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Güstrow–Schwaan Railway
The Güstrow–Schwaan railway is a single-track, electrified main line in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. History In 1850, a branch was opened from the Bad Kleinen–Rostock railway in Bützow to Güstrow. In the following years the network was further expanded, including a connection from Güstrow to Neubrandenburg opened in 1864, which was extended to Stettin (now Szczecin in Poland) in 1867. Güstrow–Meyenburg railway, The line from Gustrow to Plau was opened in 1882. What was still missing was a direct connection between Rostock and Güstrow, the largest and the fourth largest towns in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway (Lloyd Railway) was put into operation in 1886, connecting Rostock with Neustrelitz Hauptbahnhof, Neustrelitz and Berlin Nordbahnhof, Berlin, but bypassing Güstrow. A year later, two lines between Rostock and Güstrow emerged almost simultaneously. On the one hand, the Priemerburg–Plaaz railway was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15 KV AC Railway Electrification
Railway electrification systems using at are used on transport railways in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway. The high voltage enables high power transmission with the lower frequency reducing the losses of the traction motors that were available at the beginning of the 20th century. Railway electrification in late 20th century tends to use AC systems which has become the preferred standard for new railway electrifications but extensions of the existing networks are not completely unlikely. In particular, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (opened on 1 June 2016) still uses 15 kV, 16.7 Hz electrification. Due to high conversion costs, it is unlikely that existing systems will be converted to despite the fact that this would reduce the weight of the on-board step-down transformers to one third that of the present devices. History The first electrified railways used series-wound DC motors, first at 600 V and then 1,500 V. Areas with 3 kV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Reparations
War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. History Making one party pay a war indemnity is a common practice with a long history. Rome imposed large indemnities on Carthage after the First (Treaty of Lutatius) and Second Punic Wars. Some war reparations induced changes in monetary policy. For example, the French payment following the Franco-Prussian war played a major role in Germany's decision to adopt the gold standard; the 230 million silver taels in reparations imposed on defeated China after the First Sino-Japanese War led Japan to a similar decision. There have been attempts to codify reparations both in the Statutes of the International Criminal Court and the UN Basic Principles on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims, and some scholars have argued that individuals should have a right to seek compensation for wrongs they sustained during warfare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leipzig Hauptbahnhof
Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (Leipzig main station, ) is the central railway terminus in Leipzig, Germany, in the district Mitte. At , it is Europe's largest railway station measured by floor area. It has 19 overground platforms housed in six iron train sheds, a multi-level concourse with towering stone arches, and a long facade at the northeastern section of the Inner City Ring Road. The two Leipzig City Tunnel platforms were inaugurated in December 2013. The station is operated by DB Station&Service, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn, and is classified as a Category 1 station, one of twenty in Germany. It also functions as a large shopping centre. Train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland, Erfurter Bahn and Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn. As of 2008, Leipzig Hauptbahnhof handled an average of 120,000 passengers per day. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutherstadt Wittenberg Railway Station
Lutherstadt Wittenberg Hauptbahnhof (until December 2016: ''Bahnhof Lutherstadt Wittenberg'' in German) is a railway station located in Wittenberg, Germany. The station opened on 3 August 1859 is located on the Berlin–Halle railway and Roßlau–Falkenberg/Elster railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn. With over 5000 passengers per day, it is the most important railway station in the eastern part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt. Location and name The station is located in the east of Wittenberg, about one kilometre from the historic city centre. The Berlin–Halle railway, running from the northeast to the southwest, and the Roßlau–Falkenberg/Elster railway, running east-west, cross at the station. The station was originally called only ''Wittenberg'' and later ''Wittenberg (Prov Sachs)'', indicating that it was in the Province of Saxony. Since 1938, the city has been nicknamed ''Lutherstadt'' (Luther city) and the station has also been called ''Lutherstad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Hauptbahnhof
Berlin Hauptbahnhof () (English: Berlin Central Station) is the main railway station in Berlin, Germany. It came into full operation two days after a ceremonial opening on 26 May 2006. It is located on the site of the historic Lehrter Bahnhof, and on the Berlin S-Bahn Rapid transit, suburban railway. The station is operated by DB Station&Service, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG, and is classified as a German railway station categories, Category 1 station, one of 21 in Germany and four in Berlin, the others being Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station, Berlin Gesundbrunnen, Berlin Südkreuz and Berlin Ostbahnhof. ''Lehrter Bahnhof'' (Lehrte Station) opened in 1871 as the terminus of the Berlin-Lehrte railway, railway linking Berlin with Lehrte, near Hanover, which later became Germany's most important east–west main line. In 1882, with the completion of the Berlin Stadtbahn, Stadtbahn (City Railway, Berlin's four-track central elevated train, elevated railway line, which carries both lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regional-Express
In Germany, Luxembourg and Austria, the Regional-Express (RE, or in Austria: REX) is a type of regional train. It is similar to a semi-fast train, with average speed at about 70–90 km/h (top speed often 160 km/h) as it calls at fewer stations than '' Regionalbahn'' or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than ''InterCity'' services. Operations The first Regional-Express services were operated by DB Regio, though since the liberalisation of the German rail market (''Bahnreform'') in the 1990s many operators have received franchise rights on lines from the federal states. Some private operators currently operate trains that are similar to a Regional-Express service, but have decided to use their own names for the sake of brand awareness instead. Regional-Express services are carried out with a variety of vehicles such as DMUs (of Class 612), EMUs (of Class 425 or 426) or, most commonly, electric or diesel locomotives with double-deck cars, the latter often with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostock Hauptbahnhof
Rostock Hauptbahnhof, also Rostock Central Station (from 1896 until the turn of the 20th century called ''Rostock Central-Bahnhof''), is the main railway station in the German city of Rostock. It is situated well to the south of the city centre, to which it is linked by tram. The station was opened in 1886 by the ''Deutsch-Nordischer Lloyd'', operating a combined railway/ferry line to Nykøbing Falster in Denmark. The station was expanded in 1913 and 1922, but was heavily damaged in World War II. The importance of the traditional route to Hamburg and Copenhagen diminished after the post-World War II division of Germany, with long-distance services instead focusing on cities within the German Democratic Republic. Electrification reached the station in 1985. After German reunification, the station was extensively modernised. History Today's station was opened in 1886 by the ''Deutsch-Nordische-Lloyd'' (German-Nordic-Lloyd) Railway Company as the ''Lloyd-Bahnhof'' (“station of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warnemünde Station
Warnemünde station is located in the seaside resort of Warnemünde, a district of the Hanseatic city of Rostock in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The station opened on 30 September 1903 and is located on the Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway. It is the terminus of all three Rostock S-Bahn lines. In addition, some long-distance trains serve the station. Until 1995, it was the starting point of ferries to Gedser in Denmark. The station building and some other facilities of the station have heritage protection. Infrastructure The station is located on an island between two arms of the estuary of the Warnow, the old and the new channel, a few metres away from the Baltic Sea. A swing bridge connects it to the west to the centre of Warnemünde. To the east of the station on the new channel is the Warnemünde Cruise Terminal, which is the location of berths for cruise ships as well as the departure point of the ferry crossing the Warnow to Hohe Düne. The station ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostock S-Bahn
The Rostock S-Bahn (german: S-Bahn Rostock) is a S-Bahn (suburban railway) network in Rostock in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It consists of three lines with a total length of about 90 km. Line S1 runs from Rostock Hauptbahnhof (main station) to Warnemünde within the Rostock urban area. S-Bahn operations started in 1970s. Later, the lines to the north-east to the port (''Seehafen'') of Rostock and to the south to the town of Güstrow via Schwaan were included in the S-Bahn network. The line to the port was discontinued in 2012, but at same time the line to Güstrow via Laage was included as line S3 of the S-Bahn. Until 2014 they were mainly operated as push–pull trains with double-deck coaches. Since then all lines have been operated with new Bombardier Talent 2 railcars. Lines Line S1 runs west of the Unterwarnow from Warnemünde through the built-up areas of Lichtenhagen, Lütten Klein, Evershagen and through the industrial areas of Marienehe and Bramow be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D-Züge
A ''Schnellzug'' is an express train in German-speaking countries, where it refers to trains that do not stop at all stations along a line. The term is used both generically and also as a specific train type. In Germany and Austria it is also referred to colloquially as a ''D-Zug'', a short form of ''Durchgangszug'' ("through train"), and express train services were often given numbers preceded by the letter ''D''. The similar term, ''snälltåg'', was used in Sweden until January 1980. On the railway networks operated by the Deutsche Bahn (DB), the Austrian Federal Railway (ÖBB) and the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) today, express trains are divided into categories such as Eurocity, Intercity, Interregio etc. The DB still occasionally runs ''D-Zug'' services in night trains ('' D-Nacht''), especially those to its eastern European neighbours, and as relief trains. Museum services running on DB routes are also given ''D-Zug'' numbers. ÖBB runs D-Züge on main routes from/to Vienn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Divisions In Germany
In Germany and Austria, the running of railway services for a railway administration or the regional network of a large railway company was devolved to railway divisions, variously known as ''Eisenbahndirektionen (ED), Bundesbahndirektionen (BD)'' or ''Reichsbahndirektionen (RBD/Rbd)''. Their organisation was determined by the railway company concerned or by the state railway and, in the German-speaking lands at least, they formed the intermediate authorities and regional management organisations within the state railway administration's hierarchy. On the formation of the Deutsche Bahn AG in 1994 the system of railway divisions (''Eisenbahndirektionen'') in Germany was discontinued and their tasks were transferred to new "business areas". Germany State railway divisions Incorporation into the state government The first railway divisions of the various German state railways (known as ''Länderbahnen''), usually reported to a specific government ministry. For example, in Prus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relay Interlocking
In railway signalling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. The signalling appliances and tracks are sometimes collectively referred to as an ''interlocking plant''. An interlocking is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe. Interlocking is a safety measure designed to prevent signals and points/switches from being changed in an improper sequence. For example interlocking would prevent a signal from being changed to indicate a diverging route, unless the corresponding points/switches had been changed first. In North America, the official railroad definition of interlocking is: "''An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence''". Configuration and use A minimal interlocking consists of signals, but usually i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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