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Gonars
Gonars ( fur, Gonârs) is a town and ''comune'' near Palmanova in Friuli, northeastern Italy. History World War II On 23 February 1942, the fascist regime established a concentration camp in the town, mostly for prisoners from present-day Slovenia and Croatia. The first transport of 5343 internees (1643 of whom were children) arrived two days later from the Province of Ljubljana and from the Rab camp and the camp in Monigo near Treviso. The camp was disbanded on 8 September 1943, immediately after Italian capitulation. Every effort was made to erase any evidence of this black spot of Italian history. The camp's buildings were destroyed, the materials were used to build a nearby kindergarten and the site was turned into a meadow. Only in 1973 a sacrarium was created by sculptor Miodrag Živković at the town's cemetery. Remains of 453 Slovenian and Croatian victims were transferred into its two underground crypts. It is believed that at least 50 additional persons died in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rab Concentration Camp
The Rab concentration camp ( it, Campo di concentramento per internati civili di Guerra – Arbe; hr, Koncentracijski logor Rab; sl, Koncentracijsko taborišče Rab) was one of several Italian concentration camps. It was established during World War II, in July 1942, on the Italian-occupied island of Rab (now in Croatia). According to historians James WalstonJames Walston (1997History and Memory of the Italian Concentration Camps ''Historical Journal'', p. 40. and Carlo Spartaco Capogeco,Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004Clash of civilisations, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol.12, No.2, p.7 at 18%, the annual mortality rate in the camp was higher than the average mortality rate in the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald (15%). According to a report by Monsignor Jože Srebrnič, Bishop of Krk on 5 August 1943 to Pope Pius XII: "witnesses, who took part in the burials, state unequivocally that the number of the dead totals at least 3,500". According to Yugoslav estimates of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Vratuša
Anton Vratuša (born Vratussa Antal; 21 February 1915 – 30 July 2017) was a Slovenian politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Slovenia from 1978 to 1980, and Yugoslavia's ambassador to the United Nations.http://www.sazu.si/en/members/anton-vratusa Life Vratuša was born in Alsócsalogány, Austria-Hungary, today Dolnji Slaveči, Slovenia. His parents were Vratussa Antal and Anna Bokán. He passed the exam for becoming a teacher of stenography. He defended his Doctorate Thesis in the field of Slavistics at the Faculty of philosophy in Ljubljana in the year 1941. After the outbreak of the World War II in Yugoslavia, Vratuša joined the Yugoslav Partisans, but was interned in the Italian concentration camps of Gonars, of Treviso, of Padova and of Rab from February 1942 to September 1943. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers , and has a population of 2.1 million (2,108,708 people). Slovenes constitute over 80% of the country's population. Slovene, a South Slavic language, is the official language. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. A sub-mediterranean climate reaches to the northern extensions of the Dinaric Alps that traverse the country in a northwest–southeast direction. The Julian Alps in the northwest have an alpine climate. Toward the northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geogr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Zagreb , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = Croatian , languages_type = Writing system , languages = Latin , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = 2021 , religion = , religion_year = 2021 , demonym = , government_type = Unitary parliamentary republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Zoran Milanović , leader_title2 = Prime Minister , leader_name2 = Andrej Plenković , leader_title3 = Speaker of Parliament , leader_name3 = Gordan Jandroković , legislature = Sabor , sovereignty_type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitomil Zupan
Vitomil Zupan (18 January 1914 – 14 May 1987) was a post-World War II modernist Slovene writer and Gonars concentration camp survivor. Because of his detailed descriptions of sex and violence, he was dubbed the Slovene HemingwayVitomil Zupan, lovec na izkušnje , 18 January 2014 and was compared to . He is best known for ''Menuet za kitaro'' (A Minuet for Guitar, 1975), describing the years he spent with the |
Aleš Strojnik
Aleš Strojnik (also known as Alex Strojnik, May 21, 1921 – November 6, 1995) was a Slovenian American aerodynamicist and aircraft designer specializing in low-speed drag reduction. He was also a pioneer and professor in physics and high-energy electron microscopy, and retired from teaching and research at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. His daughter, Marija Strojnik Scholl, took interest in optics at an early age when she was accompanying her father to work, and went on to become a prominent astrophysicist. Strojnik was born and educated in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. He was imprisoned in Gonars concentration camp during World War II along with thousands of other ethnic Slovenes by the fascist Italian occupiers of the Province of Ljubljana. After the war, Strojnik returned to academia and research. He is called by some "the first Slovenian biomedical engineer", and was influential in cultivating a sense of quality among his students. Strojnik had some training ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bojan Štih
Bojan Štih (18 February 1923 – 14 October 1986), was a Slovene literary critic, stage director, and essayist. He was one of the most influential figures in modern Slovene theatre after 1945. Štih was born in Ljubljana, where he attended Bežigrad High School. During World War II, he collaborated with the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. In 1942 he was arrested by the Italian Fascist authorities and sent to the Gonars concentration camp. In late August 1942 he escaped from the camp along with a group of Slovene Communist activists, among whom was also the Partisan leader Franc Ravbar and Boris Kraigher, who later who became prime minister of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Štih actively participated in the Slovene Partisan resistance in the Julian March. After the end of the war in 1945, he worked as a journalist and editor. In 1957, he received a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Ljubljana. The same year, he started working as a director at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakob Savinšek
Jakob Savinšek (4 February 1922 – 17 August 1961) was a Slovene sculptor, illustrator, and poet. Life Savinšek was born in the Upper Carniolan town of Kamnik, then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (now in Slovenia), where he spent his youth. After finishing secondary school in Ljubljana, he studied medicine at the University of Ljubljana. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, he studied drawing under the tutorship of Rihard Jakopič and sculpture under the supervision of Karla Bulovec Mrak. During World War II and the Italian annexation of Ljubljana he was imprisoned in Ljubljana Castle for collaborating with the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. In 1942, he was later sent to the Gonars concentration camp. He was released after the Italian armistice in September 1943. A devout Roman Catholic, he decided to join the Slovenian Home Guard, an Anti-Communist militia collaborating with the Wehrmacht against the Partisan resistance. He deserted befor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasilij Melik
Vasilij Melik (17 January 1921 – 28 January 2009) was a Slovenian historian, who mostly worked on political history of the Slovene Lands in the 19th century. Life He was born in Ljubljana as the only son of the renowned geographer Anton Melik. After finishing the Ljubljana Classical Lyceum, he enrolled at the University of Ljubljana, where he studied under the supervision of the historian Fran Zwitter. During World War Two, he was sent to the Gonars concentration camp by the Fascist Italian occupation authorities, and then to a labour camp near Postojna. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, he was released and returned to Ljubljana, where he graduated from history in 1944. In 1945, he worked shortly as a correspondent for the Yugoslav press agency ''Tanjug'', and then continued the academic career. Work Melik's research was focused on the Slovene history of the 19th century. He first dedicated to the economic history, but then shifted to political history, es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogo Grafenauer
Bogo Grafenauer (16 March 1916 – 12 May 1995) was a Slovenian historian, who mostly wrote about medieval history in the Slovene Lands. Together with Milko Kos, Fran Zwitter, and Vasilij Melik, he was one of the founders of the so-called Ljubljana school of historiography. Early life He was born in Ljubljana in a well-established Carinthian Slovene family. His father, Ivan Grafenauer, was a famous literary historian and ethnologist and nephew of Franc Grafenauer, a representative in the Carinthian provincial assembly. He was the brother of the mineralogist Stanko Grafenauer and designer and choreographer Marija Grafenauer-Vogelnik. He studied history at the University of Ljubljana, graduating in 1940. In his college years, he joined the Christian left intellectual circle around Edvard Kocbek. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he joined the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. Between 1942 and 1943, the Italian Fascist occupation authoriti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France Balantič
France Balantič (29 November 1921 – 24 November 1943) was a Slovenian language, Slovene poet. His works were banned from schools and libraries during the Titoist regime in Slovenia, but since the late 1980s he has been re-evaluated as one of the foremost Slovene poets of the 20th century. Life Balantič was born in a working-class family in Kamnik,Plut-Pregelj, Leopoldina, & Carole Rogel. 2010. ''The A to Z of Slovenia.'' Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, p. 33. in the Slovenian region of Upper Carniola in what was then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Before World War II, he studied Slavic linguistics at the University of Ljubljana. As a student, Balantič professed left wing, left-wing leanings, with a sympathy towards Christian Socialism and trade unionism in general. As a devout Roman Catholic, he was however suspicious to the materialist world view present in most left-wing ideologies of the time, especially in Communism. By 1941 he had turned away from political activism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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