|
Georges Humbert
Marie Georges Humbert (7 January 1859 Paris, France – 22 January 1921 Paris, France) was a French mathematician who worked on Kummer surfaces and the Appell–Humbert theorem and introduced Humbert surfaces. His son was the mathematician Pierre Humbert. He won the Poncelet Prize of the Académie des Sciences in 1891. He studied at the École Polytechnique. He was the brother-in-law of Charles Mangin. WorksApplication de la théorie des fonctions fuchsiennes à l'étude des courbes algébriques Journal de mathematiques pure et appliquées, 4th Series, Vol. 2, 1886, pp. 239–328Online, pdf*Pierre Humbert, Gaston Julia Gaston Maurice Julia (3 February 1893 – 19 March 1978) was a French Algerian mathematician who devised the formula for the Julia set. His works were popularized by French mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot; the Julia and Mandelbrot fractals are ... (Editor): Georges Humbert- Oeuvres, Gauthier-Villars 1929 *Cours d'Analyse, 2 volumes, Gauthier-Villars 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis, respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of properties of abstract objects and the use of pure reason to prove them. These objects consist of either abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicsentities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. A ''proof'' consists of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting poin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Humbert (mathematician)
Pierre Humbert (13 June 1891, Paris – 17 November 1953, Montpellier) was a French mathematician who worked on the theory of elliptic functions and introduced Humbert polynomials. He was the son of the mathematician Georges Humbert and married the daughter of Henri Andoyer. Pierre Humbert was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 in Bologna. See also *Humbert series PublicationsIntroduction à l'études des fonctions elliptiques, à l'usage des étudiants des facultés des sciences Paris, Hermann 1922 *with Henri Andoyer: Histoire de la Nation Française. Tome XIV, Histoire des Sciences en France; première partie, Histoire des Mathématiques, de la Mécanique et de l'Astronomie. Paris 1924 *Calcul Symbolique, Paris, Hermann 1934 *with Serge Colombo: Le calcul symbolique et ses applications à la physique mathématique, Paris, Gauthier-Villars 1949, 2nd edn. 1965 *Potentiels et Prepotentiels, Gauthier-Villars 1937 *Exercises numeriques d´ astronomie, Paris 1933 *L´Oeuvre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kummer Surface
In algebraic geometry, a Kummer quartic surface, first studied by , is an irreducible nodal surface of degree 4 in \mathbb^3 with the maximal possible number of 16 double points. Any such surface is the Kummer variety of the Jacobian variety of a smooth hyperelliptic curve of genus 2; i.e. a quotient of the Jacobian by the Kummer involution ''x'' ↦ −''x''. The Kummer involution has 16 fixed points: the 16 2-torsion point of the Jacobian, and they are the 16 singular points of the quartic surface. Resolving the 16 double points of the quotient of a (possibly nonalgebraic) torus by the Kummer involution gives a K3 surface with 16 disjoint rational curves; these K3 surfaces are also sometimes called Kummer surfaces. Other surfaces closely related to Kummer surfaces include Weddle surfaces, wave surfaces, and tetrahedroids. Geometry of the Kummer surface Singular quartic surfaces and the double plane model Let K\subset\mathbb^3 be a quartic surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appell–Humbert Theorem
In mathematics, the Appell–Humbert theorem describes the line bundles on a complex torus or complex abelian variety. It was proved for 2-dimensional tori by and , and in general by Statement Suppose that T is a complex torus given by V/\Lambda where \Lambda is a lattice in a complex vector space V. If H is a Hermitian form on V whose imaginary part E = \text(H) is integral on \Lambda\times\Lambda, and \alpha is a map from \Lambda to the unit circle U(1) = \, called a semi-character, such that :\alpha(u+v) = e^\alpha(u)\alpha(v)\ then : \alpha(u)e^\ is a 1-cocycle of \Lambda defining a line bundle on T. For the trivial Hermitian form, this just reduces to a character. Note that the space of character morphisms is isomorphic with a real torus\text_(\Lambda,U(1)) \cong \mathbb^/\mathbb^if \Lambda \cong \mathbb^ since any such character factors through \mathbb composed with the exponential map. That is, a character is a map of the form\text(2\pi i \langle l^*, -\rangle )for s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humbert Surface
In algebraic geometry, a Humbert surface, studied by , is a surface in the moduli space of principally polarized abelian surfaces consisting of the surfaces with a symmetric endomorphism of some fixed discriminant In mathematics, the discriminant of a polynomial is a quantity that depends on the coefficients and allows deducing some properties of the roots without computing them. More precisely, it is a polynomial function of the coefficients of the origi .... References * * Humbert, G., ''Sur les fonctionnes abéliennes singulières.'' I, II, III. J. Math. Pures Appl. serie 5, t. V, 233–350 (1899); t. VI, 279–386 (1900); t. VII, 97–123 (1901) Algebraic surfaces Complex surfaces {{algebraic-geometry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poncelet Prize
The Poncelet Prize (french: Prix Poncelet) is awarded by the French Academy of Sciences. The prize was established in 1868 by the widow of General Jean-Victor Poncelet for the advancement of the sciences. It was in the amount of 2,000 francs (as of 1868), mostly for the work in applied mathematics. The precise wording of the announcement by the academy varied from year to year and required the work be "in mechanics", or "for work contributing to the progress of pure or applied mathematics", or simply "in applied mathematics", and sometimes included condition that the work must be "done during the ten years preceding the award." 19th century * (1868) Alfred Clebsch * (1869) Julius von Mayer * (1870) Camille Jordan * (1871) Joseph Boussinesq * (1872) Amédée Mannheim, "for the general excellence of his geometrical disquisitions." * (1873) William Thomson, "for his magnificent works on the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism." * (1874) Jacques Bresse, "for his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Académie Des Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences. Currently headed by Patrick Flandrin (President of the Academy), it is one of the five Academies of the Institut de France. History The Academy of Sciences traces its origin to Colbert's plan to create a general academy. He chose a small group of scholars who met on 22 December 1666 in the King's library, near the present-day Bibliothèque Nationals, and thereafter held twice-weekly working meetings there in the two rooms assigned to the group. The first 30 years of the Academy's existence were relatively informal, since no statutes had as yet been laid down for the institution. In contrast to its Briti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Polytechnique
École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plate ... flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoie, a French commune * École-Valentin, a French commune in the Doubs département * Grandes écoles, higher education establishments in France * The École, a French-American bilingual school in New York City Ecole may refer to: * Ecole Software, a Japanese video-games developer/publisher {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brother-in-law
A sibling-in-law is the spouse of one's sibling, or the sibling of one's spouse, or the person who is married to the sibling of one's spouse.Cambridge Dictionaries Online.Family: non-blood relations. More commonly, a sibling-in-law is referred to as a brother-in-law for a male sibling-in-law, and a sister-in-law for a female one. Sibling-in-law also refers to the reciprocal relationship between a person's spouse and their sibling's spouse. In Indian English this can be referred to as a co-sibling (specifically a co-sister, for the wife of one's sibling-in-law, or co-brother, for the husband of one's sibling-in-law). Relationships Siblings-in-law are related by a type of kinship called '' affinity'' like all in-law relationships. All of these are relations which do not relate to the person directly by blood. Just like the children of one's siblings, the children of one's siblings-in-law are called simply ''nieces'' and ''nephews'' – if necessary, specified whether "by ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Mangin
Charles Emmanuel Marie Mangin (6 July 1866 – 12 May 1925) was a French general during World War I. Early career Charles Mangin was born on 6 July 1866 in Sarrebourg. After initially failing to gain entrance to Saint-Cyr, he joined the 77th Infantry Regiment in 1885. He reapplied and was accepted in Saint-Cyr in 1886 attaining the rank of Sub-Lieutenant in 1888. He joined the 1st Marine Infantry Regiment based in Cherbourg. He was sent to Sudan, serving under Jean-Baptiste Marchand and gained further experience in Mali, French North Africa. During this period he learnt Bambara, the lingua-franca of Mali. He was wounded three times and returned to France in 1892. In 1893 he was made a Knight of the Legion d'honneur. In 1898, Mangin joined Marchand on his expedition to Fashoda with children in tow. In 1900 he attained the rank of Officer of the Legion d'honneur. He was given the command of a battalion in Tonkin from 1901 to 1904. He was then promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Julia
Gaston Maurice Julia (3 February 1893 – 19 March 1978) was a French Algerian mathematician who devised the formula for the Julia set. His works were popularized by French mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot; the Julia and Mandelbrot fractals are closely related. He founded, independently with Pierre Fatou, the modern theory of holomorphic dynamics. Military service Julia was born in the Algerian town of Sidi Bel Abbes, at the time governed by the French. During his youth, he had an interest in mathematics and music. His studies were interrupted at the age of 21, when France became involved in World War I and Julia was conscripted to serve with the army. During an attack he suffered a severe injury, losing his nose. His many operations to remedy the situation were all unsuccessful, and for the rest of his life he resigned himself to wearing a leather strap around the area where his nose had been. Career in mathematics Julia gained attention for his mathematical work at the age o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century French Mathematicians
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
