|
Gymnodinium Catenatum
''Gymnodinium'' is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton. It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as cellulosic plates. Since 2000, the species which had been considered to be part of ''Gymnodinium'' have been divided into several genera, based on the nature of the apical groove and partial LSU rDNA sequence data. Amphidinium was redefined later. Gymnodinium belong to red dinoflagellates that, in concentration, can cause red tides. The red tides produced by some Gymnodinium, such as Gymnodinium catenatum, are toxic and pose risks to marine and human life, including paralytic shellfish poisoning. Species * ''Amphidinium'' * ''Aureolum'' *''Gymnodinium'' sensu stricto * ''Gyrodinium'' *''Akashiwo'' *'' Karenia'' *''Karlodinium'' *''Katodinium'' *'' Takayama'' Former species ''Torodinium'' (with ''Torodinium robustum'' and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensu Stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage. Common qualifiers ''Sensu'' is the ablative case of the noun ''sensus'', here meaning "sense". It is often accompanied by an adjective (in the same case). Three such phrases are: *''sensu stricto'' – "in the strict sense", abbreviation ''s.s.'' or ''s.str.''; *''sensu lato'' – "in the broad sense", abbreviation ''s.l.''; *''sensu amplo'' – "in a relaxed, generous (or 'ample') sense", a similar meaning to ''sensu lato''. Søren Kierkegaard uses the phrase ''sensu eminenti'' to mean "in the pre-eminent r most important or significantsense". When appropriate, comparative and superlative adjectives may also be used to convey the meaning o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torodinium
''Torodinium'' (ˌtɔɹoʊˈdɪniəm) is a genus of unarmored dinoflagellates and comprises two species, ''Torodinium robustum'' and the type species ''Torodinium teredo''.Kofoid, C.A. and Swezy, O. 1921: The free-living unarmored dinoflagellate. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA The establishment of ''Torodinium'', as well as the characterization of the majority of its morphology, occurred in 1921 and further advances since have been slow. Lack of research is largely due to its extremely fragile and easily deformed nature, which also renders fossil records implausible. The genus was originally characterized by torsion of the sulcus and a posterior cingulum. Since then, new distinctive features have been discovered including an extremely reduced hyposome, a longitudinally ribbed episome, and a canal on the dextro-lateral side.Gómez, F., Takayama, H., Moreira, D., and López-García, P. 2016: Unarmoured dinoflagellates with a small hyposome: Torodinium a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takayama (dinoflagellate)
Takayama may refer to: People *Takayama (surname) Places *Takayama, Gifu, a city **Takayama Castle **Takayama Festival **Takayama Jinya **Takayama Station, a railway station *Takayama, Gunma, a village *Takayama, Nagano, a village *Takayama Main Line, a railway line Objects *Takayama, a shuttle craft in the movie ''Star Trek Into Darkness'' See also * 高山 (other) * Takiyama (other) Takiyama may refer to: * Takiyama Station, a railway station in Kawanishi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan *Takiyama Prefectural Natural Park, a national park of Western Tokyo, Japan * Takiyama Castle (other) People with the surname *, Japanese ... * Tamayama (other) * Katayama, a Japanese surname {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karlodinium
''Karlodinium'' is a genus of athecate dinoflagellate The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are ...s. They are often toxin producing, and compared to the other members of the Kareniaceae, are fairly small at <8-15 µm diameter. Species * '' Karlodinium antarcticum'' * '' Karlodinium armiger'' * ''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karenia (dinoflagellate)
''Karenia'' is a genus that consists of unicellular, photosynthetic, planktonic organisms found in marine environments. The genus currently consists of 12 described species. They are best known for their dense toxic algal blooms and red tides that cause considerable ecological and economical damage; some ''Karenia'' species cause severe animal mortality. One species, ''Karenia brevis'', is known to cause respiratory distress and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) in humans. Taxonomy The genus ''Karenia'' is named for Dr. Karen Steidinger for her exceptional contributions to dinoflagellate research. She has spent many decades researching ''Karenia brevis''. 12 species have been described in the genus ''Karenia'' thus far: * ''Karenia asterichroma'' * ''Karenia bicuneiformis'' * ''Karenia brevis'' * ''Karenia brevisulcata'' * ''Karenia concordia'' * ''Karenia cristata'' * ''Karenia digitata'' * ''Karenia longicanalis'' * ''Karenia mikimotoi'' * ''Karenia papilionacea'' * ''Kare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akashiwo
''Akashiwo sanguinea'' is a species of marine dinoflagellates well known for forming blooms that result in red tides. The organism is unarmored (naked). Therefore, it lacks a thick cellulose wall, the theca, common in other genera of dinoflagellates. Reproduction of the phytoplankton species is primarily asexual. Recently recognized as mixotrophic, ''A. sanguinea'' is capable of preying on various organisms. For example, ''A. sanguinea'' is found to be capable of ingesting the cyanobacterium ''Synechococcus'' sp. at values comparable to other heterotrophic phytoplankton. This suggests implications it may have on the grazing impact of ''Synechococcus''. Description Despite its lack of thecal plates, a prominent feature helpful in identifying armored flagellates, ''A. sanguinea'' is relatively large and easily recognizable. Like most dinoflagellates, one flagellum is complex, wrapping around the equator of the cell in a groove. The other flagellum extends out from the cell to help ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Tide
A harmful algal bloom (HAB) (or excessive algae growth) is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural phycotoxin, algae-produced toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means. HABs are sometimes defined as only those algal blooms that produce toxins, and sometimes as any algal bloom that can result in severely lower oxygen saturation, oxygen levels in natural waters, killing organisms in marine habitats, marine or fresh waters. Blooms can last from a few days to many months. After the bloom dies, the microorganism, microbes that decompose the dead algae use up more of the oxygen, generating a "dead zone (ecology), dead zone" which can cause fish kill, fish die-offs. When these zones cover a large area for an extended period of time, neither fish nor plants are able to survive. Harmful algal blooms in marine environments are often called "red tides". It is sometimes unclear what causes specific HABs as their occurrence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish and whales. Marine plankton include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa and drifting or floating animals that inhabit the saltwater of oceans and the brackish waters of estuaries. Freshwater plankton are similar to marine plankton, but are found in the freshwaters of lakes and rivers. Plankton are usually thought of as inhabiting water, but there are also airborne versions, the aeroplankton, that live part of their lives drifting in the atmosphere. These include plant spores, pollen and wind-scattered seeds, as well as microorganisms swept into the air from terrestrial dust storms and oceanic plankton swept into the air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnodiniaceae
Gymnodiniaceae is a family of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Gymnodiniales. Genera As accepted by GBIF; * '' Akashiwo'' G.Hansen & Moestrup (1) * '' Algidasphaeridium'' Matsuoka & Bujak, 1988 (3) * ''Amphidinium'' (1) * '' Apicoporus'' (1) * '' Barrufeta'' (1) * '' Bernardinium'' (4) * '' Cochlodinium'' (28) * '' Filodinium'' (1) * ''Gymnodinium'' (308) * ''Gyrodinium'' (55) * '' Lebouridinium'' (1) * '' Lepidodinium'' (2) * '' Levanderina'' (1) * '' Nusuttodinium'' (5) * '' Pelagodinium'' (1) * '' Plectodinium'' (1) * '' Pseliodinium'' (1) * '' Schillingia'' (1) * '' Sclerodinium'' (2) * '' Spiniferodinium'' (2) * '' Togula'' (3) * ''Torodinium ''Torodinium'' (ˌtɔɹoʊˈdɪniəm) is a genus of unarmored dinoflagellates and comprises two species, ''Torodinium robustum'' and the type species ''Torodinium teredo''.Kofoid, C.A. and Swezy, O. 1921: The free-living unarmored dinoflagellate ...'' (2) The number in brackets is the assumed number of spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(2).jpg "Click for more on -> Type Species")
