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Driving Licence In Russia
The Russian Empire was one of the first countries to create a driving licence. Russia's first licences were issued in 1900 by Saint Petersburg authorities, and Russia joined an international convention in 1909. However, due to relatively small number of cars, the attempts to create a standardised Russian licence were rather sporadic and limited to major urban areas. No comprehensive system of driver licensing was present until 1936, when the Soviet Union, Soviet government organised and standardised traffic and driving regulations, with the state-wide system regulated by GAI, specialised police authorities. Driving on-road vehicles Since March 2011 there are following categories that require a driving licence: *A: any type of motorcycles **A1: motorcycles with engine capacity not more than 125 cm3 and engine power not more than 11 kW *B: cars (automobiles) with permissible maximum weight not more than 3.5tons and number of passenger seats not more than 8 (optionally with t ...
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Vienna Convention On Road Traffic
The Convention on Road Traffic, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, is an international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing standard traffic rules among the contracting parties. The convention was agreed upon at the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. It came into force on 21 May 1977. This conference also produced the Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The Convention had amendments on 3 September 1993 and 28 March 2006. There is a European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which was concluded in Geneva on 1 May 1971. Contracting parties The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic was concluded at Vienna on 8 November 1968. Since its entry into force on 21 May 1977, in signatory countries ("Contracting Parties") it replaces previous road traffic conventions, ...
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Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction. Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised. Etymology The word ''tractor'' was taken from Latin, being the agent noun of ''trahere'' "to pull". The first recorded use of the word meaning "an engine or vehicle for pulling wagons or plows" occurred in 1896, from the earlier term " traction motor" (1859). National variations In the UK, Ireland, Australia, India, Spain, Argentina, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, the Netherlands, and Germany, the word "tractor" u ...
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Haul Truck
Haul trucks are off-highway, rigid dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and heavy-duty construction environments. Haul trucks are also used for transporting construction equipment from job site to job site. Some are multi-axle in order to support the equipment that is being hauled. Description Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T Wabco 3200/B, had three axles. Haul truck capacities range from to . Large quarry-sized trucks range from . A good example of this is the Caterpillar 775 (rated at ). Quarry operations are typically smaller than, say, a gold/copper mine, and require smaller trucks. Ultra class The largest, highest-payload-capacity haul trucks are referred to as ''ultra class'' trucks. The ultra class includes all haul trucks with a payload capacity of or greater. , the BelAZ 75710 has the highest payload capacity, . Rear-eject A rear-eject configuration is ...
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TREKOL-39294
The TREKOL-39294 is a Russian six-wheeled amphibious all-terrain vehicle produced by TREKOL. The 39294 is available in two versions: passenger and freight and it uses large low-pressure tires. TREKOL manufactures the 39294 using UAZ and GAZ parts, which ensures easy operation, easy maintenance and repairs. The fiberglass body has a very low thermal conductivity and the possibility of operating at a temperature of −45 °C to 45 °C. The vehicle has a capacity, in the passenger models, for up to 8 people. Maximum speed −70 km/h. All-terrain vehicles may be equipped with petrol or diesel engines, as well as water jet Water jet may refer to: * A jet of water under pressure, like in an ornamental fountain * Pump-jet, a marine propulsion mechanism for jetskis and other types of boats * Water jet cutter, a tool for cutting and the machining of engineering material ... to move through the water. It is also featured in the game Snowrunner renamed as the Yar 87. Speci ...
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Amphibious Vehicle
An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian), is a vehicle that is a means of transport viable on land as well as on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles and hovercraft. Classic landing craft are not amphibious vehicles as they do not offer any real land transportation at all, although they are part of amphibious warfare. Ground effect vehicles, such as ''ekranoplans'', will likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles. General technical notes Apart from the distinction in sizes mentioned above, two main categories of amphibious vehicles are immediately apparent: those that travel on an air-cushion ( Hovercraft) and those that do not. Amongst the latter, many designs were prompted by the desire to expand the off-road capabilities of land-vehicles to an "all-terrain" ability, in some cases not only focused on creating a tr ...
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Off-road Vehicle
An off-road vehicle, sometimes referred to as an overland or adventure vehicle, is considered to be any type of vehicle which is capable of driving on and off paved or gravel surface. It is generally characterized by having large tires with deep, open treads, a flexible suspension, or even caterpillar tracks. Other vehicles that do not travel on public streets or highways are generally termed off-highway vehicles, including tractors, forklifts, cranes, backhoes, bulldozers, and golf carts. Off-road vehicles have an enthusiastic following because of their versatility. Several types of motorsports involve racing off-road vehicles. The most common use of these vehicles is for sightseeing in areas distant from the pavement. The use of higher clearance and higher traction vehicles enables access on trails and forest roads that have rough and low traction surfaces. Off-road vehicles can typically ford through deeper waters (i.e., rivers or floodwaters) than on-road vehicles can. ...
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Snowmobile
A snowmobile, also known as a Ski-Doo, snowmachine, sled, motor sled, motor sledge, skimobile, or snow scooter, is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow. It is designed to be operated on snow and ice and does not require a road or trail, but most are driven on open terrain or trails. Snowmobiling is a sport that many people have taken on as a serious hobby. Older snowmobiles could generally accommodate two people; however, most snowmobiles manufactured since the 1990s have been designed to only accommodate one person. Snowmobiles built with the ability to accommodate two people are referred to as "2-up" snowmobiles or "touring" models and make up an extremely small share of the market. Most snowmobiles do not have any enclosures, except for a windshield, and their engines normally drive a continuous track at the rear. Skis at the front provide directional control. Early snowmobiles used simple rubber tracks, but modern snowmobiles' tracks are usu ...
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All-terrain Vehicle
An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a light utility vehicle (LUV), a quad bike, or simply a quad, as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not street-legal within most states, territories and provinces of Australia, the United States or Canada. By the current ANSI definition, ATVs are intended for use by a single operator, although some companies have developed ATVs intended for use by the operator and one passenger. These ATVs are referred to as tandem ATVs. The rider sits on and operates these vehicles like a motorcycle, but the extra wheels give more stability at slower speeds. Although most are equipped with three or four wheels, six-wheel mode ...
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Ministry Of Agriculture (Russia)
The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации) is a ministry of the Government of Russia responsible for agricultural production, soil conservation, rural development, agricultural market regulation, and financial stabilization of the farm sector. The Ministry of Agriculture is subdivided into functional departments including the Federal Agency for Fishery and the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Supervision. It was formed from the Russian SFSR branch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food in 1990 and is headquartered in the Narkomzem Building in Krasnoselsky District, Moscow. Dmitry Patrushev has been Minister of Agriculture since 18 May 2018. History The first Imperial Russian ministry to deal with agricultural and rural issues was the Ministry of State Assets of the Russian Empire, formed in 1837. Successor ministries were:Volin, Шило ...
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Federal Subjects Of Russia
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (russian: субъекты федерации, subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia. Kaliningrad Oblast is the only federal subject geographically separated from the rest of the Russian Federation by other countries. According to the Russian Constitution, the Russian Federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts, cities of federal importance, an autonomous oblast and autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the Russian Federation. Three Russian cities of federal importance (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol) have a status of both city and separate federal subject which comprises other cities and towns (Zelenograd, Troitsk, ...
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Ministry Of Internal Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD; russian: Министерство внутренних дел (МВД), ''Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del'') is the interior ministry of Russia. The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration Affairs, Drugs Control, Traffic Safety, the Centre for Combating Extremism, and the Investigative Department. The MVD is headquartered in Zhitnaya Street 16 in Yakimanka, Moscow. The MVD claims ancestry from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire founded in 1802 by Tsar Alexander I which became the interior ministry of the Russian Republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Soviet Union. The MVD was dissolved and reformed several times during the Stalin era until being established as the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1946. The current MVD was formed in 1990 from the Russian branch of the MVD of the USSR shortly ...
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