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Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (GSB) (also Goud or Gawd) are a Hindu Brahmin community of the north. The Konkani speaking Gaud Saraswat of Goa and southern India claim to be descendents of these Gaud Saraswat Brahmins of the north that migrated to Konkan from Gaud, as per the Skanda Purana. Their traditional occupation was trading. Etymology There are many interpretations on how the Gaud Saraswat Brahmins received the name "Gaud" and the information about it is scant. Authors Jose Patrocinio De Souza and Alfred D'Cruz interpreters that the word ''Gauda'' or ''Goud'' may have been taken from ''Ghaggar'', with ''Goud'' and ''Saraswat'' having the same meaning, that is an individual residing on the banks of river Saraswati. Scholars write that "Shenvi" and "Gaud Saraswat Brahmin" are synonyms. Historically, Jana Tschurenev states that the Shenvis were a community that claimed to be Brahmins. The name GSB is a modern construction based on newly curated caste history and origin legends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disruptive Editing
Disruption, disruptive, or disrupted may refer to: Business *Creative disruption, disruption concept in a creative context, introduced in 1992 by TBWA's chairman Jean-Marie Dru *Disruptive innovation, Clayton Christensen's theory of industry disruption by new technology or products Psychology and sociology *Disruptive behavior disorders, a class of mental health disorders *Disruptive physician, a physician whose obnoxious behaviour upsets patients or other staff *Social disruption, a radical alteration, transformation, dysfunction or breakdown of social life Other uses *Cell disruption is a method or process in cell biology for releasing biological molecules from inside a cell *''Disrupted: My Misadventure in the Start Up Bubble'', a 2016 book by Daniel Lyons *Disruption (adoption) is also the term for the cancellation of an adoption of a child before it is legally completed *Disruption (of schema), in the field of computer genetic algorithms *Disruption of 1843, the divergence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitpavan
The Chitpavan Brahmin or Konkanastha Brahmin is a Hindu Maharashtrian Brahmin community inhabiting Konkan, the coastal region of the state of Maharashtra. Initially working as messengers and spies in the late seventeenth century, the community came into prominence during the 18th century when the heirs of Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath became the de facto rulers of the Maratha empire. Until the 18th century, the Chitpavans were held in low esteem by the Deshastha, the older established Brahmin community of Maharashtra region. As per Jayant Lele, the influence of the Chitpavans in the Peshwa era as well as the British era has been greatly exaggerated because even during the time of the most prominent Peshwas, their political legitimacy and their intentions were not trusted by all levels of the administration, not even by Shivaji's successors. He adds that after the defeat of Peshwas in the Anglo-Mahratta wars, Chitpavans were the one of the Hindu communities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Areca Nut
''Areca'' is a genus of 51 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. The generic name ''Areca'' is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India. Usage The best-known member of the genus is '' A. catechu'', the areca nut palm. Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco. Areca nut is also popularly referred to as betel nut because of its usage for chewing with betel leaves. In Assam, areca nut is also known as ''tamul'' in the local dialect. Species (51 species) *''Areca abdulrahmanii'' J.Dransf. *''Areca ahmadii'' J.Dransf. *'' Areca andersonii'' J.Dransf. *''Areca gandamatu'' Sultan Mardan Plantation *''Areca arundinacea'' Becc. *''Areca brachypoda'' J.Dransf. *''Areca caliso'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese India
The State of India ( pt, Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (''Estado Português da Índia'', EPI) or simply Portuguese India (), was a state of the Portuguese Empire founded six years after the discovery of a sea route to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama, a subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. The capital of Portuguese India served as the governing centre of a string of military forts and trade posts scattered all over the Indian Ocean. The first viceroy, Francisco de Almeida established his base of operations at Fort Manuel, after the Kingdom of Cochin negotiated to become a protectorate of Portugal in 1505. With the Portuguese conquest of Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate in 1510, Goa became the major anchorage for the Portuguese Armadas arriving in India. The capital of the viceroyalty was transferred from Cochin in the Malabar region to Goa in 1530. From 1535, Mumbai (Bombay) was a harbour of Portuguese India as '' Bom Bahia'', unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the chief commercial crop is ''N. tabacum''. The more potent variant ''N. rustica'' is also used in some countries. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking in cigarettes and cigars, as well as pipes and shishas. They can also be consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus. Tobacco contains the highly addictive stimulant alkaloid nicotine as well as harmala alkaloids. Tobacco use is a cause or risk factor for many deadly diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver, and lungs, as well as many cancers. In 2008, the World Health Organization named tobacco use as the world's single greatest preventable cause of death. Etymology The English word ''tobacco'' originates from the Spanish word "tabaco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulkarni
Kulkarni is a family name native to the Indian state of Maharashtra. The name "Kulkarni" is a combination of two words (''kula'' and ''karni''). ''Kula'' means "family", and ''Karanika'' means "archivist". Historically, Kulkarni was the title given to the village record keeper. As per the historian P.J. Marshall, both Kulkarni and Deshpande were specialized scribes who "served great households and enhanced other, familiar, administrative mechanisms at their disposal". History Before British rule, the Maharashtra region was divided into many revenue divisions. The medieval equivalent of a county or district was the pargana. The chief of the pargana was called Deshmukh and record keepers were called Deshpande. The lowest administrative unit was the village. Village society in Marathi areas included the Patil or the head of the village, collector of revenue, and Kulkarni, the village record-keeper. These were hereditary positions. The Patil usually came from the Maratha caste. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivalli Brahmins
The Shivalli Brahmins are a Hindu community in Karnataka. They are divided into two groups, the first of which follows the Dvaita philosophy founded by the Vaishnavism, Vaishnava saint Madhvacharya of Udupi are called Madhva Brahmins, Shivalli Madhva Brahmins, and the second of which follow the Advaita philosophy of Adi Shankara and are known as Shivalli Smarta Brahmins, Shivalli Smartha Brahmins. Majority of Shivalli Brahmins are Madhvas and only a few of them are Smarthas. Udupi cuisine Shivalli Brahmins are famous for ''Udupi hotels'' (vegetarian restaurants) known for serving typical south Indian dishes like idli, vada (food), vada, Dosa (food), dosa, shira and upma etc. Shivalli Brahmins have a unique style of cooking, serving and eating meals. The meal is served on a plantain (banana) leaf and is usually eaten by hand, seated with padmasana like position on the floor. As per traditions male members must be bare-chested while eating a meal and must not talk except for dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Billava
The Billava, Billoru, Biruveru people are an ethnic group of India. They are found traditionally in Tulu Nadu region and engaged in toddy tapping, cultivation and other activities. They have used both missionary education and Sri Narayana Guru's reform movement to upgrade themselves. Etymology and origins L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer recounted the community's belief that ''billava'' means ''bowmen'' and that it "applied to the castemen who were largely employed as soldiers by the native rulers of the district". Edgar Thurston had reached a similar conclusion in 1909. The Billavas are first recorded in inscriptions dating from the fifteenth century AD but Amitav Ghosh notes that "... this is merely an indication of their lack of social power; there is every reason to suppose that all the major Tuluva castes share an equally long history of settlement in the region". The earliest epigraphy for the Tuluva Bunt community dates to around 400 years earlier. Language There is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunt (community)
Bunt () is an Indian community, who traditionally inhabit the coastal districts of Karnataka. Bunts were originally a warrior class community with agrarian origins, and form the landed gentry of the region. They are the dominant, land-owning farming community of Tulu Nadu and speak Tulu as well as Kundagannada as their mother tongue. The Bunts today are a largely urbanised community with a population size of 1 million worldwide. Etymology The word ''Bunt'' means ''powerful man'' or ''warrior'' in Tulu language. Bunts are also referred to as ''okkelme,'' which means farmers or cultivators and references their agrarian origins. History American anthropologist Sylvia Vatuk states that the Bunt community was a loosely defined social group. The matrilineal kin groups that constituted the caste were linguistically, geographically and economically diverse, which were united by their arrogation of aristocratic status and power. The Bunts speak Tulu and Kannada as their native la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanara
Kanara, also known as Karavali is the historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the Arabian Sea in the present-day Indian state of Karnataka. The region comprises three civil districts, namely: Uttara Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshina Kannada. Etymology According to historian Severino da Silva, the ancient name for this region is ''Parashurama Srushti'' (creation of Parashurama). According to him and Stephen Fuchs, the name ''Canara'' is the invention of Portuguese, Dutch, and English people who visited the area for trade from the early sixteenth century onwards. The Bednore Dynasty, under whose rule this tract was at that time, was known to them as the Kannada Dynasty, i.e., the dynasty speaking the Kannada language. "Karāvalli", the Kannada word for 'coast', is the term used by Kannada-speakers to refer to this region. The letter 'd' being always pronounced like 'r' by the Europeans, the district was named by them as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime History
Maritime history is the study of human interaction with and activity at sea. It covers a broad thematic element of history that often uses a global approach, although national and regional histories remain predominant. As an academic subject, it often crosses the boundaries of standard Academic discipline, disciplines, focusing on understanding humankind's various relationships to the oceans, list of seas, seas, and major waterways of the globe. Nautical history records and interprets past events involving ships, shipping, navigation, and seafarers. Maritime history is the broad overarching subject that includes fishing, whaling, international maritime law, naval history, the history of ships, ship design, shipbuilding, the history of navigation, the history of the various maritime-related sciences (oceanography, cartography, hydrography, etc.), sea exploration, maritime economics and trade, shipping, yachting, seaside resorts, the history of lighthouses and aids to navigation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pius Malekandathil
Pius Malekandathil (born 1960) is an Indian historian and a priest of the Syro-Malabar Church. He is a professor at the Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is a leading expert in History of India, medieval history of India and the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala. Selected publications His major works include:The Germans, the Portuguese and India(1999)Portuguese Cochin and the Maritime Trade of India, 1500-1663(2001) Jornada of Dom Alexis de Menezes: A Portuguese Account of the Sixteenth Century Malabar(Antonio de Gouvea, translated and edited 2003) Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity, the Indian Ocean(2010); (2013); * [https://www.amazon.in/Cities-Medieval-India-Yogesh-Sharma/dp/9380607997 Cities in Medieval India] (co-edited with Yogesh Sharma, 2014). Christianity in Indian History: Issues of Culture, Power, and Knowledge (co-edited with Joy L.K. Pachuau, and Tanika Sarkar, 2016)India, the Portuguese and maritime interactions(co-ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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