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Gaius Cilnius Proculus
Gaius Cilnius Proculus was a Roman senator active during the reign of Domitian. He was suffect consul for the ''nundinium'' September–December AD 87 with Lucius Neratius Priscus as his colleague. It is unknown how or if Proculus is related to the better-known Gaius Cilnius Maecenas. Proculus is known only through surviving inscriptions. Proculus was the governor of Moesia Superior; the period of his administration has recently been dated as extending from the year 100 to 102. During his administration of the province, Proculus showed sufficient bravery in combat to be awarded ''dona militaria'', or military decorations, likely as part of the Dacian Wars. A Gaius Cilnius Proculus is known to be governor of Dalmatia during the reign of Trajan, but Werner Eck considers that governor was more likely the suffect consul of the ''nundinium'' of March/April 100, and the son of this Proculus.Eck"Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139" ''Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and was ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus as the first Roman emperor to the military anarchy of the 3rd century, it was a Principate with Italia as the metropole of its provinces and the city of Rome as its sole capital. The Empire was later ruled by multiple emperors who shared control over the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. The city of Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until AD 476 when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople following the capture of the Western capital of Ravenna by the Germanic barbarians. The adoption of Christianity as the state church of the Roman Empire in AD 380 and the fall of the Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valerie Maxfield
Valerie Maxfield FSA is a Roman archaeologist and emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of Exeter. She is a specialist in the archaeology of the Roman army and frontiers, and edited the ''Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society'' until December 2020. Academic career Maxfield completed an undergraduate degree in History at the University of Leicester and completed a Phd at Durham University in 1972, at Trevelyan College, supervised by Brian Dobson. She studied at the British School at Rome, and was then appointed as a Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Exeter. Maxfield retired from the university in 2008, coinciding with Bryony Coles' retirement. To mark their departure, the archaeology department held a conference dedicated to them titled 'From Desert to Wetland'. Valerie Maxfield is currently an emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of Exeter. Excavations In 1972 Maxfield excavated the Roman temporary camp at Eskbank, revealing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st-century Romans
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Minicius Rufus
Lucius Minicius Rufus was a Roman senator. He was best known as an acquaintance of the philosopher and wonder-worker Apollonius of Tyana. Rufus is known to have been proconsular governor of Bithynia et Pontus in AD 82/83, then afterwards appointed ''legatus propraetor'', or imperial governor, of Gallia Lugdunensis for the years AD 83 to 87. These offices were followed by ordinary consul as the colleague of the emperor Domitian in AD 88. Despite these promising achievements, Rufus, along with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, encountered the wrath of the emperor Domitian. According to Philostratus Philostratus or Lucius Flavius Philostratus (; grc-gre, Φιλόστρατος ; c. 170 – 247/250 AD), called "the Athenian", was a Greek sophist of the Roman imperial period. His father was a minor sophist of the same name. He was born probab ..., Apollonius of Tyana journeyed to Rome to defend them in court. (''Vita Apoll.'', vii.8-34) References {{DEFAULTSO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Early Imperial Roman Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Ducenius Proculus
Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist *Gaius Acilius *Gaius Antonius *Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius Pollio * Gaius Ateius Capito *Gaius Aurelius Cotta *Gaius Calpurnius Piso *Gaius Canuleius, a tribune *Gaius Cassius Longinus *Gaius Charles, American actor *Gaius Claudius Glaber, Roman military commander during the Third Servile War *Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior, consul in 49 BC *Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor (88–40 BC), consul in 50 BC *Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Roman orator famous for the annals and histories *Gaius Duilius *Gaius Fabricius Luscinus *Gaius Flaminius *Gaius Flavius Fimbria *Gaius Gracchus *Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus * Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos, consul and Syrian prince *Gaius Julius Caesar, mostly known as only "Julius Caesar" * Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, sometimes known solely by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Bellicius Natalis Gavidius Tebanianus
The gens Bellicia was an aristocratic plebeian family at ancient Rome, which flourished during the first and second centuries. The Bellicii rose to prominence from Gallia Narbonensis, attaining senatorial status with Gaius Bellicius Natalis, who was appointed consul ''suffectus'' in AD 68. Origin The nomen ''Bellicius'', spelt ''Vellicius'' in several inscriptions of Lucius Bellicius Sollers, belongs to a class of formed from cognomina ending in '. The root, ''Bellicus'', means "fierce" or "warlike", being one of an abundant type of surname originally derived from the character of the bearer. Branches and cognomina The earliest Bellicii appearing in history bore the cognomen ''Natalis'', a Latin adjective referring to the circumstances of one's birth or nativity, although the circumstance through which this became their surname is unknown. ''Sollers'', belonging to a soldier of the early second century, denoted someone thought particularly skilled or clever. The names of subse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cilnia (gens)
The gens Cilnia was an Etruscan family at ancient Rome, from the late Republic into imperial times. This gens is best known from Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, a trusted friend and advisor of Augustus, who was famous for his immense wealth and patronage of the arts. At least two of the Cilnii obtained the consulship under the Empire.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 748 ("Cilnii"). Origin The Cilnii hailed from the Etruscan city of Arretium, where they were amongst the local nobility, and had once held the title of Lucumo, or king. Their nomen was originally written ''Cfelne'' or ''Cfenle'', which was subsequently Latinized as ''Cilnius'', much as the Etruscan ''Lecne'' became ''Licinius''. The Cilnii supported Roman interests in Etruria, and were expelled from Arretium in 301 BC, but regained their position with Roman aid. Branches and cognomina The only family of the Cilnii to achieve prominence under the Republic bore the cognomen ''Maecenas'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Cilnius Proculus (consul 100)
The gens Cilnia was an Etruscan family at ancient Rome, from the late Republic into imperial times. This gens is best known from Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, a trusted friend and advisor of Augustus, who was famous for his immense wealth and patronage of the arts. At least two of the Cilnii obtained the consulship under the Empire.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 748 ("Cilnii"). Origin The Cilnii hailed from the Etruscan city of Arretium, where they were amongst the local nobility, and had once held the title of Lucumo, or king. Their nomen was originally written ''Cfelne'' or ''Cfenle'', which was subsequently Latinized as ''Cilnius'', much as the Etruscan ''Lecne'' became ''Licinius''. The Cilnii supported Roman interests in Etruria, and were expelled from Arretium in 301 BC, but regained their position with Roman aid. Branches and cognomina The only family of the Cilnii to achieve prominence under the Republic bore the cognomen ''Maecenas'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trajan
Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over one of the greatest military expansions in Roman history and led the empire to attain its greatest territorial extent by the time of his death. He is also known for his philanthropic rule, overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies, which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace within the Empire and prosperity in the Mediterranean world. Trajan was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in present-day Spain, a small Roman ''municipium'' founded by Italic settlers in the province of Hispania Baetica. He came from a branch of the gens Ulpia, the ''Ulpi Traiani'', that originated in the Umbrian town of Tuder. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalmatia (Roman Province)
Dalmatia was a Roman province. Its name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, which lived in the central area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It encompassed the northern part of present-day Albania, much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo and Serbia, thus covering an area significantly larger than the current Croatian region of Dalmatia. Originally this region was called Illyria (in Greek) or Illyricum (in Latin). The province of Illyricum was dissolved and replaced by two separate provinces: Dalmatia and Pannonia. Conquest The region which ran along the coast of the Adriatic Sea and extended inland on the Dinaric Alps was called Illyria by the Greeks. Originally, the Romans also called the area Illyria and later, Illyricum. The Romans fought three Illyrian Wars (229 BC, 219/8 BC and 168 BC) mainly against the kingdom of the Ardiaei to the south of the region. In 168 BC, they abolished this kingdom and divided it into thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trajan's Dacian Wars
The Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan's rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire. Trajan turned his attention to Dacia, an area north of Macedon and Greece and east of the Danube that had been on the Roman agenda since before the days of Caesar when the Dacians defeated a Roman army at the Battle of Histria. In AD 85, the Dacians swarmed over the Danube and pillaged Moesia and initially defeated the army that Emperor Domitian sent against them. The Romans were defeated in the Battle of Tapae in 88 and a truce was established. Emperor Trajan recommenced hostilities against Dacia and, following an uncertain number of battles, defeated the Dacian king Decebalus in the Second Battle of Tapae in 101. With Trajan's troops pressing towards the Dacian capital Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
