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Guillem D'Areny-Plandolit
Guillem Maria d'Areny i de Plandolit, 3rd baron Senaller and Gramenet, (19 February 1822 – 23 February 1876) was an Andorran nobleman and politician. Biography Early life Guillem d'Areny-Plandolit was born on 19 February 1822, in Seu d'Urgell – close to the Principality of Andorra in the Catalan Pyrenees. The only son of Josep Plandolit Targarona and Maria Rosa Areny, Areny-Plandolit belonged to one of the most prominent Catalan families at the time, with a long industrial and commercial background that traces its origins back to the 17th century. His mother died nine months after his birth, in September. Afterward, Josep and his son moved to Andorra, settling in Ordino where he eventually remarried. Josep died on 17 July 1843, aged 55, after a long illness. In 1841, at the age of 19, Areny-Plandolit married Maria Dolores Parella, Baroness of Senaller. They had seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Wife's murder Tragedy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Syndic Of The General Council
Until 1993, the first syndic was the speaker of the General Council of Andorra , image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg , symbol_type = Coat of arms , national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro .... Below is a list of office holders from 1841 until 1993: See also * List of general syndics of the General Council Footnotes {{DEFAULTSORT:First Syndics of the General Council of the Valleys Andorra politics-related lists * Lists of office-holders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captain General Of Catalonia
The office of Captain General of Catalonia ( es, Capitán general de Cataluña; ca, Capitá general de Catalunya) was created in 1713 by the Nueva Planta decrees of King Philip V of Spain to replace that of Viceroy of Catalonia This is a list of Spanish viceroys (also called lieutenants) of the Principality of Catalonia from 1479 to 1713. *1479–1493: Enrique de Aragón *1493–1495: Juan de Lanuza y Garabito *1495–1496: Juan Fernández de Heredia *149 .... List of Captains General of Catalonia Under Philip V Under Ferdinand VI Under Charles III Under Charles IV Under Ferdinand VII Under Joseph Bonaparte (Governor general) French Empire Under Ferdinand VII (restoration) Under Isabella II Provisional Government (1868–1871) Under Amadeo I First Republic Provisional Government (1873–1874) Under Alfonso XII Under Alfonso XIII Second Republic Under Francisco Franco Under Juan Carlos I Reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Isabella The Catholic
The Order of Isabella the Catholic ( es, Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order and honor granted to persons and institutions in recognition of extraordinary services to the homeland or the promotion of international relations and cooperation with other nations. The Order is open not only to Spaniards; it has been granted to many foreigners. The Order was created 1815 by King Ferdinand VII in honor of Queen Isabella I as the ''Real y Americana Orden de Isabel la Católica'' ("Royal and American Order of Isabella the Catholic") with the intent of "rewarding the firm allegiance to Spain and the merits of Spanish citizens and foreigners in good standing with the Nation and especially in those exceptional services provided in pursuit of territories in America and overseas." The Order was reorganized by royal decree on 26 July 1847, with the name "Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic", reflecting the loss of the mainland possessions in the Americas after the Spanish A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker (politics)
The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerford in the Parliament of England.Lee Vol 28, pp. 257,258. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the chamber or house. The speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as 'Mister Speaker', if a man, or 'Madam Speaker', if a woman. In other cultures, other styles are used, mainly being equivalents of English "chairman" or "president". Many bodies also have a speaker '' pro tempore'' (or deputy speaker), designated to fill in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Andorra
The national flag of the Principality of Andorra ( ca, Bandera d'Andorra) features a vertical tricolour of blue, yellow, and red with the coat of arms of Andorra in the center. Although the three vertical bars may at first appear to be of equal width, the centre yellow bar is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of bar widths is 8:9:8 with an overall flag ratio of 7:10. A civilian variant of the flag is said to have been created in 1866, although the design was standardized in 1993 after Andorra joined the United Nations. History The historical flag of Andorra, which was used from 1806 to 1866, featured two equally sized red and yellow vertical (sometimes horizontal) bands. It is claimed that this flag was granted by Napoleon in 1806 but use of the flag may go back to much earlier. A variant of the modern flag without the coat of arms is said to have been designed by Napoleon III, adding a blue stripe representing France (because colours of the old flag started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Andorra
The Constitution of Andorra ( ca, Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra. It was adopted on 2 February 1993 and given assent by the Andorran people in a referendum on 14 March 1993. According to the Constitution itself, it was to enter into force on the day of its publication in the ''Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra'', which occurred on 28 April 1993. The Constitution was signed by Andorra's two co-princes, the President of France, and the Bishop of Urgell, who at that time were François Mitterrand and Joan Martí Alanis respectively. The new constitution stipulates that these two officials are Andorra's heads of state. Indeed, this arrangement has existed for centuries, although at one time, the French king held the position now held by the French president. Contents Preamble The Andorran Constitution's preamble reads : :''The Andorran People, in their full freedom and independence, and in the exercise of their own sovereignty,'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pla De La Nova Reforma D'Andorra
PLA may refer to: Organizations Politics and military * People's Liberation Army, the armed forces of China and of the ruling Chinese Communist Party * People's Liberation Army (other) ** Irish National Liberation Army, formerly called the People's Liberation Army ** People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) ** People's Liberation Army of Manipur, India * Palestine Liberation Army, the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization * ProLife Alliance, a former UK political party Other organizations * Pacific Locomotive Association, operator of the Niles Canyon Railway in California, US * Pakistan Library Association * Pediatric Leadership Alliance, of the American Academy of Pediatrics * Phone Losers of America, a US phone phreaking group * Port of London Authority, England * Pre-school Learning Alliance, England * Public Library Association, a US professional association Science and technology * Principle of least astonishment, a principle in software design * Progra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Council (Andorra)
The General Council ( ca, Consell General d'Andorra, ) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. It is sometimes referred to as the General Council of the Valleys (Catalan: ''Consell General de les Valls'') because it was the historical name and to distinguish it from similarly named bodies in the Val d'Aran and in France. Organization There are twenty-eight "general councillors", who are elected for four-year terms based on party lists in a closed list system: *two general councillors from each of the seven parishes, elected from the list with most votes in each parish; *fourteen general councillors elected from national lists using the largest remainder method of proportional representation. The parish lists and the national list are independent of one another: the same person cannot appear on both the national list and on a parish list, and voters cast two separate ballots (there is no requirement to vote for the same party for both lists). This is a recent development; or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligarchy
Oligarchy (; ) is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or military control. Throughout history, power structures considered to be oligarchies have often been viewed as tyrannical, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as meaning rule by the rich, for which another term commonly used today is plutocracy. In the early 20th century Robert Michels developed the theory that democracies, like all large organizations, tend to turn into oligarchies. In his "Iron law of oligarchy" he suggests that the necessary division of labor in large organizations leads to the establishment of a ruling class mostly concerned with protecting their own power. Minority rule The exclusive consolidation of power by a dominant religious or et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reforms
Reform ( lat, reformo) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement which identified “Parliamentary Reform” as its primary aim.Reform in English Public Life: the fortunes of a word. Joanna Innes 2003 Reform is generally regarded as antithetical to revolution. Developing countries may carry out a wide range of reforms to improve their living standards, often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies. This can include reforms to macroeconomic policy, the civil service, and public financial management. In the United States, rotation in office or term limits would, by contrast, be more revolutionary, in altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents. Re-form When used to describe something which is ''physically'' formed again, such as re-casting ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercury(II) Cyanide
Mercury(II) cyanide, also known as mercuric cyanide, is a compound of mercury. It is an odorless, toxic white powder. It is highly soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohol, and ammonia; slightly soluble in ether; and insoluble in benzene and other hydrophobic solvents.Kocovsky, P., G. Wang, and V. Sharma. "Mercury(II) Cyanide." ''e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis.'' Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2001. http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eros/articles/rm034/sect0-fs.html Molecular and crystal structure At ambient temperature and ambient pressure, Hg(CN)2 takes the form of tetragonal crystals. These crystals are composed of nearly linear Hg(CN)2 molecules with a C-Hg-C bond angle of 175.0° and an Hg-C-N bond angle of 177.0° (AylettAylett, B.J. "Mercury (II) Pseudohalides: Cyanide, Thiocyanate, Selenocyanate, Azide, Fulminate." ''Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry'' 3:304-306. J.C. Bailar, Harry Julius Emeléus, Sir Ronald Nyholm, and A.F. Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garrote
A garrote or garrote vil (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte and similar variants''Oxford English Dictionary'', 11th Ed: garrotte is normal British English spelling, with single r alternate. Article title is US English spelling variant.) is a weapon, usually a handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line, used to strangle a person.Newquist, H.P. and Maloof, Rich, ''This Will Kill You: A Guide to the Ways in Which We Go'', New York: St. Martin's Press, (2009), pp. 133-6 Assassination weapon A garrote can be made out of many different materials, including ropes, cloth, cable ties, fishing lines, nylon, guitar strings, telephone cord or piano wire.Whittaker, Wayne, ''Tough Guys'', Popular Mechanics, February 1943, Vol. 79 No. 2, pp. 44Steele, David E., ''Silent Sentry Removal'', Black Belt Magazine, August 1986, Vol. 24 No. 8, pp. 48–49 A stick may be used to tighten the garrote; the Spanish word refers to the stick itself. In Spanish, the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
