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Guillem De Balaun
Guillem (or Guilhem) de Balaun (fl. bef. 1223) was the castellan of Balazuc and a troubadour from the region around Montpellier. In his '' vida'', which has the characteristics of a ''razo'' because it sets the background for the song ''Lo vers mou mercejan vas vos'', he is described as "learned" (''adretz''). ''Vida'' His ''vida'' is long and detailed, narrating the Guillem's love story.The following account is adapted from the English translation of Margarita Egan, ed. (1984), ''The Vidas of the Troubadours''. (New York: Garland, ), pp. 47–50. See Carl August Friedrich Mahn (1853)''Die Biographieen der Troubadours in provenzalischer Sprache: in provenzalischer Sprache''(F. Duemmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung), pp. 24–26, for the original Occitan. Guillem fell in love with Guilhelma, wife of Peire, lord of Jaujac Jaujac () is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castellan
A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant of the medieval idea of the castellan as head of the local prison. The word stems from the Latin ''Castellanus'', derived from ''castellum'' "castle". Sometimes also known as a ''constable'' of the castle district, the Constable of the Tower of London is, in fact, a form of castellan, with representative powers in the local or national assembly. A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1194, Beatrice of Bourbourg inherited her father's castellany of Bourbourg upon the death of her brother, Roger. Similarly, Agnes became the castellan of Harlech Castle upon the death of her husband John de Bonvillars in 1287. Initial functions After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, foreign tribes migrated into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balazuc
Balazuc (; oc, Balasuc) is a Communes of France, commune in the Ardèche Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France. The village has been labelled a "Village of Character" by the Departmental Committee of Tourism. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The most beautiful villages in France) Association. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Balazucains'' or ''Balazucaines''. Geography Balazuc is located some 16 km south of Aubenas just east of Uzer, Ardèche, Uzer. Aubenas Aerodrome is just north of the commune. Access to the commune is by the D579 road from Vogüé in the north which passes through the commune east of the village and continues to Pradons in the south. The D294 branches off the D579 in the commune and goes west to the village. Apart from the village there are also the hamlets of Servière, Translatour, Le Retourtier, and Les Louanes in the commune. The commune is forested in the west and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, ''trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his ''De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of troubadou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montpellier
Montpellier (, , ; oc, Montpelhièr ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people lived in the city, while its Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 787,705.Comparateur de territoire INSEE, retrieved 20 June 2022. The inhabitants are called Montpelliérains. In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of the Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I of Aragon, James I), and then of Kingdom of Majorca, Majorca, before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the List of oldest univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vida (Occitan Literary Form)
''Vida'' () is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz. The word ''vida'' means "life" in Occitan languages; they are short prose biographies of the troubadours, and they are found in some chansonniers, along with the works of the author they describe. Vidas are notoriously unreliable: Mouzat, while complaining that some scholars still believe them, says they represent the authors as "ridiculous bohemians, and picaresque heroes"; Alfred Jeanroy calls them "the ancestors of modern novels". Most often, they are not based on independent sources, and their information is deduced from literal readings of details of the poems. Most of the ''vidas'' were composed in Italy, many by Uc de Saint Circ. Additionally, some individual poems are accompanied by ''razo A ''razo'' (, literally "cause", "reason") was a short piece of Occitan prose detailing the circumstances of a troubadour composition. A ''razo'' normally introduced an in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Razo
A ''razo'' (, literally "cause", "reason") was a short piece of Occitan prose detailing the circumstances of a troubadour composition. A ''razo'' normally introduced an individual poem, acting as a prose preface and explanation; it might, however, share some of the characteristics of a ''vida'' (a biography of a troubadour, describing his origins, his loves, and his works) and the boundary between the two genres was never sharp. In the ''chansonniers'', the manuscript collections of medieval troubadour poetry, some poems are accompanied by a prose explanation whose purpose is to give the reason why the poem was composed. These texts are occasionally based on independent sources. To that extent, they supplement the ''vidas'' in the same manuscripts and are useful to modern literary and historical researchers. Often, however, it is clear that assertions in the ''razos'' are simply deduced from literal readings of details in the poems. Most of the surviving ''razo'' corpus is the work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl August Friedrich Mahn
Carl August Friedrich Mahn (September 9, 1802 – January 27, 1887) was a German philologist and language teacher and researcher. Mahn was born in Zellerfeld. In 1828 he became a foreign-language teacher in Berlin, but he gained note mainly for his investigation into etymologies. He published several books on the subject as well as contributing extensively to the etymologies in the 1864 edition of the English-language ''Webster's Dictionary ''Webster's Dictionary'' is any of the English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by American lexicographer Noah Webster (1758–1843), as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's ...''. He also published several textbooks for learners of French, English, Italian, Latin, and ancient Greek, as well as works on a variety of other linguistic and literary subjects. He died in Steglitz in 1887. References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahn, Carl August Friedrich 1802 births 1887 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaujac
Jaujac () is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area .... It was the site of the love story of Guillem de Balaun, the historicity of which is dubious. Geography The village lies in the northeastern part of the commune, on the right bank of the river Lignon, which flows northeast through the commune. Population See also * Communes of the Ardèche department References Communes of Ardèche Ardèche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{Ardèche-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peire De Barjac
Peire de Barjac was a Languedocian troubadour who flourished in the first half of the thirteenth century. He was a descendant of the troubadours Guillem de Randon and Garin lo Brun. Only one of poem that was certainly written by Peire survives: "Tot francamen, domna, veing denan vos". The rubric above the poem in the manuscript labels it a ''conjat'' and scholars have classified it as a ''mala canso'', or bad ''Canso (song), canso''. It is a song about leaving his lover. Many other songs are attributed to multiple troubadours in the manuscripts. Some attributed to Peire are also attributed to Peire de Bussignac, Berenguier de Palazol, Elias de Barjols, Guillem de la Tor, Pons de Capdoill and Uc de Saint Circ; yet few of these other attributions are reliable. One song attributed to Peire in one manuscript is unattributed in another. Stronski argues that the attribution to Elias de Barjols was an emendation by the scribe confronted with the unfamiliar name Peire de Barjac. Napolski c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard VII Of Anduze
Bernard (''Bernhard'') is a French and West Germanic masculine given name. It is also a surname. The name is attested from at least the 9th century. West Germanic ''Bernhard'' is composed from the two elements ''bern'' "bear" and ''hard'' "brave, hardy". Its native Old English reflex was ''Beornheard'', which was replaced by the French form ''Bernard'' that was brought to England after the Norman Conquest. The name ''Bernhard'' was notably popular among Old Frisian speakers. Its wider use was popularized due to Saint Bernhard of Clairvaux (canonized in 1174). Bernard is the second most common surname in France. Geographical distribution As of 2014, 42.2% of all known bearers of the surname ''Bernard'' were residents of France (frequency 1:392), 12.5% of the United States (1:7,203), 7.0% of Haiti (1:382), 6.6% of Tanzania (1:1,961), 4.8% of Canada (1:1,896), 3.6% of Nigeria (1:12,221), 2.7% of Burundi (1:894), 1.9% of Belgium (1:1,500), 1.6% of Rwanda (1:1,745), 1.2% of German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century French Troubadours
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo resiste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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