|
Gymnote
''Gymnote'' was one of the world's first all-electric submarines and the first functional submarine equipped with torpedoes. Launched on 24 September 1888, she was developed in France following early experiments by Henri Dupuy de Lôme, and, after his death, by Gustave Zédé (1825–1891) and Arthur Krebs, who completed the project. For ''Gymnote'', Arthur Krebs developed the electric engine, the first naval periscope and the first naval electric gyrocompass. The name "Gymnote" refers to the Gymnotids, the "electric eels". The submarine was built with a steel single hull, a detachable lead keel, and three hydroplanes on each side. She made over 2,000 dives, using 204 cell batteries. She was armed with two torpedoes. ''Gymnote'' was partly inspired by the earlier development of the submarine , the world's first mechanically powered submarine. Construction ''Gymnote'' was an experimental design and so was subject to continuous changes through its lifetime. The original d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrocompass
A gyrocompass is a type of non-magnetic compass which is based on a fast-spinning disc and the rotation of the Earth (or another planetary body if used elsewhere in the universe) to find geographical direction automatically. The use of a gyrocompass is one of the seven fundamental ways to determine the heading of a vehicle. A gyroscope is an essential component of a gyrocompass, but they are different devices; a gyrocompass is built to use the effect of gyroscopic precession, which is a distinctive aspect of the general gyroscopic effect. Gyrocompasses are widely used for navigation on ships, because they have two significant advantages over magnetic compasses: * they find true north as determined by the axis of the Earth's rotation, which is different from, and navigationally more useful than, ''magnetic'' north, and * they are unaffected by ferromagnetic materials, such as in a ship's steel hull, which distort the magnetic field. Aircraft commonly use gyroscopic instrumen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Constantin Krebs
Arthur Constantin Krebs (16 November 1850 in Vesoul, France – 22 March 1935 in Quimperlé, France) was a French officer and pioneer in automotive engineering. Life Collaborating with Charles Renard, he piloted Timeline of aviation - 19th century, the first fully controlled free-flight made in the French Army airship ''La France (airship), La France'', which was designed in 1884. The flight covered in 23 minutes. It was with a landing at the starting point. On its seven flights the ''La France'' dirigible returned five times to its starting point. Krebs shared the 1886 Ponti prize of the French ''Académie des sciences'', with Charles Renard, for their contribution to Aerostation. Krebs inspired Jules Verne, in Verne's novel Voyages Extraordinaires, ''Robur The Conqueror'' written in 1886, he writes of "the striking experiments of Captain Krebs and Captain Renard". In 1888 Krebs and Gustave Zédé designed the first modern French submarine, the ''Gymnote''. The submar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrocompass
A gyrocompass is a type of non-magnetic compass which is based on a fast-spinning disc and the rotation of the Earth (or another planetary body if used elsewhere in the universe) to find geographical direction automatically. The use of a gyrocompass is one of the seven fundamental ways to determine the heading of a vehicle. A gyroscope is an essential component of a gyrocompass, but they are different devices; a gyrocompass is built to use the effect of gyroscopic precession, which is a distinctive aspect of the general gyroscopic effect. Gyrocompasses are widely used for navigation on ships, because they have two significant advantages over magnetic compasses: * they find true north as determined by the axis of the Earth's rotation, which is different from, and navigationally more useful than, ''magnetic'' north, and * they are unaffected by ferromagnetic materials, such as in a ship's steel hull, which distort the magnetic field. Aircraft commonly use gyroscopic instrumen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Submarines Of France
The submarines of France include Nuclear submarine, nuclear attack submarines and nuclear ballistic missile submarines of various List of submarine classes, classes, operated by the French Navy as part of the Submarine forces (France), French Submarine Forces. Each French Navy vessel, including French submarines have for military awards and decorations their respective fanion insignia. In service Nuclear attack submarines * *# (1987–present) *# (1988–present) *# (1992–present) *# (1993–present, in repair) * *# French submarine Suffren, ''Suffren'' (Q284) (2020–present) Nuclear ballistic missile submarines * *# (1997–present) *# (1999–present) *# (2004–present) *# (2010–present) Planned Nuclear attack submarines * *# (Launch 9 September 2022) *# (Laid down 2011) *# *# *# Nuclear ballistic missile submarines * SNLE 3G Retired from service Each French submarine from ''Gymnote'' onwards when ordered/constructed was given a sequential hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Zédé
Gustave Zédé was a French naval engineer and pioneering designer of submarines. Early life He was born in Paris in February 1825. After studying at the École Polytechnique in November 1843 he qualified in 1845 as a Marine engineer and went to work at the Brest Naval Dockyard. Career By 1863 he was chief engineer in charge of ship-building under the direction of Henri Dupuy de Lôme, and under his leadership Zédé helped design and build ''Gymnote'', the first practicable submarine, which was launched in 1880, In 1877 Zédé had become Director of Naval Construction, but in 1880 he left to be a director of the Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, a shipyard at Toulon. In 1880 he started planning the construction of ''Sirene'', a larger version of the ''Gymnote'' and France's (and one of the world's) earliest commissioned naval submarines. ''Sirene'' was ordered by the French Navy in 1890, and launched in 1893. After Zédé's death she was rename ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periscope
A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position. In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end set parallel to each other at a 45° angle. This form of periscope, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during World War I. Military personnel also use periscopes in some gun turrets and in armoured vehicles. More complex periscopes using prisms or advanced fiber optics instead of mirrors and providing magnification operate on submarines and in various fields of science. The overall design of the classical submarine periscope is very simple: two telescopes pointed into each other. If the two telescopes have different individual magnification, the difference between them causes an overall magnification or reduction. Early examples Johannes Hevelius described an early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Romazzotti
Gaston Romazotti was a French naval engineer of the late 19th and early 20th century, and an early designer of submarines. Early life Romazotti was born at Molsheim, in Bas-Rhin, in July 1855. After studying at the École Polytechnique and qualified as a marine engineer before starting work at the Toulon Naval Yard in southern France. Career At Toulon Romazotti worked with Henri Dupuy de Lôme and Gustave Zédé, both pioneers in submarine design, on the ''Gymnote'', one of the world's first all-electric submarines and the first functional submarine to be equipped with torpedoes. In 1897 he was appointed director of the Cherbourg Naval Yard, where Zédé had been working on '' Sirène'', completing her after Zédé's death and seeing her renamed ''Gustave Zédé'' in the late engineer's honour. That same year he started work on ''Morse'', a submarine of his own design, intended to combine the best features of both previous vessels. This was followed in 1900 with two more vesse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and Autonomous underwater vehicle, robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' irrespective of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. They were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navy, navies, large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines, and for aircraft carrier protection, Blockade runner, blockade running, Ballistic missile submarine, nuclear deterrence, reconnaissance, conventio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Dupuy De Lôme
Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de Lôme (; 15 October 18161 February 1885) was a French naval architect. He was the son of a naval officer and was born in Ploemeur near Lorient, Brittany, in western France. He was educated at the École Polytechnique and ENSTA. He was particularly active during the 1840–1870 period. After finishing his professional education, he went to England about 1842, and made a thorough study of iron shipbuilding and steam navigation. He wrote a report, subsequently published under the title of ''Mémoire sur la construction des bâtiments en fer'' in 1844. The first steam battleship After his return from England, Dupuy de Lôme started work at the arsenal in Toulon. At the time the only armed steamships in the French Navy were propelled by paddle-wheels, and there was great opposition to the introduction of steam power into line-of-battle ships. The paddle-wheel was seen to be unsuited to such large fighting vessels, and there was no confidence in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edison–Lalande Cell
The Edison–Lalande cell was a type of alkaline primary battery developed by Thomas Edison from an earlier design by Felix Lalande and Georges Chaperon. It consisted of plates of copper oxide and zinc in a solution of potassium hydroxide. The cell voltage was low (about 0.75 volts) but the internal resistance was also low so these cells were capable of delivering large currents. The cell could be replenished with fresh zinc and copper oxide plates and KOH solution for reuse. History Lalande–Chaperon cell In 1880, the manufacturer De Branville and Company of 25 rue de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, Paris exploited the patent of Lalande and Chaperon to build copper oxide batteries. In 1887, the French submarine Gymnote (Q1) was built. The boat was originally fitted with 540 Lalande–Chaperon alkaline cells which used zinc and copper oxide electrodes with potassium hydroxide electrolyte, manufactured by Coumelin, Desmazures and Baillache. Edison–Lalande cell Edison improve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarines Of The French Navy
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' irrespective of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. They were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies, large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines, and for aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, nuclear deterrence, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example, using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnotus
''Gymnotus'' is a genus of Neotropical freshwater fish in the family Gymnotidae found widely in South America, Central America and southern Mexico (36th parallel south to 18th parallel north). The greatest species richness is found in the Amazon basin. They are sometimes referred to by the English name banded knifefish, although this typically is reserved for the most widespread species, ''Banded knifefish, G. carapo''. Overall ''Gymnotus'' is the most widespread genus in the order Gymnotiformes. Although not commonly eaten by humans, some members of this genus are used locally as fishing bait, and occasionally kept in aquariums. Habitat ''Gymnotus'' occur in virtually any freshwater habitat in their range, even those with little oxygen (survives by breathing air directly from the water surface), areas affected by pollution, and for a period on land if their aquatic habitat dries out. Large species tend to live near floating vegetation along the edges of large rivers or floodplai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
