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Giorgio Lampugnano
Giorgio Lampugnano was a university professor of Pavia, husband of one Giovannina Omodei and father of the Ambrosian Republic. Lampugnano was the figurehead of the original four founders of the Ambrosian Republic, an inspiring public speaker. Lampugnano and his father-in-law Giovanni Omodei were among the first Captains and Defenders. He was an active Ghibelline and stirred the populace to protest against peace talks with Venice in 1448 after the Guelphic triumph in the election. When Carlo Gonzaga gained too much power for his firm republican tastes, he organized the Ghibellines into a pro-Francesco Sforza conspiracy against him, but they were betrayed. On the way to the Holy Roman Empire as an embassy, Lampugnano and his friend and fellow conspirator Teodoro Bossi were captured and imprisoned. Lampugnano was beheaded without a trial, and Bossi was tortured until he gave the names of his accomplices, all of whom either escaped or were murdered. His relative, Oldrado Lampugnan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavia
Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom from 540 to 553, of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 572 to 774, of the Kingdom of Italy from 774 to 1024 and seat of the Visconti court from 1365 to 1413. Pavia is the capital of the fertile province of Pavia, which is known for a variety of agricultural products, including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. It is home to the ancient University of Pavia (founded in 1361 and recognized in 2022 by the Times Higher Education among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world), which together with the IUSS (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), Ghislieri College, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambrosian Republic
, it, Aurea Repubblica Ambrosiana , era = Late Middle Ages , government_type = Directorial republic , p1 = Duchy of Milan , flag_p1 = Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg , s1 = Duchy of Milan , flag_s1 = Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg , image_map = Golden Ambrosian Republic.jpg , year_start = 1447 , year_end = 1450 , image_flag = Flag of the Golden Ambrosian Republic.svg , capital = Milan , common_languages = Lombard , religion = Catholic Church , currency = Soldo , leader1 = Mains of the 12 members: * Bishop Antonio Trivulzio * Carlo Gonzaga of Milan * Vitaliano I Borromeo , year_leader1 = 1447–1450 , title_leader = Captains and Defenders of the Freedom , legislature = Parish Assembly The Golden Ambrosian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghibelline
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075, and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The Guelph vs Ghibelline conflict initially arose from the division caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and related to the old dynasty. Out of fear of the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, links=no), was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic in parts of present-day Italy (mainly Northern Italy, northeastern Italy) that existed for 1100 years from AD 697 until AD 1797. Centered on the Venetian Lagoon, lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, it incorporated numerous Stato da Màr, overseas possessions in modern Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Cyprus. The republic grew into a Economic history of Venice, trading power during the Middle Ages and strengthened this position during the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the Renaissance. In its early years, it prospered on the salt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guelphs And Ghibellines
The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire arose with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075, and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. History Origins The Guelph vs Ghibelline conflict initially arose from the division caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots. Upon the death of Emperor Henry V, of the Salian dynasty, the dukes elected an opponent of his dynasty, Lothair III, as the new emperor. This displeased the Hohenstaufen, who were allied with and related to the old dynasty. Out of fear of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Gonzaga Of Milan
Carlo Gonzaga (died 21 December 1456), Lord of Sabbioneta, was an Italian nobleman of the Mantuan House of Gonzaga who rose to the position of Captain of the People in the Ambrosian Republic of Milan, and eventually ruled practically as an autocrat. He was the younger son of Gianfrancesco Gonzaga and Paola Malatesta, as well as a friend of the humanist writer Francesco Filelfo. His brother was Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, and became a rival of his for Mantua and in the field of battle. Biography Carlo Gonzaga was born in Mantua. He married twice, first to Lucia d'Este, daughter of Niccolò III d'Este, who died childless, and then to Ringarda Manfredi, who gave him three daughters and a son. After the death of his father in 1444 Ludovico became Marquis and removed all authority from Carlo. He went to Venice and fought in her service against the Ambrosian Republic until he defected with Francesco Sforza in 1447. He was appointed Captain of the People in November of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Sforza
Francesco I Sforza (; 23 July 1401 – 8 March 1466) was an Italian condottiero who founded the Sforza dynasty in the duchy of Milan, ruling as its (fourth) duke from 1450 until his death. In the 1420s, he participated in the War of L'Aquila and in the 1430s fought for the Papal States and Milan against Venice. Once war between Milan and Venice ended in 1441 under mediation by Sforza, he successfully invaded southern Italy alongside René of Anjou, pretender to the throne of Naples, and after that returned to Milan. He was instrumental in the Treaty of Lodi (1454) which ensured peace in the Italian realms for a time by ensuring a strategic balance of power. He died in 1466 and was succeeded as duke by his son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza. While Sforza was recognized as duke of Milan, his son Ludovico would be the first to have formal investiture under the Holy Roman Empire by Maximilian I in 1494. Biography Early life Francesco Sforza was born in San Miniato, Tuscany, one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe. Andrew Holt characterizes it as "perhaps the most powerful European state of the Middle Ages". The functioning of government depended on the harmonic cooperation (dubbed ''consensual rulership'' by Bernd Schneidmüller) between monarch and vassals but this harmony was disturbed during the Salian Dynasty, Salian period. The empire reached the apex of territorial expansion and power under the House of Hohenstaufen in the mid-thirteenth century, but overextending led to partial collapse. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the List of Frankish kings, Frankish king Charlemagne as Carolingi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teodoro Bossi
The name ''Teodoro'' is the Italian, Portuguese and Spanish form of Theodore. People Given name * Teodoro Alcalde (1913–1995) * Teodoro Ardemans (died 1726) * Teodoro Borlongan (1955–2005) * Teodoro Buontempo (1946–2013) * Teodoro Cano García (born 1932) * Teodoro Celli (1917–1989), music critic * (born 1996), actor * Teodoro Correr (1750–1830) * Teodoro Cottrau (1827–1879) * Teodoro Cuñado (born 1970) * Teodoro de Croix (1730–1792) * Teodoro Fernandes Sampaio (1855–1937), Brazilian engineer, geographer and historiographer * Teodoro Fernández (1913–1996) * Teodoro García Simental (born 1974) * Teodoro Ghisi (1536–1601) * Teodoro Goliardi (born 1927) * Teodoro Kalaw (1884–1940) * Teodoro Kalaw (sport shooter) * Teodoro Lechi (1778–1866) * Teodoro Locsin Jr. (born 1948) * Teodoro Lonfernini (born 1976) * Teodoro Maniaci * Teodoro Matos Santana (1946–2013) * Teodoro Mauri (1904–1960) * Teodoro Moscoso (1932–1992) * Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Armstrong (historian)
Edward Armstrong (3 March 1846 – 14 April 1928) was an English historian. Biography He was born in Tidenham, Gloucestershire, the son of John Armstrong, later Bishop of Grahamstown. Armstrong was educated at Bradfield College and Exeter College, Oxford, and became a Fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford. Armstrong wrote books on Charles V, Elisabeth Farnese, and Lorenzo de' Medici. He also contributed to ''The Cambridge Modern History'' and the '' 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica''. Armstrong served as warden of Bradfield College Bradfield College, formally St Andrew's College, Bradfield, is a public school (English independent day and boarding school) for pupils aged 11–18, located in the small village of Bradfield in the English county of Berkshire. It is note ... from 1920 to 1925. His first wife, Mabel née Watson, died in 1920. In 1921 he married his second wife, Geraldine Prynne Harriss (born 1899), who was the third daughter of Rev. James Adolphus Harriss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Pavia Faculty
A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate education, undergraduate and postgraduate education, postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1449 Deaths
Year 1449 ( MCDXLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 6 – Constantine XI Palaiologos is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mistra; he will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the founding of Rome. * February – Alexăndrel seizes the throne of Moldavia, with the support of the boyars. * March 24 – Hundred Years' War: English capture Fougères in Brittany. * April 7 – The last Antipope, Felix V, abdicates. * April 19 – Pope Nicholas V is elected by the Council of Basel. * April 25 – The Council of Basel dissolves itself. * May – An English privateering fleet led by Robert Wennington challenges ships of the Hanseatic League. * May 14 – Second Siege of Sfetigrad (1449): The Albanian garrison surrenders and the Ottomans seize the fortress. * May 20 – Battle of Alfarrobeira: King Afonso V of Portugal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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