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Ghaibalishen, Nagorno-Karabakh
Ghaibalishen ( hy, Ղայբալիշեն) or Qaybali ( az, Qaybalı; hy, Ղայբալու, Ghaybalu) is a village that is, de facto, in the Shushi Province of the Republic of Artsakh; de jure, it is part of the Shusha District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Toponymy The village is also known as ''Khaibalikend'' (russian: Кайбаликенд). History According to the 1897 census, 381 Armenians and 133 Azerbaijanis lived in the village. In June 1919, 600-700 Armenian inhabitants of Ghaibalishen and the neighboring villages of Jamilli, Karkijahan and Pahlul were massacred A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when per ... by armed Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers. Ghaibalishen was looted and burnt. The village had an Azerbaijani-majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Facto
''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by law"), which refers to things that happen according to official law, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. History In jurisprudence, it mainly means "practiced, but not necessarily defined by law" or "practiced or is valid, but not officially established". Basically, this expression is opposed to the concept of "de jure" (which means "as defined by law") when it comes to law, management or technology (such as standards) in the case of creation, development or application of "without" or "against" instructions, but in accordance with "with practice". When legal situations are discussed, "de jure" means "expressed by law", while "de facto" means action or what is practiced. Similar expressions: "essentially", "unofficial", "in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh ( ) is a landlocked country, landlocked region in the Transcaucasia, South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and Syunik Province, Syunik, and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains. The region is mostly mountainous and forested. Nagorno-Karabakh is a list of territorial disputes, disputed territory, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but most of it is governed by the unrecognised Republic of Artsakh (also known as the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR)) since the first Nagorno-Karabakh War. Since the end of the war in 1994, representatives of the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been holding peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group on the region's disputed status. The region is usually equated with the administrative borders of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, comprising . The historical area of the region, however, encompasses approximately . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War, referred to in Armenia as the Artsakh Liberation War ( hy, Արցախյան ազատամարտ, Artsakhyan azatamart) was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Soviet Republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh. The enclave's parliament had voted in favor of uniting with Armenia and a referendum, boycotted by the Azerbaijani population of Nagorno-Karabakh, was held, in which a majority voted in favor of independence. The demand to unify with Armenia began in a relatively peaceful manner in 1988; in the following months, as the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Vratsian
Simon Vratsian ( hy, Սիմոն Վրացեան; 1882 – 21 May 1969) was an Armenian politician and activist of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. He was one of the leaders of the First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) and served as its last prime minister for 10 days in 1920. He also headed the Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland for 40 days during the anti-Bolshevik February Uprising in 1921. While in exile, he continued his political and educational activities in the Armenian diaspora and wrote several books, most notably his six-volume memoir ''Keankʻi ughinerov'' ("On the Path of Life") and his history of the First Republic of Armenia titled ''Hayastani Hanrapetutʻiwn'' ("The Republic of Armenia"). Biography Vratsian was born Simavon Grouzian was born in the village of Metz Sala (Bolshiye Saly) near Nor Nakhichevan in the Russian Empire (now Nakhichevan-on-Don) on March 24, 1882 Julian calendar (April 5). When he was five years old, his family settled among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahlul, Azerbaijan
Bahlul ( az, Bəhlul) or Pahlul ( hy, Փահլուլ) is a village near the city of Stepanakert in Azerbaijan. History In June 1919, the village and the neighboring villages of Ghaibalishen (Khaibalikend), Jamilli, and Karkijahan were looted and destroyed in the Khaibalikend massacre with 600-700 ethnic Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ... being killed by armed Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers. Vratsian, Simon. ''Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն'' (''The Republic of Armenia''). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286-87. References External links * {{Portal bar, Geography Stepanakert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kərkicahan
Krkjan ( hy, Քրքջան) or Karkijahan ( az, Kərkicahan) is a settlement near the city of Stepanakert. The village had an Armenian-majority population prior to the Khaibalikend massacre in 1919 and subsequently an Azerbaijani-majority population prior to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 1988. History Pre-Soviet period In 1886, the village had an Armenian-majority population, consisting entirely of farmers. In June 1919, the village and the neighboring villages of Ghaibalishen (Khaibalikend), Jamilli, and Pahlul were looted and destroyed in the Khaibalikend massacre with 600-700 ethnic Armenians being killed by armed Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers. Soviet Union During the early Soviet period, the village was a district within the city of Stepanakert in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of the Azerbaijan SSR, known as ''Karkijan'' ( az, Kərkican). In 1988, the district was given the status of an urban-type settlement, after Azerbaijani IDPs from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamilli
Jamilli ( hy, Ջամիլլի; az, Cəmilli) is a village ''de facto'' in the Askeran Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, ''de jure'' in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an Azerbaijani majority prior to their expulsion during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. History In June 1919, Jamilli and the neighboring villages of Ghaibalishen (Khaibalikend), Karkijahan and Pahlul were looted and burnt as part of the Khaibalikend massacre by armed Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers, in which a total of 600-700 Armenians were killed. During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Askeran District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its cap .... Demog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Status Of Nagorno-Karabakh
The political status of Nagorno-Karabakh has remained unresolved since Azerbaijan's recognition as an independent state in 1991. During the Soviet Union, it had been an ethnic Armenian autonomous oblast of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic; however, the disintegration of the USSR was accompanied by the conflict between local Armenians who sought to join Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, and local Azerbaijanis who opposed this. The conflict soon boiled over into open warfare in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and ethnic cleansing, as a result of which Nagorno-Karabakh - as well as 7 surrounding regions of Azerbaijan - came to be occupied by an Armenia-allied de facto state, the Republic of Artsakh. Negotiations took place sporadically over the following decades, during which a ceasefire generally prevailed between Armenia / Artsakh and Azerbaijan (albeit without peacekeeping forces). Turkey and Azerbaijan closed their borders to Armenia and Artsakh, and took other diplomatic step ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Administrative Divisions Of The Republic Of Artsakh
The administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh are of two types; provinces and cities. There are six provinces and one special administrative city - the capital of the Republic. Municipalities in Artsakh are divided into 2 categories: urban communities and rural communities. Before the 2020 war, there were 10 towns (urban) and 322 villages (rural) in Artsakh. Administrative divisions These divisions include territory controlled by Azerbaijan, which are officially considered occupied by Artsakh. : Totally under Azerbaijani control. : Partially under Azerbaijani control. Azerbaijan divisions and claimed territories Before the Artsakh republic was established, the territory was organized by the Republic of Azerbaijan into a number of rayons (districts). Artsakh extended its provinces across the border of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), removing the administrative distinction between the two areas. The following districts, which were not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia (Republic of Dagestan) to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state. In 1920, the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan SSR. The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the same year. In September 1991, the ethnic Armenian majority of the Nagorno-Karabakh region formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Artsakh
Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh () or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (),, is a list of states with limited recognition, breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Artsakh controls a part of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, including the capital of Stepanakert. It is an Enclave and exclave, enclave within Azerbaijan. Its only overland access route to Armenia is via the wide Lachin corridor which is under the control of Russian peacekeepers. The predominantly Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh was claimed by both the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia when both countries became independent in 1918 after the fall of the Russian Empire, and a brief war over the region broke out in 1920. The dispute was largely shelved after the Soviet Union established control over the area, and created the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) within the Aze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
