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Gemen Castle
Gemen was an Imperial immediacy, immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire), Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipality of Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia, Borken, western North Rhine-Westphalia. Gemen is first mentioned in 962. In 1282, Gemen became a fief of the Duchy of Cleves, Counts of Cleves. The line of the Lords of Gemen became extinct in 1492, and Gemen passed to the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein#Holstein-Pinneberg, Counts of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg through the heiress Cordula of Gemen, to form the County of Schaumburg and Gemen. In 1640, the immediate lordship of Gemen passed for two centuries to the Counts of Limburg Stirum. In a partition in 1644, Gemen passed to the line of Limburg-Styrum-Gemen, Limburg Stirum Gemen, then in 1782, with extinction of Gemen branch of the Hou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holstein-Pinneberg
The County of Holstein-Pinneberg (), also known as the County of Schauenburg and Holstein-Pinneberg (), was a small territory which existed from 1290 until 1640, centred around Pinneberg in modern-day Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Rise and fall of the county Holstein-Pinneberg was one of the territories partitioned from the County of Holstein-Itzehoe (the others being Holstein-Rendsburg and Holstein-Plön) following the death of Gerhard I. This resulted in the Pinneberg line of the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein, who were called Holstein-Pinneberg or Holstein-Schauenburg. The Schauenburgs (later, on the Weser, called the Schaumburgs) ruled over the County of Schaumburg (which became a principality in 1620) and over Holstein-Pinneberg. In 1375, Prince-Archbishop Albert II of Bremen mortgaged the Haseldorfer Marsh to Adolphus VII. The prince-archbishop of Bremen later failed to redeem the mortgage, and the Haseldorfer Marsh has been part of Holstein ever since. Whereas in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speyer
Speyer (, older spelling ''Speier'', French: ''Spire,'' historical English: ''Spires''; pfl, Schbaija) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lies south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, and south-west of Heidelberg. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral, a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel (''old gate'') dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings. The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Middle Ages, Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021. History The first known names were ''Noviomagus'' and ''Civitas Nemetum'', after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes, settled in the area. The name ''Spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Philip Of Limburg Stirum
August Philipp Karl of Limburg Stirum (1721–1797), count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, was the son of Otto Leopold Count von Limburg Styrum und Bronckhorst, Lord of Gemen and Raesfeld (1688–1754) and Anna Elisabeth countess of Schönborn (1686–1757). August Philipp was Prince-Bishop of Speyer and sovereign Lord zu Gemen from 1771 until 1797. Life At the age of 8 years, on 6 December 1729 Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg-Stirum pronounced his vows. One year later, on 6 December 1730, he was made Domicellar of Speyer by his uncle prince-bishop Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn. He started his theology studies in Rome in 1742, then continued in Würzburg. On 3 November 1753 he was named Subdeacon of the cathedral of Speyer, and two years later as Deacon. He succeeded Franz Christoph von Huttens as bishop on 25 May 1770. During his time as bishop, Damian August Philipp Karl von Limburg Stirum added new defensive walls to Bruchsal, as modern cannons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Karl Of Limburg Stirum
Friedrich Karl of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord of Gemen, son of Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum, was born in 1710. He was lord of Gemen between 1743 and 1771. He died in 1771 without descendants. Gemen passed to his brother A brother is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familia .... Friedrich Karl 1710 births 1771 deaths {{Germany-count-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Leopold Of Limburg Stirum
August von Limburg-Stirum. Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen and Raesfeld, was born in 1688 the son of Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum. He became lord zu Gemen in 1704 at the death of his father, and remained until his death in 1754. He also inherited from his grandfather Alexander IV count von Velen zu Raesfeld the Lordship of Raesfeld. He married in 1706 countess Anna Elisabeth von Schönborn (born 1686, died 1757) and they had issue: * Friedrich Karl, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen (born 1710, died 1771); * August Philipp Karl, Prince-Bishop of Speyer, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen Gemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipal ... (born 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Otto II Of Limburg Stirum
Field Marshal Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum (1 April 1646 – Donauwörth, 8 July 1704), count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen, was the son of Adolf Ernst of Limburg Stirum and an imperial Field Marshal. He inherited the immediate lordship of Gemen in 1675, being 18 years after the death of his father during which the regency on Gemen was exercised by his mother Isabella countess von Vehlen und Meggen zu Raesfeld. The reason for the regency is not known. On 15 September 1700, a decision by the Courts confirmed its succession right over Gemen. Military career He served in a Bayreuth regiment. In 1678 he was named commandant of an imperial regiment. After his nomination as General-Major in 1684 he distinguished himself several times in the wars against the Turcs. He became Field Marshal in 1696. in 1701 he fought in the War of the Spanish Succession in the service of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I against France and Bavaria. In 1703, he lost the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Ernst Of Limburg Stirum
Adolf Ernst of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Stirum, sovereign lord zu Gemen, son of Hermann Otto I of Limburg-Styrum. Adolf Ernst inherited the immediate lordship of Gemen at the death of his father in 1644, creating the Limburg-Styrum-Gemen branch of the family. He remained lord of Gemen until his death in 1657. He married in 1644 (Maria) Isabella countess von Vehlen und Meggen zu Raesfeld. She became regent of Gemen when Adolf Ernst was killed, until it passed to her eldest son in 1675. She died in 1692. They had eight children: * Hermann Otto, count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, Lord zu Gemen Gemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipal ... (killed in 1704); *Gottfried Ferdinand of Limburg Stirum, who died in 1677; * Maximilian Wilhelm of Limburg Stirum, died in 172 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Otto I Of Limburg
Hermann Otto I of Limburg-Styrum, count of Limburg and Bronckhorst, lord of Styrum, Gemen, Wisch and Borculo, and from 1640 to 1644 advocate of the imperial abbey of Vreden, was born in 1592, and died on 17 October 1644. He was the eldest son of Jobst of Limburg Stirum. Family He married baroness Anna Magdalena Spies von Büllesheim (1599–1659) in 1618 and had four children: *Otto, count of Limburg, Bronckhorst, Wisch and Borculo, hereditary banneret of the Principality of Guelders and of the county of Zutphen (born 1620, died 1679); *Adolf Ernst, count of Limburg Styrum, Sovereign Lord of Gemen (died 1657); *Moritz, count of Limburg and Bronkhorst, Lord of Styrum; and *Sophie Elisabeth (died 1686), who married Count Ferdinand Gottfried von Velen und Meggen. Military career Hermann Otto served in the armies of the Dutch Republic. He commanded Christian of Brunswick's rearguard at the Battle of Stadtlohn (1623)Peter H. Wilson, ''Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Mediatisation
German mediatisation (; german: deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major territorial restructuring that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany and the surrounding region by means of the mass mediatisation and secularisation of a large number of Imperial Estates. Most ecclesiastical principalities, free imperial cities, secular principalities, and other minor self-ruling entities of the Holy Roman Empire lost their independent status and were absorbed into the remaining states. By the end of the mediatisation process, the number of German states had been reduced from almost 300 to just 39. In the strict sense of the word, mediatisation consists in the subsumption of an immediate () state into another state, thus becoming ''mediate'' (), while generally leaving the dispossessed ruler with his private estates and a number of privileges and feudal rights, such as low justice. For convenience, historians use the term ''mediatisation'' for the entire restructuring process that to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limburg-Styrum-Styrum
Limburg-Styrum-Styrum was a County of medieval Germany, based in the Lordship of Styrum in modern North Rhine-Westphalia. Limburg-Styrum-Styrum was a partition of Limburg-Styrum in 1644. When the line of Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim became extinct in 1800, Limburg-Styrum-Styrum failed to inherit it and the Imperial Estate An Imperial State or Imperial Estate ( la, Status Imperii; german: Reichsstand, plural: ') was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet ('). Rulers of these Estates were able to exercise si ... of Gemen, which instead passed to the Barons of Boyneburg-Bömelberg. In 1806 Limburg-Styrum-Styrum was mediatised to the Grand Duchy of Berg. The line itself became extinct in 1809. Counts of Limburg-Styrum-Styrum (1644–1806) {{coord missing, North Rhine-Westphalia House of Limburg Counties of the Holy Roman Empire House of Limburg-Stirum States and territories disestablished in 1806 1806 disestablishme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand IV Of Limburg Stirum
Ferdinand IV August Carl Joseph Johannes Nepomuk Thaddeus, Count of Limburg-Stirum zu Illereichen, (24 September 1785-5 December 1800) was sovereign lord of the immediate lordship of Gemen. He was born in 1785, the son of Count Johann of Limburg Stirum and his wife Baroness Maria Walpurga vom Stain zu Rechtenstein. At the age of 13, when his grandfather Karl Josef of Limburg Stirum died, he inherited the immediate lordship of Gemen along with the associated seat on the Bench of Counts of Westphalia in the Imperial Diet. He also inherited the fortress of Simontornya in Hungary. With his death at the age of 15, the Gemen-branch of the House of Limburg Stirum became extinct. Historians assume that the Styrum-branch of the House of Limburg Stirum took over his seat in the Imperial Diet.Duke and Prince Jean Engelbert d'Arenberg, "The Lesser Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in the Napoleonic Era" dissertation, Washington, DC, 1950, published as Les Princes du St-Empire à l'époque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
