight other members – those being Simon Spencer, Carol Hart, Natalie Hoy, Tony King, Carolyn Renwick, Kewal Singh Athwal, Julie Patten and Alex Dale. The cabinet members each have responsibility for particular functions of the council and are assisted by Cabinet Support Members. History The council was first set up in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, covering the administrative county. It was reconstituted in 1974 under the Local Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spring (hydrology)
A spring is a point of exit at which groundwater from an aquifer flows out on top of Earth's crust ( pedosphere) and becomes surface water. It is a component of the hydrosphere. Springs have long been important for humans as a source of fresh water, especially in arid regions which have relatively little annual rainfall. Springs are driven out onto the surface by various natural forces, such as gravity and hydrostatic pressure. Their yield varies widely from a volumetric flow rate of nearly zero to more than for the biggest springs. Formation Springs are formed when groundwater flows onto the surface. This typically happens when the groundwater table reaches above the surface level. Springs may also be formed as a result of karst topography, aquifers, or volcanic activity. Springs also have been observed on the ocean floor, spewing hot water directly into the ocean. Springs formed as a result of karst topography create karst springs, in which ground water travels throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middleton Incline
Middleton Incline is a former railway incline in Middleton, Derbyshire. Historically on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The incline was one of six inclines along the entire line from Cromford to Whaley Bridge in High Peak, Derbyshire. The incline was opened in 1830 and was in use until 1967 when the entire line from Whaley Bridge to Middleton was closed. With the section to Cromford closing in 1963. Today, the incline is used as part of the High Peak Trail The High Peak Trail is a trail for walkers, cyclists and horse riders in the Peak District of England. Running from Dowlow , near Buxton, to High Peak Junction, Cromford , it follows the trackbed of the former Cromford and High Peak Rai .... Middleton Pasture Incline was also 1 in 9 gradient. Like the other ones along the former railway. References Railway inclines in the United Kingdom {{UK-rail-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheep Pasture Incline
Sheep Pasture Incline is a former railway incline in Sheep Pasture, Derbyshire. Historically on the Cromford and High Peak Railway. The incline was one of six inclines along the entire line from Cromford to Whaley Bridge in High Peak, Derbyshire. The incline was opened in 1830 and was in use until 1967 when the entire line from Whaley Bridge to Middleton was closed. With the section to Cromford closing in 1963. Today, the incline is used as part of the High Peak Trail The High Peak Trail is a trail for walkers, cyclists and horse riders in the Peak District of England. Running from Dowlow , near Buxton, to High Peak Junction, Cromford , it follows the trackbed of the former Cromford and High Peak Rai .... Sheep Pasture Incline was also 1 in 9 gradient. Like the other ones along the former railway. References Railway inclines in the United Kingdom {{England-rail-transport-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tender (rail)
A tender or coal-car (US only) is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called a tender locomotive. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board the locomotive itself are called tank locomotives. A corridor tender is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly. A brake tender is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency. General functions The largest steam locomotives are semi-permanently coupled by a drawbar to a tender that carries the water and fuel. The fuel source used depends on what is economically available locally. In the UK and parts of Europe, a plentiful supply of coal made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burnt Lime
Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, Caustic (substance), caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term "''lime (material), lime''" connotes calcium-containing inorganic materials, in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, ''quicklime'' specifically applies to the single chemical compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products such as cement is called free lime. Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and a chemical derivative (calcium hydroxide, of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals. Preparation Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal decomposition of materials, such as limestone or seashells, that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3; mineral calcite) in a lime kiln. This is accomplished by hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flyboat
The flyboat (also spelled fly-boat or fly boat) was a European light vessel of Dutch origin developed primarily as a mercantile cargo carrier, although many served as warships in an auxiliary role because of their agility. These vessels could displace between 70 and 200 tons, and were used in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The name was subsequently applied to a number of disparate vessels which achieved high speeds or endurance. At the beginning of the 17th century they were replaced by the fluyt, which in England was also known as a fly-boat. Origin The name "flyboat" is derived from Dutch (language), Dutch ''vlieboot'', a boat with a shallow enough draught to be able to navigate a shallow ''vlie'' or river estuary, such as the Vlie. Armed flyboats were used by the naval forces of the Dutch rebels, the Watergeuzen, in the beginning of the Eighty Years' War, and comprised the Dutch contribution to the English Armada. The type resembled a small carrack and had two or at mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brake Van
Brake van and guard's van are terms used mainly in the UK, Ireland, Australia and India for a railway vehicle equipped with a hand brake which can be applied by the guard. The equivalent North American term is caboose, but a British brake van and a caboose are very different in appearance, because the former usually has only four wheels, while the latter usually has bogies. German railways employed Brakeman's cabins combined into other cars. Many British freight trains formerly had no continuous brake so the only available brakes were those on the locomotive and the brake van. Because of this shortage of brake power, the speed was restricted to . The brake van was marshalled at the rear of the train so both portions of the train could be brought to a stand in the event of a coupling breaking. When freight trains were fitted with continuous braking, brake vans lost their importance, and were discontinued by many railways. However, they still continue on some important railw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
