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GAZ Valdai
The GAZ-3310 Valdai (russian: Валдай) is a medium-class flat bed truck (category N2 MCV) formerly produced from late 2004 until 2015 at the Gorky Automobile Plant in Russia. It differs from the "GAZelle" light commercial vehicle in that it does require a category C driver's license. The production of the truck ended in December 2015. Manufacturing history After the economic collapse in the late 1990s, the Gorky Automobile Plant cartel (along with AMO), created a flat-bed trailer to transport medium duty trucks in response to market demand. The first models were created in conjunction with MAZ. Minsk Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the admi ... residents later refused to supply their GAZ type MAZ-5336, and instead launched a family of five-ton, low loader trucks; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gorky (, ; 1932–1990), is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District. The city is located at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers in Central Russia, with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.7 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Nizhny Novgorod is the sixth-largest city in Russia, the second-most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. It is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theaters, museums and churches. The city w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Driving Licence In Russia
The Russian Empire was one of the first countries to create a driving licence. Russia's first licences were issued in 1900 by Saint Petersburg authorities, and Russia joined an international convention in 1909. However, due to relatively small number of cars, the attempts to create a standardised Russian licence were rather sporadic and limited to major urban areas. No comprehensive system of driver licensing was present until 1936, when the Soviet Union, Soviet government organised and standardised traffic and driving regulations, with the state-wide system regulated by GAI, specialised police authorities. Driving on-road vehicles Since March 2011 there are following categories that require a driving licence: *A: any type of motorcycles **A1: motorcycles with engine capacity not more than 125 cm3 and engine power not more than 11 kW *B: cars (automobiles) with permissible maximum weight not more than 3.5tons and number of passenger seats not more than 8 (optionally with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZ Group Trucks
GAZ or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (russian: ГАЗ or Го́рьковский автомоби́льный заво́д, , Gorky Automobile Plant) is a Russian automotive manufacturer located in Nizhny Novgorod, formerly known as Gorky (Горький) (1932–1990). It is the core subsidiary of GAZ Group Holding, which is itself part of Basic Element industrial group. JSC Russian Machines is the controlling shareholder in OAO GAZ. History Early history In May 1929 the Soviet Union signed an agreement with the American Ford Motor Company.Odin, L.C. ''World in Motion 1939 - The whole of the year's automobile production''. Belvedere Publishing, 2015. ASIN: B00ZLN91ZG. Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod. The factory was founded and production started on 1 January 1932. At the time the fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dump Truck
A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump trailer, dumper trailer, dump lorry or dumper lorry or a dumper for short, is used for transporting materials (such as dirt, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction as well as coal. A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic rams to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited ("dumped") on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. In the UK, Australia, South Africa and India the term applies to off-road construction plants only and the road vehicle is known as a tip lorry, tipper lorry (UK, India), tipper truck, tip truck, tip trailer or tipper trailer or simply a tipper (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa). History The dump truck is thought to have been first conceived in the farms of late 19th century western Europe. Thornycroft developed a steam dust-cart in 1896 with a tipper mechanism. The first motorized dump truck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Safety And Security Exhibition 2012 (452-9)
Integration may refer to: Biology *Multisensory integration *Path integration * Pre-integration complex, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome *DNA integration, by means of site-specific recombinase technology, performed by a specific class of recombinase enzymes ("integrases") Economics and law *Economic integration, trade unification between different states *Horizontal integration and vertical integration, in microeconomics and strategic management, styles of ownership and control *Regional integration, in which states cooperate through regional institutions and rules *Integration clause, a declaration that a contract is the final and complete understanding of the parties *A step in the process of money laundering *Integrated farming, a farm management system *Integration (tax), a feature of corporate and personal income tax in some countries Engineering *Data integration * Digital integration *Enterprise integration *Integrated architect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavlovo Bus Factory
Pavlovo Bus Factory (russian: Павловский автобус, formerly , Pavlovsky Avtobusny Zavod or PAZ) is a manufacturer of buses in Russia, in the city of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. PAZ is a subsidiary of Russian Buses which is a division of GAZ. Pavlovo Bus Factory specializes in designing and manufacturing buses of the small/medium class (length 9.7 m). Buses are the most common plant in Russia, their annual output is over 10 thousand units, almost 80% of small buses in Russia. The small PAZ buses have long been used by Russian "fixed-route taxi" (''marshrutka'') operators. Starting in 2015, the GAZ Group has introduced a single brand for all its bus manufacturing subsidiaries, and newly manufactured vehicles now feature the deer badge of the GAZ company. History The factory has its origins in the ZATI automobile and tractor tool plant, established in Pavlovo in 1932. The building of the factory started in 1952, and in the same year the first PAZ-651 long-hood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KAvZ
KAvZ (russian: Курганский автобусный завод (КАвЗ), Kurgansky Avtobusny Zavod, Kurgan Bus Plant) is a bus manufacturer in Kurgan, KGN, Russia. The factory started producing buses in 1958, based on trucks from GAZ. During the 1990s, it assembled Ikarus buses for the Russian market. Now a subsidiary of GAZ, it specialises in producing small buses, in particular school buses. KAvZ is a subsidiary of Russian Buses which is a subsidiary of GAZ Group. Starting in 2015, the GAZ Group has introduced a single brand for all its bus manufacturing subsidiaries, and newly manufactured vehicles now feature the deer badge of the GAZ company. Models Current * KAvZ-4238 Aurora (2006–present) * KAvZ-4235 Aurora (2008–present) * KAvZ-4270 (2016–present) Former * KAvZ-651 (1958-1973) * KAvZ-663 (1961-1966) * KAvZ-685/3270/3271 (1971-1991) * KAvZ-3100 (1976) * KAvZ-49471 (1981-1985) -truckbus * KAvZ-4959 (1985) -truckbus A combination bus, also called a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk District (raion). As of January 2021, its population was 2 million, making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). First documented in 1067, Minsk became the capital of the Principality of Minsk before being annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1242. It received town privileges in 1499. From 1569, it was the capital of the Minsk Voivodeship, an administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919 to 1991, aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minsk Automobile Plant
Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ) ( be, Адкрытaе Акцыянэрнaе Таварыства «Мінскі аўтамабільны завод», ''Open JSC Minski Autamabilny Zavod'', russian: Минский автомобильный завод ''Minskyi Avtomobilnyi Zavod'') is a state-run automotive manufacturer association in Belarus, one of the largest in Eastern Europe. History After a decision by the Soviet Industrial command in August 1944, the plant was begun as the Second World War ended. The first MAZ model, the MAZ-200, entered production in 1949. This truck used General Motors-designed two-stroke engines and was a continuation of a truck developed by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ), who also built the engines. Later on, YaMZ's own original engines were developed and implemented in the MAZ-500 series which was first shown in 1955, but only reaching full series production in 1965.Schauen, p.64 Apartment buildings, shops, medical clinics, cinemas etc. were buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truck Classification
Truck classifications are typically based upon the maximum loaded weight of the truck, typically using the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) and sometimes also the gross trailer weight rating (GTWR), and can vary among jurisdictions. United States In the United States, commercial truck classification is determined based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). The classes are numbered 1 through 8. Trucks are also classified more broadly by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), which groups classes 1 and 2 as ''light duty'', 3 through 6 as ''medium duty'', and 7 and 8 as ''heavy duty''. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a separate system of emissions classifications for trucks. The United States Census Bureau also assigned classifications in its now-discontinued Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) (formerly Truck Inventory and Use Survey (TIUS)). United States federal law requires drivers to have a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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