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Geronimo Aclan
Geronimo ( apm, Goyaałé, , ; June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a prominent leader and medicine man from the Bedonkohe band of the Ndendahe Apache people. From 1850 to 1886, Geronimo joined with members of three other Central Apache bands the Tchihende, the Tsokanende (called Chiricahua by Americans) and the Nednhito carry out numerous raids, as well as fight against Mexican and U.S. military campaigns in the northern Mexico states of Chihuahua and Sonora and in the southwestern American territories of New Mexico and Arizona. Geronimo's raids and related combat actions were a part of the prolonged period of the Apache–United States conflict, which started with the American invasion of Apache lands following the end of the war with Mexico in 1848. Reservation life was confining to the free-moving Apache people, and they resented restrictions on their customary way of life. Geronimo led breakouts from the reservations in attempts to return his people to their previou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Rinehart
Frank Albert Rinehart (February 12, 1861 – December 17, 1928) was an American photographer who captured Native Americans in the United States, Native American personalities and scenes, especially portrait settings of leaders and members of the delegations who attended the 1898 Indian Congress in Omaha, Nebraska, Omaha. Biography German American Rinehart was born in Maple Park, Illinois, Lodi (now Maple Park), Illinois. He and his brother, Alfred, moved to Colorado in the 1870s and found employment at the Charles Bohm photography studio, in Denver. In 1881 the Rinehart brothers formed a partnership with Western photographer William Henry Jackson, who had achieved widespread fame for his images of the West. Under Jackson's teachings, Rinehart's perfected his professional skills, and developed a keen interest in Native American culture. Frank Rinehart and Anna, the receptionist of Jackson's studio, married and in 1885 moved to Nebraska. In downtown Omaha, Rinehart opened a studio in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bureau Of Indian Affairs
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and Alaska Natives, and administering and managing over of land held in trust by the U.S. federal government for Indian Tribes. It renders services to roughly 2 million indigenous Americans across 574 federally recognized tribes. The BIA is governed by a director and overseen by the assistant secretary for Indian affairs, who answers to the secretary of the interior. The BIA works with tribal governments to help administer law enforcement and justice; promote development in agriculture, infrastructure, and the economy; enhance tribal governance; manage natural resources; and generally advance the quality of life in tribal communities. Educational services are provided by Bureau of Indian Education—the only other agency under the assistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangas Coloradas
Mangas Coloradas or Mangus-Colorado (La-choy Ko-kun-noste, alias "Red Sleeve"), or Dasoda-hae ("He Just Sits There") (c. 1793 – January 18, 1863) was an Apache tribal chief and a member of the Mimbreño (Tchihende) division of the Central Apaches, whose homeland stretched west from the Rio Grande to include most of what is present-day southwestern New Mexico. He was the father-in-law of Chiricahua (Tsokanende) chief Cochise, Mimbreño chief Victorio, and Mescalero (Sehende) chief Kutu-hala or Kutbhalla (probably to be identified with Caballero). He is regarded as one of the most important Native American leaders of the 19th century because of his fighting achievements against the Mexicans and Americans. The name ''Mangas Coloradas'' (''Red Sleeve'') is the Spanish language adaptation of his Apache nickname Kan-da-zis Tlishishen ("Red Shirt" or "Pink Shirt"). Named A Bedonkohe (''Bi-dan-ku'' – 'In Front of the End People', ''Bi-da-a-naka-enda'' – 'Standing in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opata
The Opata (written Ópata in Spanish, pronounced with stress on the first syllable: /ˈopata/) are three indigenous peoples of Mexico. Opata territory, the “Opatería” in Spanish, encompasses the mountainous northeast and central part of the state of Sonora, extending to near the border with the United States. Most Opatan towns were situated in river valleys and had an economy based on irrigated agriculture. In the 16th century, when they first met the Spanish explorers, the Opata were the most numerous people in Sonora. Today, some people continue to identify as Opatas and are working to restore aspects of pre-contact Opata culture, and revitalize Opata identity. Some sources indicate that as an identifiable ethnic group, the Opata and their language are now extinct, or nearly extinct. Subgroups At the time of the first contact with the Spanish in the 16th century there were multiple sub-groups of Opata people. However, by the mid 17th century the Spanish identified only th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fronteras
Fronteras is the seat of Fronteras Municipality in the northeastern part of the Mexican state of Sonora. Frontera translates as Border. The elevation is 1,120 meters and neighboring municipalities are Agua Prieta, Nacozari and Bacoachi. The area is 2839.62 km2, which represents 1.53% of the state total. Fronteras was founded by the Jesuits as a mission in 1645. Geography Fronteras is located in a mountainous area on the west side of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The average annual temperature is 16.9 °C. The rainy season is from July to August and the average annual rainfall is 427.5 millimeters. Demographics and industry The municipal population was 7,081 (2.34 /km2) in 2000, although in a second counting in 2005 this had increased to 7,470. The most important settlement and the municipal seat had 874 inhabitants in 2000. Industry is the most important economic activity together with agriculture and cattle raising. There was one ''maquiladora'' in 2000. The main ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janos, Chihuahua
Janos is a town located in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua. It serves as the municipal seat of government for the surrounding Janos Municipality of the same name. As of 2010, the town of Janos had a population of 2,738. Janos was possibly the site of a Franciscan mission established about 1640 and destroyed by Indian attack in the 1680s. The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in Janos in 1686 which became a key element in the Spanish attempt to suppress raids and attacks by the Apache people. Several hundred Apaches often lived near the presidio during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. History In his ''Memorial of 1630'' Franciscan missionary Alonso de Benavides mentions the Janos ("Hanos") and Suma among the "ferocious tribes" living along the caravan route between Spanish settlements in Mexico and New Mexico. In 1640, a mission called Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de los Janos was established to Christianize these and other tribes of Native Americans. The ini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidio
A presidio ( en, jail, fortification) was a fortified base established by the Spanish Empire around between 16th century, 16th and 18th century, 18th centuries in areas in condition of their control or influence. The presidios of Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Philippines in particular, were centers where the martial art of Arnis, Arnis de Mano was developed from Spanish cut-and-thrust fencing style. The term is derived from the Latin word ''praesidium'' meaning ''protection'' or ''defense''. In the Mediterranean and the Philippines, the presidios were outposts of Christian defense against Islamic raids. In the Americas, the Fortification, fortresses were built to protect against raid of pirates, rival colonists, as well as Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native Americans. Later in western North America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plains Apache
The Plains Apache are a small Southern Athabaskan group who live on the Southern Plains of North America, in close association with the linguistically unrelated Kiowa Tribe. Today, they are centered in Southwestern Oklahoma and Northern Texas and are federally recognized as the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma. Name The Plains Apache are also known as the Kiowa Apache, Naʼisha, or Na i sha Tindé, meaning "thieves" as the old meaning. However, in more recent times the negative meaning (thief) is beginning to be replaced by just ''Na i sha.''Pritzker, 295 They also used the term Kalth Tindé or γát dìndé meaning "cedar people" or Bá-ca-yé meaning "whetstone people". To their close allies, the much larger Kiowa tribe, who speak a completely unrelated language, they were known as Semat meaning "stealers." At major tribal events, the Kiowa Apache formed part of the Kiowa tribal "hoop" (ring of tipis). This may explain why the Kiowa named the Kiowa Apache Taugui meaning "sitting outsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipan Apache People
Lipan Apache are a band of Apache, a Southern Athabaskan Indigenous people, who have lived in the Southwest and Southern Plains for centuries. At the time of European and African contact, they lived in New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and northern Mexico. Historically, they were the easternmost band of Apache.Swanton, ''The Indian Tribes of North America'', p. 301 Early adopters of horse culture and peyotism, the Lipan Apache hunted bison and farmed. Many Lipan Apache descendants today are enrolled members of the Mescalero Apache Tribe in New Mexico.Mescalero Apache Research Report (2020), p. 3. Other Lipan descendants are enrolled with the Tonkawa Tribe of Indians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jicarilla Apache
Jicarilla Apache (, Jicarilla language: Jicarilla Dindéi), one of several loosely organized autonomous bands of the Eastern Apache, refers to the members of the Jicarilla Apache Nation currently living in New Mexico and speaking a Southern Athabaskan language. The term ''jicarilla'' comes from Mexican Spanish meaning "little basket", referring to the small sealed baskets they used as drinking vessels. To neighboring Apache bands, such as the Mescalero and Lipan, they were known as ''Kinya-Inde'' ("People who live in fixed houses"). The Jicarilla called themselves also ''Haisndayin'' translated as "people who came from below". because they believed themselves to be the sole descendants of the first people to emerge from the underworld, the abode of Ancestral Man and Ancestral Woman, who produced the first people. The Jicarilla believed ''Hascin'', their chief deity, was responsible for the creation of Ancestral Man and Ancestral Woman and also for the creation of the animals and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mescalero
Mescalero or Mescalero Apache ( apm, Naa'dahéńdé) is an Apache tribe of Southern Athabaskan–speaking Native Americans. The tribe is federally recognized as the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Apache Reservation, located in south-central New Mexico. In the 19th century, the Mescalero opened their reservation to other Apache tribes, such as the Mimbreno (Chíhéńde, Warm Springs Apaches) and the Chiricahua (Shá'i'á-ńde or Chidikáágu). Some Lipan Apache (Tú 'édì-néńde and Tú ntsaa-ńde) also joined the reservation. Their descendants are enrolled in the Mescalero Apache Tribe. Reservation Originally established on May 27, 1873, by executive order of President Ulysses S. Grant, the reservation was first located near Fort Stanton (Zhúuníidu). The present reservation was established in 1883. It has a land area of 1,862.463 km² (719.101 sq mi), almost entirely in Otero County. The 463,000-acre reservation lies on the eastern flank of the Sacr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiricahua
Chiricahua ( ) is a band of Apache Native Americans. Based in the Southern Plains and Southwestern United States, the Chiricahua (Tsokanende ) are related to other Apache groups: Ndendahe (Mogollon, Carrizaleño), Tchihende (Mimbreño), Sehende (Mescalero), Lipan, Salinero, Plains, and Western Apache. Chiricahua historically shared a common area, language, customs, and intertwined family relations with their fellow Apaches. At the time of European contact, they had a territory of 15 million acres (61,000 km2) in Southwestern New Mexico and Southeastern Arizona in the United States and in Northern Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico. Today Chiricahua are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes in the United States: the Fort Sill Apache Tribe, located near Apache, Oklahoma, with a small reservation outside Deming, New Mexico; the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation near Ruidoso, New Mexico; and the San Carlos Apache Tribe in southeastern Arizona. Name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
