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Gart Der Gesundheit
The ''Gart der Gesundheit'' ( Early German for Latin ''hortus sanitatis'') was edited in 1485. It was written by Johann Wonnecke von Kaub and it is one of the first printed herbals in German. It was often reprinted until the 18th century. The ''Gart der Gesundheit'' is an important late medieval work concerning the knowledge of natural history, especially that of medicinal plants. In 435 chapters 382 plants, 25 drugs from the animal kingdom and 28 minerals are described and illustrated. The book was edited by Peter Schöffer in Mainz. Together with the Latin ''Herbarius moguntinus'' (Peter Schöffer 1484) and the Latin '' Hortus sanitatis'' (Jacob Meydenbach in Mainz 1491), the ''Gart der Gesundheit'' belongs to the "group of Mainz herbal incunabula". Text The text is a collection of earlier texts in German and in Latin on drugs from the herbal, animal, and mineral kingdoms. The reader cannot rely on the names the author gives to his citations. Sometimes he gives no name, for ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titel Gart3
Titel ( sr-Cyrl, Тител, hu, Titel) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town of Titel has a population of 5,247, while the population of the municipality of Titel is 15,738. It is located in southeastern part of the geographical region of Bačka, known as Šajkaška. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Titel'' (Тител), in Hungarian as ''Titel'', in German as ''Titel'' (and sometimes ''Theisshügel''), and in Latin as ''Titulium''. History The Titel Plateau is an elevated region between the Danube and Tisza rivers, close to the confluence; about ; roughly . It has an ellipsoid form and is characterized by steep slopes at the margins. It has a substantial loess cover and is often called the Titel Loess Plateau; the loess on the plateau is considered to contain the most detailed terrestrial palaeoclimate records in Europe, with a thick and apparently continuous record extending to the middle and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristolochia Clematitis
''Aristolochia clematitis'', the (European) birthwort, is a twining herbaceous plant in the family Aristolochiaceae, which is native to Europe. The leaves are heart shaped and the flowers are pale yellow and tubular in form. The plant seeks light by ascending the stems of surrounding plants. Toxicity It was formerly used as a medicinal plant, though it is poisonous, and is now occasionally found established outside of its native range as a relic of cultivation. It is now thought to be the cause of thousands of kidney failures in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The initial hypothesis that seeds from the plant were unintentionally consumed through contaminated flour has come to be questioned. Urinary tract malignancies among those who have consumed the plant are also reported. The link between kidney failure and aristolochic acid, which the plant contains, was discovered after a clinic for obesity in Belgium used herbal products based on another pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cicuta Virosa
''Cicuta virosa'', the cowbane or northern water hemlock, is a poisonous species of ''Cicuta'', native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia and northwestern North America. Description It is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows up to 1–2 m tall. The stems are smooth, branching, swollen at the base, purple-striped, and hollow except for partitions at the junction of the leaves and stem. In cross section the stems have one flat side and the other sides are rounded. The leaves are alternate, tripinnate, only coarsely toothed, unlike the ferny, lacy leaves found in many other members of the family ''Apiaceae''. The flowers are small, white and clustered in umbrella shaped inflorescences typical of the family. The many flowered umbellets have unequal pedicels that range from 5 to 11 cm long during fruiting. An oily, yellow liquid oozes from cuts to the stems and roots. This liquid has a rank smell resembling that of parsnips or carrots. The plant may be mistaken fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelidonium Majus
''Chelidonium majus'', the greater celandine, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. One of two species in the genus ''Chelidonium'', it is native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America. The plant known as lesser celandine (''Ficaria verna'') is not closely related, as it belongs to the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Description Greater celandine is a perennial herbaceous plant with an erect habit, and reaches high. The blue-green leaves are pinnate with lobed and wavy margins, up to long. When injured, the plant exudes a yellow to orange latex. The flowers consist of four yellow petals, each about long, with two sepals. A double-flowered variety occurs naturally. The flowers appear from late spring to summer, May to September (in the UK), in umbelliform cymes of about 4 flowers. The seeds are small and black, borne in a long, cylindrical capsule. Each has an elaiosome, which attracts ants to disperse the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinca Minor
''Vinca minor'' (common names lesser periwinkle or dwarf periwinkle) is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family, native to central and southern Europe, from Portugal and France north to the Netherlands and the Baltic States, east to the Caucasus, and also southwestern Asia in Turkey. Other vernacular names used in cultivation include small periwinkle, common periwinkle, and sometimes in the United States, myrtle or creeping myrtle. Description ''Vinca minor'' is a trailing subshrub, spreading along the ground and rooting along the stems to form large clonal colonies and occasionally scrambling up to high but never twining or climbing. The leaves are evergreen, opposite, long and broad, glossy dark green with a leathery texture and an entire margin. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils and are produced mainly from early spring to mid summer but with a few flowers still produced into the autumn; they are violet-purple (pale purple or white in some cultivate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berberis Vulgaris
''Berberis vulgaris'', also known as common barberry, European barberry or simply barberry, is a shrub in the genus ''Berberis'' native to the Old World. It produces edible but sharply acidic berries, which people in many countries eat as a tart and refreshing fruit. Description It is a deciduous shrub growing up to high. The leaves are small oval, long and broad, with a serrated margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine long. The flowers are yellow, across, produced on long panicles in late spring. The fruit is an oblong red berry long and broad, ripening in late summer or autumn. File:Berberis-vulgaris-flowers.jpg, Leaves File:歐洲小蘗 Berberis vulgaris -匈牙利布達佩斯 Budapest, Hungary- (9216101912).jpg, Flowers File:Berberis vulgaris .jpg, Fruit Distribution and habitat The shrub is native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia; it is also naturalised in northern Europe, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betonica Officinalis
''Betonica officinalis'' ( syn. ''Stachys officinalis''), commonly known as common hedgenettle, betony, purple betony, wood betony, bishopwort, or bishop's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Pliny (25, 8, 46, § 84) calls the plant both ''betonica'' and ''vettonica'', claiming that the Vettones used it as a herbal medicine. It is commonly known as ''Stachys officinalis'', the word ''stachys'' coming from the Greek, meaning "an ear of grain," and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike. The Latin specific epithet ''officinalis'' refers to plants which had a culinary or medicinal use. Description ''Betonica officinalis'' is a rhizotomous, patch-forming, grassland herbaceous perennial growing to tall. Its leaves are stalked on upright stems, narrowly oval, with a heart-shaped base, with a somewhat wrinkled texture and toothed margins. The calyx is 5–7 mm long, with 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avena
''Avena'' is a genus of Eurasian and African plants in the grass family. Collectively known as the oats, they include some species which have been cultivated for thousands of years as a food source for humans and livestock. They are widespread throughout Europe, Asia and northwest Africa. Several species have become naturalized in many parts of the world, and are regarded as invasive weeds where they compete with crop production. All oats have edible seeds, though they are small and hard to harvest in most species. * See Oat for a more detailed discussion of the oat as a food source. Ecology ''Avena'' species, including cultivated oats, are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including rustic shoulder-knot and setaceous Hebrew character. For diseases of oats, see List of oat diseases. Species Cultivated oats One species is of major commercial importance as a cereal grain. Four other species are grown as crops of minor or regional importanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieracium Pilosella
''Hieracium'' (), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as (from ancient Greek ιεράξ, ' hawk'), is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and closely related to dandelion (''Taraxacum''), chicory ('' Cichorium''), prickly lettuce (''Lactuca'') and sow thistle (''Sonchus''), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowering plants. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually by means of seeds that are genetically identical to their mother plant ( apomixis or agamospermy), clones or populations that consist of genetically identical plants are formed and some botanists (especially in UK, Scandinavia and Russia) prefer to accept these clones as good species (arguing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peucedanum Ostruthium
''Peucedanum ostruthium'' or ''Imperatoria ostruthium'', masterwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, but has been widely introduced outside its native range. Distribution Masterwort is native to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, including the Carpathians, Alps, northern Apennines, Massif Central and isolated occurrences in the Iberian Peninsula. It has, however, been widely introduced and cultivated and its native range is therefore not entirely clear. Use Masterwort is used as a flavouring for various liqueurs and bitters. Its roots and leaves have been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally (as tea, liqueurs and wine) and externally (as fumigation, tincture or incense) for treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, respiratory tract, cardiovascular system, infections, fever, flu and colds. Chemical constituents The plant is a source of coumarins, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physalis Alkekengi
''Alkekengi officinarum'', the bladder cherry, Chinese lantern, Japanese-lantern, strawberry groundcherry, or winter cherry, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is a close relative of the new world ''Calliphysalis carpenteri'' (Carpenter's groundcherry) and a somewhat more distant relative to the members of the ''Physalis'' genus. This species is native to the regions covering Southern Europe to South Asia and Northeast Asia. Description It is easily identifiable by the large, bright orange to red papery covering over its fruit, which resembles paper lanterns. It is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to 40–60 cm tall, with spirally arranged leaves 6–12 cm long and 4–9 cm broad. The flowers are white, with a five-lobed corolla 10–15 mm across, with an inflated basal calyx which matures into the papery orange fruit covering, 4–5 cm long and broad. And it has one variety, ''Alkekengi officinarum'' var. ''franch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris Pseudacorus
''Iris pseudacorus'', the yellow flag, yellow iris, or water flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa. Its specific epithet ''pseudacorus'' means "false acorus", referring to the similarity of its leaves to those of ''Acorus calamus'' (sweet flag), as they have a prominently veined mid-rib and sword-like shape. However, the two plants are not closely related. The flower is commonly attributed with the fleur-de-lis. Description This herbaceous flowering perennial plant grows to , or a rare tall, with erect leaves up to long and broad. The flowers are bright yellow, across, with the typical iris form. The fruit is a dry capsule long, containing numerous pale brown seeds. ''I. pseudacorus'' grows best in very wet conditions, and is common in wetlands, where it tolerates submersion, low pH, and anoxic soils. The plant spreads quickly, by both rhizome and water-dispersed seed. It fills a simila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
