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Gaius Vibius Rufus
Gaius Vibius Rufus was a Roman senator and orator, who flourished during the Principate. He was suffect consul in the second half of AD 16 with Gaius Pomponius Graecinus as his colleague. The first of his family to achieve consular rank, Rufus was a ''homo novus'', one of ten in the first five years of the reign of Tiberius. Ronald Syme notes both inscriptions which attest to his consulate misrepresent his name. In the ''Fasti Antiates Minores'', his name appears as "C. Vibius Libo". Syme explains the person who carved this inscription accidentally repeated "Libo" from the name on the line above: L. Scribonius Libo. The second is in the ''Fasti Ostienses'', where he is presented as " . VibiusRufinus"; in this case, the engraver was distracted by the name on the next line, "C. Pomponius Graecinus." Life His family origins are unclear. "Every region of Italy avows its Vibii, normally obscure," writes Syme.Syme, "Vibius Rufus", p. 368 Dio Cassius preserves two anecdotes about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and was ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus as the first Roman emperor to the military anarchy of the 3rd century, it was a Principate with Italia as the metropole of its provinces and the city of Rome as its sole capital. The Empire was later ruled by multiple emperors who shared control over the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. The city of Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until AD 476 when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople following the capture of the Western capital of Ravenna by the Germanic barbarians. The adoption of Christianity as the state church of the Roman Empire in AD 380 and the fall of the Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a formerly enslaved person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, enslaved people were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their captor-owners), emancipation (granted freedom as part of a larger group), or self-purchase. A fugitive slave is a person who escaped enslavement by fleeing. Ancient Rome Rome differed from Greek city-states in allowing freed slaves to become plebeian citizens. The act of freeing a slave was called ''manumissio'', from ''manus'', "hand" (in the sense of holding or possessing something), and ''missio'', the act of releasing. After manumission, a slave who had belonged to a Roman citizen enjoyed not only passive freedom from ownership, but active political freedom ''(libertas)'', including the right to vote. A slave who had acquired ''libertas'' was known as a ''libertus'' ("freed person", feminine ''liberta'') in relation to his former master, who was called his or her patron ''( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st-century Romans
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Caelius Rufus
The gens Caelia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. The nomen ''Caelius'' is frequently confounded with '' Coelius'' and '' Caecilius'', with some individuals referred to as ''Caelius'' in manuscripts, while appearing as ''Coelius'' or ''Coilius'' on coins. Although the Caelii asserted their great antiquity, none of them attained any of the higher offices of the Roman state until the praetorship of Publius Caelius in 74 BC, and the first of this gens who obtained the consulship was Gaius Caelius Rufus in AD 17. The emperor Balbinus was a descendant of the Caelii.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 532 (" Caelia or Coelia Gens"). Origin The Caelii claimed descent from the Etruscan hero, Caelius Vibenna, whose adventures were legendary in Etruria, but largely forgotten at Rome; the emperor Claudius, who was deeply interested in Etruscan culture, described the adventures of Caelius, his brother, Aulus Vibenna, and their companion, Macstarna, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Pomponius Flaccus
Lucius Pomponius Flaccus (died 33) was a Roman senator, who held a number of imperial appointments during the reign of Tiberius. He was consul in AD 17 with Gaius Caelius Rufus as his colleague. Flaccus was the brother of Gaius Pomponius Graecinus, consul the year before in 16. Either he or his brother may have married Vistilia, mother of Milonia Caesonia, the wife of Caligula, and had two sons: Publius Pomponius Secundus and Quintus Pomponius Secundus. Life The earliest mention of Flaccus was by the poet Ovid, who addressed one of the earliest poems from ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' to Flaccus; Ronald Syme dates the first three books of ''Ex Ponto'' "before the autumn of 13". More information about Flaccus comes from a poem Ovid addressed to his brother Graecinus: Syme uses the evidence of that poem to argue that Flaccus was ''legatus'' or assistant from either the year 11 or 12 to Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus, then governor of Moesia. He is mentioned several times by Tacitus in his ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Early Imperial Roman Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Scribonius Libo (consul 16)
Several men of plebeian status were named Lucius Scribonius Libo during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire; they were members of the ''gens'' Scribonia. L. Scribonius Libo (praetor 204 BC) Lucius Scribonius Libo was a tribune of the plebs in 216 BC, during the Second Punic War. A question arose pertaining to the ransoming of Roman captives; he referred the matter to the Senate. He was one of the three men appointed '' triumviri mensarii'', a commission created by a ''Lex Minucia'', possibly to deal with a shortage of silver; the full range of their financial activities is unclear. He was ''praetor peregrinus'' in 204 and sent to Cisalpine Gaul. L. Scribonius Libo (tribune 149 BC) Lucius Scribonius Libo was tribune of the plebs in 149 BC. He accused Servius Sulpicius Galba for the outrages against the Lusitanians he committed during his governorship. He might have been the Scribonius who consecrated the Puteal Scribonianum often mentioned by ancient writers, which was located in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisenna Statilius Taurus
Sisenna Statilius Taurus was a Roman Empire, Roman Roman senate, senator. He was Roman consul, consul for the year AD 16 with Lucius Scribonius Libo (consul 16), Lucius Scribonius Libo as his colleague. Most of our information about Sisenna comes from inscriptions. Sisenna was the grandson of Titus Statilius Taurus, consul in 37 BC and 26 BC. His father is attested as a ''tresviri monetalis'', but died before he could accede to the consulate; his mother has not been identified. Sisenna was also the younger brother of Titus Statilius Taurus (consul 11), Titus Statilius Taurus. The name of his wife has also failed to come down to us, but he is known to have children, who include Cornelia Tauri f. the wife of the consul Titus Axius. The tombstone of one of his freedmen, found in Istria, belonging to modern Croatia, provides us a few clues about his life. One is that it supplies Sisenna with the title of ''pontiff'', not only indicating he was a member of the prestigious college of pon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Vibius Rufinus
Gaius Vibius Rufinus was a Roman senator, who flourished during the early first century. He was suffect consul as the colleague of Marcus Cocceius Nerva in August of a year during the first half of the first century; which year is still in dispute. Rufinus was an acquaintance of the poet Ovid, who addressed two of his poems to him from his exile in Tomis. Date of his consulship Some scholars, such as Attilio Degrassi, date the consulship of Rufinus and Nerva based on the attested dates the former was governor of Germania Superior, namely the years 43 and 45. Paul Gallivan, in his study of the suffect consuls of the reign of Claudius, reasoned from those dates that "Rufinus must have assumed the consulship between 39 and 42", for which only 40 and 41 have vacancies in August. Other experts date their consulship to either 21 or 22, where there are corresponding gaps; no suffect consuls are yet attested for the year 21. Ronald Syme, who argues for one of these years, points out th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Cocceius Nerva (jurist)
Marcus Cocceius Nerva (before 5 BC – AD 33) was a member of the entourage of the Roman emperor Tiberius and a celebrated jurist. He was the son of Marcus Cocceius Nerva and the grandfather of emperor Nerva. In AD 24 Tiberius appointed him to the head of the '' curatores aquarum'', a three-man commission responsible for Rome's water supply.R. H. Rodgers"Curatores Aquarum" ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', 86 (1982), p. 172 In 33 he starved himself to death despite the pleas of Tiberius. In explanation Tacitus writes: "Those who knew his thoughts said that as he saw more closely into the miseries of the State, he chose, in anger and alarm, an honourable death, while he was yet safe and unassailed on."Tacitus, The Annals 6.26 From this we may infer that he despaired at the tyrannies of the Praetorian Guard and committed suicide as a form of protest and may have been worried about his own safety. In popular culture He was portrayed in the film '' Caligula'' by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul AD 12)
Gaius Fonteius Capito (fl. AD 12) was a Roman Empire, Roman Roman senate, senator during the Principate. He served as Roman consul, ordinary consul as the colleague of Germanicus in AD 12, and later as proconsul of Asia (Roman province), Asia.Ronald Syme"Problems about Proconsuls of Asia" ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'', 53 (1983), p. 191 Family Capito was born a member of the plebeian ''Fonteia gens, gens Fonteia''. He was the son of Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul 33 BC), Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul ''suffectus'' of 33 BC), who was a ''novus homo'' ("new man") and the first of the ''Fonteii'' to obtain the consulship. This Capito's son was also named Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul 59), Gaius Fonteius Capito, and became consul as well in AD 59. Career The date the sortition awarded Capito proconsul of Asia was about ten years after his consulship, that is AD 23/24, although Ronald Syme admits it might have occurred the previous year. During the consulship of Cossus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curator Aquarum
The ''Curator Aquarum'' was a Roman official responsible for managing Rome's water supply and distributing free grain. Curators were appointed by the emperor. The first curator was Agrippa. Another notable ''Curator Aquarum'' was Frontinus, a Roman engineer. History Before the ''Curator Aquarum'' Censors managed the water supply. Emperor Augustus, as part of another initiative to develop new positions, created the ''Curator Aquarum''. The purpose of this new position was to maintain the water supply of Rome. Augustus appointed Agrippa as the ''Curator Aquarum.'' Aggripa was curator from 33 to 12 BC. He used a slave force consisting of 240 imperial slaves and 40 freedmen. During his term, he built the Aqua Julia, repaired existing aqueducts, and established the '' Cura Aquarum''. After the death of Agrippa, Messala Corvinus became the ''Curator Aquarum''. Emperor Claudius increased the number to 460 men. Eventually this would increase to 700 men. Frontinus was also appointed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
