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Gjirokastër Alphabet
The Gjirokastër alphabet, also known as Veso Bey alphabet, is one of the original Albanian language Albanian alphabet, alphabets of the 19th century. It is named after the town of Gjirokastër in South Albania where it was first encountered by the scholar Johann Georg von Hahn, also after Veso Bey, a rich local bey from the influential Alizoti family who provided it to Hahn. Hahn published in 1854 in his "Albanesische Studien", in Jena. History According to Hahn, the alphabet was given to him by Veso bey, and had been used that far within Alizoti family circles. Script The alphabet, probably cryptic, contains 22 letters. See also *Vithkuqi alphabet *Vellara alphabet *Elbasan alphabet References {{Authority control Albanian scripts Alphabets Albanian inventions Obsolete writing systems Constructed scripts 19th-century introductions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Language
Albanian ( endonym: or ) is an Indo-European language and an independent branch of that family of languages. It is spoken by the Albanians in the Balkans and by the Albanian diaspora, which is generally concentrated in the Americas, Europe and Oceania. With about 7.5 million speakers, it comprises an independent branch within the Indo-European languages and is not closely related to any other modern Indo-European language. Albanian was first attested in the 15th century and it is a descendant of one of the Paleo-Balkan languages of antiquity. For historical and geographical reasons,: "It is often thought (for obvious geographic reasons) that Albanian descends from ancient Illyrian (see above), but this cannot be ascertained as we know next to nothing about Illyrian itself." the prevailing opinion among modern historians and linguists is that the Albanian language is a descendant of a southern Illyrian dialect spoken in much the same region in classical times. Alternativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Alphabet
The Albanian alphabet ( sq, alfabeti shqip) is a variant of the Latin alphabet used to write the Albanian language. It consists of 36 letters: ''Note:'' The vowels are shown in bold. The letters are named simply by their sounds, followed by ë for consonants (e.g. fë). to the pronunciation of the 36 letters. History The earliest known mention of Albanian writings comes from a French Catholic church document from 1332. Written either by archbishop Guillaume Adam or the monk Brocardus Monacus the report notes that ''Licet Albanenses aliam omnino linguam a latina habeant et diversam, tamen litteram latinam habent in usu et in omnibus suis libris'' ("Though the Albanians have a language entirely their own and different from Latin, they nevertheless use Latin letters in all their books"). Scholars warn that this could mean Albanians also wrote in the Latin language, not necessarily just Albanian with a Latin script. The history of the later Albanian alphabet is closely linked w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gjirokastër
Gjirokastër (, sq-definite, Gjirokastra) is a city in the Republic of Albania and the seat of Gjirokastër County and Gjirokastër Municipality. It is located in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino, at 300 metres above sea level. Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, described as "a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town, built by farmers of large estate". The city is overlooked by Gjirokastër Fortress, where the Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival is held every five years. It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha, and author Ismail Kadare. The city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its Greek name, gkm, Αργυρόκαστρο, Argyrókastro, label=none, as part of the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the Orthodox Christian diocese of ''Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastro'' after the destruction of nearby Adrianoupolis.Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010).The Orthodox Church in Albania Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Georg Von Hahn
Johann Georg von Hahn (11 July 1811 – 23 September 1869) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian and later Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian diplomat, Philology, philologist and specialist in History of Albania, Albanian history, Albanian language, language and Culture of Albania, culture. Hahn was born in Frankfurt am Main. In 1847, he was named Austrian consul in Ioannina, today in Greece. He was transferred to the Hellenic Kingdom on the island of Syros in 1851, and from 1869 was the consul-general in Athens. He is considered the founder of Albanology, Albanian studies. He assembled and published source materials on Albanian language and culture as descendants of ancient Illyrians. His published works: * Albanesische Studien'. 3 vols. Jena: F. Mauko, 1854; Vienna: Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1853 (reprint Dion.Karavias, Athen 1981) * ''Reise von Belgrad nach Salonik''. Vienna: K. K. Consul für östliche Griechenland, 1861. * ''Griechische und albanesische Märchen''. 2 vols. Leipzig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jena
Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a population of about 110,000. Jena is a centre of education and research; the Friedrich Schiller University was founded in 1558 and had 18,000 students in 2017 and the Ernst-Abbe-Fachhochschule Jena counts another 5,000 students. Furthermore, there are many institutes of the leading German research societies. Jena was first mentioned in 1182 and stayed a small town until the 19th century, when industry developed. For most of the 20th century, Jena was a world centre of the optical industry around companies such as Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik (since 1990). As one of only a few medium-sized cities in Germany, it has some high-rise buildings in the city centre, such as the JenTower. These also have their origin in the former Carl Zeiss factor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hodja
Khawaja (Persian language, Persian: خواجه ''khvâjəh'') is an honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, particularly towards Sufi teachers. It is also used by Kashmiri Muslims and the Mizrahi Jews—particularly Persian Jews and Baghdadi Jews. The word comes from the Iranian word ''khwāja'' (Classical Persian: ''khwāja''; Dari language, Dari ''khājah''; Tajik language, Tajik ''khoja''). In Persian language, Persian, the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'. The Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of the Persian خواجه gave rise to ''hodja'' and its equivalents such as ''hoca'' in Turkish language, modern Turkish, ''hoxha'' in Albanian language, Albanian, ''xoca'' (''khoja'') in Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani, ''hodža'' in Bosnian language, Bosnian, ''χότζας'' (''chótzas'') in Greek language, Greek, ''hogea'' in Romanian language, Romanian, and ''хоџа'' in Serbian language, Serbian. Other spellings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vithkuqi Alphabet
Vithkuqi script, also called Büthakukye or Beitha Kukju after the appellation applied to it by German Albanologist Johann Georg von Hahn, was an alphabetic script invented for writing the Albanian language between 1825 and 1845 by Albanian scholar Naum Veqilharxhi. History Though the script is sometimes erroneously claimed to be named after its inventor, as in Carl Faulmann's ''Das Buch der Schrift'', the script's name is derived from Vithkuq, a village in the Korçë region where Veqilharxhi was born. The script never took hold because of its inventor's premature death and because of the prohibitive costs of cutting new type for the invented characters; nevertheless, a number of documents using the script were published in the late 19th century. The script was eventually overwhelmed by the Greek, Arabic and Latin scripts it had been designed to supplant, the latter becoming the official one in 1909. Other original scripts used for Albanian were the Elbasan script and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vellara Alphabet
Vellara script or Vellara alphabet is one of the original Albanian alphabets, encountered for the first time in the early 19th century. It is named after the Greek doctor, lyricist and writer Ioannis Vilaras (Jan Vellarai in Albanian), the author of a manuscript where this alphabet is documented for the first and so far the only time. Ioannis Vilaras Vilaras studied medicine in Padua in 1789 and later lived in Venice. In 1801, he became a physician to Veli, son of Ali Pasha Tepelena (1741–1822). Vilaras is remembered today primarily as a modern Greek poet, non-native Albanian speaker but fluent, according to François Pouqueville, who also describes him as bright. Vilaras spent time in southern Albania. The manuscript The manuscript of the work was donated to the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris (supplément grec 251, f. 138-187) in 1819 by François Pouqueville (1770–1839), French consul in Janina during the reign of Ali Pasha. Pouqueville was aware of the value of the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elbasan Alphabet
The Elbasan script is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script created for the Albanian language ''Elbasan Gospel Manuscript'', also known as the ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("the Anonymous of Elbasan"), which is the only document written in it. The document was created at St. Jovan Vladimir's Church in central Albania, but is preserved today at the National Archives of Albania in Tirana. The script, like the manuscript, is named after the city of Elbasan, where it was invented, and although the manuscript isn't the oldest document written in Albanian, the script is the oldest out of seven known original scripts created for Albanian. Its 59 pages contain Biblical content written in a script of 40 letters, of which 35 frequently recur and 5 are rare. Letters Unicode The Elbasan script (U+10500–U+1052F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0. Creation The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript comes from the Easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Scripts
Albanian may refer to: *Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular: **Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans **Albanian language **Albanian culture **Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country *Pertaining to other places: **Albania (other) **Albany (other) **St Albans (other) *Albanian cattle *Albanian horse *''The Albanian'', a 2010 German-Albanian film See also * *Olbanian language *Albani people *Albaniana (other) *Alba (other) Alba is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland. Alba or ALBA may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Fictional characters * Alba ''(Darkstalkers)'', a character in the Japanese video game * Alba (''The Time Traveler's Wife''), a chara ... {{Disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabets
An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Sinaitic script, later known as the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet and is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, including Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and possibly Brahmic. It was created by Semitic-speaking workers and slaves in the Sinai Peninsula (as the Proto-Sinaitic script), by selecting a small number of hieroglyphs commonly seen in their Egyptian surroundings to describe the sounds, as opposed to the semantic values of the Canaanite languages. However, Peter T. Daniels distinguishes an abugida, a set of graphemes that represent consonantal base le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
