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Georges Yvetot
Georges Louis François Yvetot (20 July 1868 – 11 May 1942) was a French typographer, anarcho-syndicalist and anti-militarist. He was secretary general of the '' Fédération des Bourses de travail'' (Federation of Workers' Councils) and deputy secretary general of the ''Confédération générale du travail'' (CGT – General Confederation of Labour) in the period leading up to World War I (1914–18). He kept a low profile during the war, and in 1918 was dismissed from the CGT leadership. After the war he contributed to many anarchist journals. He died in poverty during World War II (1939–45). Early years Georges Louis François Yvetot was born in Paris on 20 July 1868 to a father of Norman origin. He was born in the Minimes barracks, where his father was a gendarme. His mother died, and then his father, while he was young. He was raised by the Brothers of Christian Doctrine and the Auteuil center for orphan apprentices, where he trained as a typographer from 1880 to 1887. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, Fashion capital, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called Caput Mundi#Paris, the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France Regions of France, region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Havre
Le Havre (, ; nrf, Lé Hâvre ) is a port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux, very close to the Prime Meridian. Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen. After Reims, it is also the second largest subprefecture in France. The name ''Le Havre'' means "the harbour" or "the port". Its inhabitants are known as ''Havrais'' or ''Havraises''. The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. Economic development in the Early modern period was hampered by religious wars, conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and the port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collaborationist
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime, and in the words of historian Gerhard Hirschfeld, "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory". The term ''collaborator'' dates to the 19th century and was used in France during the Napoleonic Wars. The meaning shifted during World War II to designate traitorous collaboration with the enemy. The related term ''collaborationism'' is used by historians restricted to a subset of wartime collaborators in Vichy France who actively promoted German victory. Etymology The term ''collaborate'' dates from 1871, and is a back-formation from collaborator (1802), from the French ''collaborateur'' as used during the Napoleonic Wars against smugglers trading with England and assisting in the escape of monarchists, and is itself derived from the Latin ''collaboratus'', past participle of ''collaborare'' "work with", from ''com''- "with" + ''labore'' "to work". The meaning of "traito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Journal
''Le Journal'' (The Journal) was a Paris daily newspaper published from 1892 to 1944 in a small, four-page format. Background It was founded and edited by Fernand Arthur Pierre Xau until 1899. It was bought and managed by the family of Henri Letellier in 1899 and became "the most Parisian, the most literary, and the most boulevardier of the newspapers of Paris" (Simon Arbellot, see Curnonsky). During World War I, ''Le Journal'' was at the center of an intrigue involving Paul Bolo, the essence of which was that the German government was alleged to be attempting to gain influence in France and promote pacifist propaganda by buying French newspapers. It is understood that during part of its existence it was located at 100 Rue Richelieu Paris. Source - Contemporary Medallion ( undated ). After the fall of Paris on 14 June 1940, it fell back to Limoges, then Marseille, then Limoges again, and finally Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étretat
Étretat () is a Communes of France, commune in the Seine-Maritime Departments of France, department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy Regions of France, region of Northwestern France. It is a Tourism, tourist and Agriculture, farming town situated about northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D 940, D 11 and D 139 roads. It is located on the coast of the Pays de Caux area. In 2017, it had a population of 1,291. The cliffs Étretat is best known for its chalk cliffs, including three natural arches and a pointed formation called ''L'Aiguille'' or the Needle, which rises above the sea. The Etretat Chalk Complex, as it is known, consists of a complex stratigraphy of Turonian and Coniacian chalks. Some of the cliffs are as high as . These cliffs and the associated resort beach attracted artists including Eugène Boudin, Charles Daubigny, Gustave Courbet and Claude Monet. They were featured prominently in the 1909 Arsène Lupin novel ''The Hollow Needle'' by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salle Wagram
The Salle Wagram is a historic auditorium in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was built in 1865. It has been listed as an official historical monument by the French Ministry of Culture since March 2, 1981. First built in 1812 as the Bal Dourlans, the huge ballroom was designed by Adrien Alphonse Fleuret, and has been the setting for international congresses, political conferences, fashion exhibitions and dance competitions.Holoman, D. Kern. ''The Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, 1828–1967.'' Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p490. From the 1950s the hall was much used as a classical recording venue, including a Beethoven symphony cycle with the Paris Conservatoire Orchestra conducted by Carl Schuricht, Stravinsky ballets with the same orchestra under Pierre Monteux, the complete ''Carmen'' with Maria Callas and Nicolai Gedda, and in the 1990s for many Poulenc recordings with the French National Orchestra under Charles Dutoit.Philip Stuart. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonse Merrheim
Alphonse Adolphe Merrheim (7 May 1871 – 23 October 1923) was a French copper smith and trade union leader. Early years Alphonse Adolphe Merrheim was born on 7 May 1871 in La Madeleine, Nord, a suburb of Lille. He became a coppersmith, and adopted revolutionary syndicalist views. He arrived in Paris in 1904, and soon after met Pierre Monatte at the office of ''Pages Libres''. The two men would work together to launch '' La Vie Ouvrière (The Worker's Life)''. Bourchet was secretary of the copper workers' union, and when it merged with the metalworker's union, he became head of the combined union. Bourchet resigned abruptly, and Merrheim was persuaded to take on the leadership. He became secretary of the ''Fédération des Métaux'' (Federation of metalworkers) in 1905. Merrheim was immediately thrown into dealing with strikes at Cluses, Hennebont and Meurthe-et-Moselle. He discovered the power of the employers and the need to strengthen the labor unions and to coordinate the diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Jouhaux
Léon Jouhaux (1 July 1879 – 28 April 1954) was a French trade union leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951. Biography Jouhaux was born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis, France. Jouhaux's father worked in a match factory in Aubervilliers. His secondary schooling ended when his father's earnings were stopped by a strike. He gained employment at the factory at age sixteen and immediately became an important part of the union. In 1900, after serving a brief mandatory military sentence in French Algeria, Jouhaux joined a strike against the use of the white phosphorus that blinded his father, was dismissed, and worked at a succession of jobs until union influence saw him reinstated. In 1906, he was elected by the local union as a representative to the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), where his abilities saw him quickly rise through the ranks of organized labour. By 1909 he became interim treasurer, and shortly afterwards became secretary-general of the organization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Hervé
Gustave Hervé (Brest, January 2, 1871 – Paris, October 25, 1944) was a French politician. At first, he was a fervent antimilitarist socialist and pacifist, but he later turned to equally zealous ultranationalism, declaring his ''patriotisme'' in 1912 when released from 26 months of imprisonment for anti-militarist publishing activities.David Cottington, ''Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-garde and Politics in Paris, 1905-1914'' (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998), p. 35. Career In 1901 Gustave Hervé had attained notoriety with an apparent image of the tricolor planted in a dungpile. Soon he forged a prominent antimilitarist movement called Hervéism. When France's socialist parties united in 1905, Hervé led the most extreme faction. Soon Hervéists created a weekly newspaper, ''La Guerre sociale'', which attempted to unite the extreme French left. Before World War I Hervé was one of the most strident voices within both French socialism and the Second I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Almereyda
Eugène Bonaventure Jean-Baptiste Vigo (known as Miguel Almereyda; 5 January 1883 – 14 August 1917) was a French journalist and activist against militarism. He was first an anarchist and then a socialist. He founded and wrote in the newspaper ''La Guerre sociale'' and the satirical weekly '' Le Bonnet rouge''. During World War I (1914–18) he engaged in dubious business dealings that brought him considerable wealth. He became engaged in a struggle against right-wing forces, and was eventually arrested on the grounds of being a German agent. He died in prison at the age of 34, almost certainly murdered. He was the father of the film director Jean Vigo. Early years Eugène Bonaventure Jean-Baptiste Vigo was born on 5 January 1883 in Béziers, Hérault, France. His father was engaged in trade, born in Saillagouse, and his mother Marguerite Aimée Sales was a seamstress from Perpignan. The family originated in Err, Pyrénées-Orientales. His grandfather, from a family of minor nobi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association Internationale Antimilitariste
The ''Association internationale antimilitariste'' (''AIA''; International Anti-Militarist Association) was a pacifist association founded in Amsterdam in 1904 that was dedicated to fighting militarism. Although technically open to all political views, it was dominated by anarchists. The members agreed that the workers should revolt if war were declared, but disagreed on whether soldiers should desert. They were subjected to police surveillance and arrests. By 1908 the association had few remaining members. Background In December 1902 Georges Yvetot was one of the founders of the ''Ligue antimilitariste'', along with fellow anarchists Henri Beylie, Paraf-Javal, Albert Libertad and Émile Janvion. The ''Ligue antimilitariste'' was to become the French section of the ''Association internationale antimilitariste'' (AIA). Beylie was secretary-treasurer of the league. In 1903 he published the brochure ''Le militarisme. Ses causes, ses conséquences, les moyens de le combattre''. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Janvion
Émile Janvion (10 April 1866 – 21 July 1927) was a French teacher, an anarcho-syndicalist leader, a founder of the ''Confédération générale du travail'' (CGT) and a leader of the anti-militarist movement. He came to hold national syndicalist views that prefigured fascism. He was anti-Semitic, hostile to freemasonry, hostile to the republic and flirted with monarchism. However his main goal was the nationalization of the land and of the means of production. Life Early years Émile Janvion was born on 10 April 1866 in Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire. He was given the nickname "''Pisse-vinaigre''" (vinegar piss). In 1893 he founded the first syndicate of employees of the prefecture. Janvion was one of the founders of the ''Confédération Générale du Travail'', (CGT – General Confederation of Labor). In 1896 he contributed towards the Parisian anarchist newspaper ''Le Père Duchêne''. In 1897 Janvion and Jean Degalvès founded the ''Ligue d'enseignement libertaire'' (League of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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