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Generalized Taxicab Number
In mathematics, the generalized taxicab number ''Taxicab''(''k'', ''j'', ''n'') is the smallest number — if it exists — that can be expressed as the sum of ''j'' ''k''th positive powers in ''n'' different ways. For ''k'' = 3 and ''j'' = 2, they coincide with taxicab numbers. :\mathrm(1, 2, 2) = 4 = 1 + 3 = 2 + 2. :\mathrm(2, 2, 2) = 50 = 1^2 + 7^2 = 5^2 + 5^2. :\mathrm(3, 2, 2) = 1729 = 1^3 + 12^3 = 9^3 + 10^3 — famously stated by Ramanujan. Euler showed that :\mathrm(4, 2, 2) = 635318657 = 59^4 + 158^4 = 133^4 + 134^4. However, ''Taxicab''(5, 2, ''n'') is not known for any ''n'' ≥ 2:No positive integer is known that can be written as the sum of two 5th powers in more than one way, and it is not known whether such a number exists. The largest variable of \mathrm a^5+b^5=c^5+d^5 must be at least 3450. See also *Cabtaxi number In mathematics, the ''n''-th cabtaxi number, typically denoted Cabtaxi(''n''), is defined as the smallest positive integ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis, respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of properties of abstract objects and the use of pure reason to prove them. These objects consist of either abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicsentities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. A ''proof'' consists of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting points of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxicab Number
In mathematics, the ''n''th taxicab number, typically denoted Ta(''n'') or Taxicab(''n''), also called the ''n''th Hardy–Ramanujan number, is defined as the smallest integer that can be expressed as a sum of two ''positive'' integer cubes in ''n'' distinct ways. The most famous taxicab number is 1729 = Ta(2) = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103. The name is derived from a conversation in about 1919 involving mathematicians G. H. Hardy and Srinivasa Ramanujan. As told by Hardy: History and definition The concept was first mentioned in 1657 by Bernard Frénicle de Bessy, who published the Hardy–Ramanujan number Ta(2) = 1729. This particular example of 1729 was made famous in the early 20th century by a story involving Srinivasa Ramanujan. In 1938, G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright proved that such numbers exist for all positive integers ''n'', and their proof is easily converted into a program to generate such numbers. However, the proof makes no claims at all about whether the thus-generated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1729 (number)
1729 is the natural number following 1728 and preceding 1730. It is a taxicab number, and is variously known as Ramanujan's number and the Ramanujan-Hardy number, after an anecdote of the British mathematician G. H. Hardy when he visited Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan in hospital. He related their conversation: The two different ways are: : 1729 = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103 The quotation is sometimes expressed using the term "positive cubes", since allowing negative perfect cubes (the cube of a negative integer) gives the smallest solution as 91 (which is a divisor of 1729; 1991 = 1729). :91 = 63 + (−5)3 = 43 + 33 Numbers that are the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in ''n'' distinct ways have been dubbed "taxicab numbers". The number was also found in one of Ramanujan's notebooks dated years before the incident, and was noted by Frénicle de Bessy in 1657. A commemorative plaque now appears at the site of the Ramanujan-Hardy inciden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euler
Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy and music theory. Euler is held to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all." Carl Friedrich Gauss remarked: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it." Euler is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integer
An integer is the number zero (), a positive natural number (, , , etc.) or a negative integer with a minus sign (−1, −2, −3, etc.). The negative numbers are the additive inverses of the corresponding positive numbers. In the language of mathematics, the set of integers is often denoted by the boldface or blackboard bold \mathbb. The set of natural numbers \mathbb is a subset of \mathbb, which in turn is a subset of the set of all rational numbers \mathbb, itself a subset of the real numbers \mathbb. Like the natural numbers, \mathbb is countably infinite. An integer may be regarded as a real number that can be written without a fractional component. For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are integers, while 9.75, , and are not. The integers form the smallest group and the smallest ring containing the natural numbers. In algebraic number theory, the integers are sometimes qualified as rational integers to distinguish them from the more general algebraic integers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabtaxi Number
In mathematics, the ''n''-th cabtaxi number, typically denoted Cabtaxi(''n''), is defined as the smallest positive integer that can be written as the sum of two ''positive or negative or 0'' cubes in ''n'' ways. Such numbers exist for all ''n'', which follows from the analogous result for taxicab numbers. Known cabtaxi numbers Only 10 cabtaxi numbers are known : :\begin\mathrm(1)&=&1&=&1^3 + 0^3\end :\begin\mathrm(2)&=&91&=&3^3 + 4^3 \\&&&=&6^3 - 5^3\end :\begin\mathrm(3)&=&728&=&6^3 + 8^3 \\&&&=&9^3 - 1^3 \\&&&=&12^3 - 10^3\end :\begin\mathrm(4)&=&2741256&=&108^3 + 114^3 \\&&&=&140^3 - 14^3 \\&&&=&168^3 - 126^3 \\&&&=&207^3 - 183^3\end :\begin\mathrm(5)&=&6017193&=&166^3 + 113^3 \\&&&=&180^3 + 57^3 \\&&&=&185^3 - 68^3 \\&&&=&209^3 - 146^3 \\&&&=&246^3 - 207^3\end :\begin\mathrm(6)&=&1412774811&=&963^3 + 804^3 \\&&&=&1134^3 - 357^3 \\&&&=&1155^3 - 504^3 \\&&&=&1246^3 - 805^3 \\&&&=&2115^3 - 2004^3 \\&&&=&4746^3 - 4725^3\end :\begin\mathrm(7)&=&11302198488&=&1926^3 + 1608^3 \ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Number Theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic function, integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."German original: "Die Mathematik ist die Königin der Wissenschaften, und die Arithmetik ist die Königin der Mathematik." Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects made out of integers (for example, rational numbers) or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example, algebraic integers). Integers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations (Diophantine geometry). Questions in number theory are often best understood through the study of Complex analysis, analytical objects (for example, the Riemann zeta function) that encode properties of the integers, primes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
