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Gabriel's Wing
''Bal-e-Jibril'' ( ur, بال جبریل; or ''Gabriel's Wing''; published in Urdu, 1935) was a philosophical poetry book of Allama Iqbal (Muhammad Iqbal), the great poet-philosopher of the Indian subcontinent. Introduction Iqbal's first book of poetry in Urdu, ''Bang-i-Dara'' (1924), was followed by ''Bal-i-Jibril'' in 1935 and ''Zarb-i-Kalim'' in 1936. Bal-i-Jibril is the peak of Iqbal's Urdu poetry. It consists of ghazals, poems, quatrains, epigrams and displays the vision and intellect necessary to foster sincerity and firm belief in the heart of the ummah and turn its members into true believers. Some of the verses had been written when Iqbal visited Britain, Italy, Palestine, France, Spain and Afghanistan, including one of Iqbal's best known poems ''The Mosque of Cordoba''. The work contains 15 ghazals addressed to God and 61 ghazals and 22 quatrains dealing the ego, faith, love, knowledge, the intellect and freedom. The poet recalls the past glory of Muslims as he deal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom (philosophy)
Free will is the capacity of agents to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded. Free will is closely linked to the concepts of moral responsibility, praise, culpability, sin, and other judgements which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition. Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame. Whether free will exists, what it is and the implications of whether it exists or not are some of the longest running debates of philosophy and religion. Some conceive of free will as the right to act outside of external influences or wishes. Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices undetermined by past events. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, which is inconsistent with a libertarian model of free will. Ancient Greek philosophy identified this issue, which remains a major focus of ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Psalms
''Zabur-i-Ajam'' (, ''Persian Psalms'') is a philosophical poetry book, written in Persian, of Allama Iqbal, the great poet-philosopher of the Indian subcontinent. It was published in 1927. Introduction ''Zabur-i Ajam'' includes the mathnavi ''Gulshan-i Raz-i Jadid'' and ''Bandagi Nama''. There are four sections. The first two are sequences of ghazals in the classical form and the other two are single long poems. Iqbal forcefully expresses his inner convictions and urges the reader to advance himself to achieve progress and prosperity by discovering and strengthening the self. The first of the two longer poems is the ''Gulshan-i Raz-i Jadid'' (, "New Garden of Mysteries"). It alludes to the '' Gulshan-i Raz'', the treatise on Sufism written in Persian verse by Sa'd ad-Din Mahmud Shabistari. Here Iqbal poses and answers nine questions on philosophical problems such as the nature of discursive thought, of the self, and of the relation between the eternal and the temporal. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Message From The East
''Payam-i-Mashriq'' ( fa, ; or ''Message from the East''; published in Persian, 1923) is a philosophical poetry book of Allama Iqbal, the great poet-philosopher of British India. Introduction Payam-i-Mashriq is an answer to '' West-östlicher Diwan'' by Goethe, the famous German poet. History Immediately after the end of World War I, Iqbal started writing the Payam and it can be presumed that he would have thought in this respect to achieve a goal of bringing the East and the West closer to each other. It is evident from some of Iqbal's Urdu letters that he first disclosed about his book-in-preparation (i.e. Payam) to Syed Sulaiman Nadwi, a distinguished scholar and his esteemed friend, in 1919: ''"At present, I am writing a reply to the Divan of a Western poet (i.e. Goethe) and about half of it has been completed. Some poems will be in Persian and some in Urdu..... Two great German poets, Goethe and Uhland, were barristers. After practising for a short time Goethe was appoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javid Nama
The ''Javid Nama'' ( fa, ), or ''Book of Eternity'', is a Persian literature, Persian book of poetry written by Muhammad Iqbal and published in 1932 in poetry, 1932. It is considered to be one of the masterpieces of Iqbal. It is inspired by Dante Alighieri's ''Divine Comedy'', and just as Dante's guide was Virgil, Iqbal is guided by Maulana Rumi. Both of them visit different spheres in the heavens coming across different people. Iqbal uses the pseudonym ''Zinda Rud'' for himself in this book. It was translated into English by Arthur John Arberry and into German as ''Dschavidnma: Das Buch der Ewigkeit'' by Annemarie Schimmel and in Italian as ''Il poema Celeste'' by Alessandro Bausani. Schimmel also prepared a Turkish translation, ''Cevidname'', based on her German edition. Introduction "Man, in this world of seven hues, lute-like is ever afire with lamentation; yearning for a kindred spirit burns him inwardly", Iqbal opens. Iqbal, Muhammad (tr. Arberry) (1932). Javidnama'. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Of Muhammad Iqbal–related Articles
This page list topics related to Muhammad Iqbal. * Muhammad Iqbal’s concept of Khudi * Muhammad Iqbal’s educational philosophy * Madani–Iqbal debate * Muhammad Iqbal bibliography * Allahabad Address * Works of Muhammad Iqbal * Iqbal Academy Pakistan Poem * Iblees Ki Majlis-e-Shura * Sare Jahan se Accha * Tarana-e-Milli * The Mosque of Cordoba * Lab Pe Aati Hai Dua * Khizr-i-Rah * Saqi Namah * Tulu'i Islam * Khizr-i-Rah * Gulshan-i Raz-i Jadid Works by Iqbal * The Call of the Marching Bell * The Development of Metaphysics in Persia * Gift from Hijaz * Ilm Al-Iqtisad * Javid Nama * Message from the East * The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam * The Rod of Moses * Gabriel's Wing * Persian Psalms * Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa * The Secrets of the Self * The Secrets of Selflessness * What Should Then Be Done O People of the East Works about Iqbal * Glory of Iqbal * Zinda Rood Family members * Javed Iqbal * Nasira Iqbal * Yousuf Salahuddin * Walid Iqbal Mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panj Peer
Panj Peer (or Panj Pir), meaning the Five Great Saints in Persian, used to be accompanied together in their lifetime as follows: * Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (1142 – 1236) also known as 'Gharib Nawaz' (Ajmer, Rajasthan, India) * Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 – 3 April 1325),Delhi * Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173 – 1235), of Mehrauli, Delhi * Sheikh Baba Farid Ganjshakar (1179 – 1266) (Pakpattan, Punjab) * Baha'ud din Zakariya (1182 – 1268) (Multan, Punjab) * Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (1177 – 1274) (Sehwan, Sindh) Above Sufi saints are mentioned in the great love-epic of the Sufi poet Sayyid Waris Shah "Heer Ranjha ''Heer Ranjha'' (or ''Heer and Ranjha'') ( pnb, , ਹੀਰ ਰਾਂਝਾ ) is one of several popular tragic romances of Punjab, other important ones being "Sohni Mahiwal", "Mirza Sahiban" and " Sassi Punnhun". There are several poetic na ...", which opens with an invocation to these holy sages. References India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Nadir Shah
Mohammed Nadir Shah (Persian and ps, محمد نادر شاه – born Mohammed Nadir Khan; 9 April 1883 – 8 November 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 until his assassination in November 1933. Previously, he served as Minister of War, Afghan Ambassador to France, and as a general in the Afghan Armed Forces. He and his son Mohammed Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban. Background Nadir Khan was born on 9 April 1883 in Dehradun, British India, in the Musahiban branch of the Royal dynasty of Afghanistan (of the Mohammadzai section of Barakzai Pashtuns). His father was Mohammad Yusuf Khan and his mother was Sharaf Sultana Hukumat Begum. His paternal grandfather was Yahya Khan and his great grandfather was Sultan Mohammad Khan Telayee, the brother of Dost Muhammad Khan. Nadir's ancestors were exiled to British India by King Amir Abdul Rahman after King Abdul Rahman realized their aspiration for power. King Abdul Rahman advised his incumben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhan
Adhan ( ar, أَذَان ; also variously transliterated as athan, adhane (in French), azan/azaan (in South Asia), adzan (in Southeast Asia), and ezan (in Turkish), among other languages) is the Islamic call to public prayer (salah) in a mosque recited by a muezzin at prescribed times of the day. Adhan is recited very loudly from the mosque five times a day on most days and all day long during the religious holidays of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, traditionally from the minaret. It is the first call summoning Muslims to enter the mosque for obligatory (''fard'') prayer (''salah''). A second call, known as the ''iqamah'', summons those within the mosque to line up for the beginning of the prayers. Only in Turkey, Ezan is voiced in five different styles at different times; saba, uşşak, hicaz, rast, segah. Terminology Adhān, Arabic for "announcement", from root ''ʾadhina'' meaning "to listen, to hear, be informed about", is variously transliterated in different cultures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javed Iqbal (judge, Born 1924)
Senior Justice Javed Iqbal (Urdu: ; 5 October 1924 – 3 October 2015) was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his acclaimed publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy in international and national journals. He was the son of the poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal, who inspired the Pakistan Movement. Javed authored various books on Pakistan's nationalism movement and political ideology. Apart from philosophy, Javed had a prolific career in the Judiciary of Pakistan and was a former Chief Justice of the Lahore High Court before being elevated to the Supreme Court. Early life Javed Iqbal was born in Sialkot on 5 October 1924 to Allama Muhammad Iqbal and his second wife, Sardar Begum. His mother died when he was 11, and his father died in 1938 when he was 14. Javed Iqbal received the following educational degrees and distinctions: BA (Honors) degree in 1944 from the Government Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariq Ibn Ziyad
Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād ( ar, طارق بن زياد), also known simply as Tarik in English, was a Berber commander who served the Umayyad Caliphate and initiated the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania (present-day Spain and Portugal) in 711–718 AD. He led an army and crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast, consolidating his troops at what is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar. The name "Gibraltar" is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name ''Jabal Ṭāriq'' (جبل طارق), meaning "mountain of Ṭāriq", which is named after him. Origins Medieval Arabic historians give contradictory data about Ṭāriq's origins and nationality. Some conclusions about his personality and the circumstances of his entry into al-Andalus are surrounded by uncertainty. The vast majority of modern sources state that Ṭāriq was a Berber ''mawla'' of Musa ibn Nusayr, the Umayyad governor of Ifriqiya. He is traditionally said to have been born in the Tlemcen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Al-Hassan Al-Kharaqani
Abu 'l-Hassan Ali ibn Ahmad (or ibn Jaʻfar) ibn Salmān al-Kharaqāni ( fa, شیخ ابوالحسن خرقانی) is one of the master Sufis of Islam. He was born in 963 (352 Hijri year) from PersianS.H. Nasr, "Iran" in History of Humanity: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, edited by Sigfried J. de Laet, M. A. Al-Bakhit, International Commission for a History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind History of mankind, L. Bazin, S. M. Cissco. Published by Taylor & Francis US, 2000. pg 368 parents in Khorasan in a village called Qaleh Now-e Kharaqan (today located in Semnan Province, Iran near Bastam) and died on the day of Ashura in 1033 (10th Muharram, 425 Hijri). He was the disciple of Abul-Abbas Qassab Amoli but claimed a deep spiritual relation with Bayazid Bastami, a well-known Sufi Master who died almost a century before him but had spoken about the personality and state of Kharaqani. He was also influenced by Abul Hasan Hankari. His school of jurispru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
