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Guaizi Ma
The ''Guaizi Ma'' () is a military formation that was allegedly used by the Jin army when they invaded Southern China during the Song dynasty period of Chinese history (960-1279). It was once believed to involve the linking together of three cavalrymen with a hide rope to enhance their fighting capabilities. Later scholars believe that the ''Guaizi Ma'' was in fact a Song military cavalry tactic or the name of a particular unit of the Song army. Song dynasty records Also known as the ''Guaizi Zhen'' (拐子陣) or ''Guaizima Zhen'' (拐子馬陳), the ''Guaizi Ma'' was a troop deployment that involved left and right cavalry wings. There are also contemporary references to the tactic which use the terms ''Dong Xi Guaizi Zhen'' (東西拐子陣) and ''Guaizi Cheng'' (拐子城) as well as ''Liang Guaizi (两拐子). The first reference to the ''Guaizi Ma'' appears in Yue Ke's (岳珂) '' E Wang Xingshi Biannian'' (鄂王行实编年) or ''Account of the Lord of E’s life'' publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurchen People
Jurchen (Manchu: ''Jušen'', ; zh, 女真, ''Nǚzhēn'', ) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking peoples, descended from the Donghu people. They lived in the northeast of China, later known as Manchuria, before the 18th century. The Jurchens were renamed Manchus in 1635 by Hong Taiji. Different Jurchen groups lived as hunter-gatherers, pastoralist semi-nomads, or sedentary agriculturists. Generally lacking a central authority, and having little communication with each other, many Jurchen groups fell under the influence of neighbouring dynasties, their chiefs paying tribute and holding nominal posts as effectively hereditary commanders of border guards. Chinese officials of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) classified them into three groups, reflecting relative proximity to China: # Jianzhou (Chinese: 建州) Jurchens, some of whom were mixed with Korean and Chinese populations, lived in the proximity of the Mudan river, the Changbai mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Caishi
The Battle of Caishi (, approximately ) was a major naval engagement of the Jin–Song Wars of China that took place on November 26–27, 1161. It ended with a decisive Song victory, aided by their use of gunpowder weapons. Soldiers under the command of Wanyan Liang, the emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, tried to cross the Yangzi River to attack the Southern Song dynasty. Chen Kangbo, prime minister of the Song dynasty, was chief military strategist and commanded the navy. Yu Yunwen, a civil official, commanded the defending Song army. The paddle-wheel warships of the Song fleet, equipped with trebuchets that launched incendiary bombs made of gunpowder and lime, decisively defeated the light ships of the Jin navy. Overview Starting in 1125 the Jin had conquered former Song territories north of the Huai River. In 1142, a peace treaty settled the border between the two states, putting the Jin in control of northern China and the Song in control of the south. In 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tangdao
The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval engagement that took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. The conflict was part of the Jin-Song wars, and was fought near Tangdao Island. It was an attempt by the Jin to invade and conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, yet resulted in failure and defeat for the Jurchens. The Jin Dynasty navy was set on fire by firearms and Fire Arrows, suffering heavy losses. For this battle, the commander of the Song Dynasty squadron, Li Bao, faced the opposing commander Zheng Jia, the admiral of the Jin Dynasty. On the fate of Zheng Jia, the historical text of the ''Jin Shi'' states: This battle was followed by another naval confrontation, the Battle of Caishi (采石之战) taking place in 1161. The battle is significant in the technological history of the Song navy. The 20th-century historian Joseph Needham has called the era "one of continual innovation" when the size of the Song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝; pinyin: Sòng cháo; 960–1279) of China was an imperial dynasty that ruled most of China proper and southern China from the middle of the 10th century into the last quarter of the 13th century. The dynasty was established by Emperor Taizu of Song with his usurpation of the throne of Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song is considered a high point of classical Chinese innovation in science and technology, an era that featured prominent intellectual figures such as Shen Kuo and Su Song and the revolutionary use of gunpowder weapons. However, it was also a period of political and military turmoil, with opposing and often aggressive political factions formed at court that impeded political, social, and economic progress. The frontier management policies of the Chancellor Wang Anshi exacerbated hostile conditions along the Chinese-Vietnamese border. This sparked a border war with Vietnam's Lý dynasty, which wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Zaixing
Yang Zaixing (, died 21 August 1140) was a Song dynasty general under Yue Fei, known for his ferocity in battles. He fought against the Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars. His heroic death in the battle of Yancheng—where he led 300 cavalry to kill an estimated 2000 enemies before succumbing to hundreds of arrows piercing his body—made him a legendary figure still remembered today. The site of his last battle, near the Xiaoshang River (小商河; a tributary of Ying River), in modern Linying County, Henan, houses a mausoleum and temple dedicated to him. In the 18th-century novel ''General Yue Fei'' (說岳全傳), Yang Zaixing is said to be a descendant of the 10th/11th-century Generals of the Yang Family, also known for their bravery defending the Song dynasty against hostile foreign powers. In Jin Yong's ''Condor Trilogy'' novels (1957–1961), the fictional protagonists Yang Kang and Yang Guo Yang Guo, courtesy name Gaizhi, is the fictional protagonist of the wuxia nove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linying County
Linying County () is a county of central Henan province, China. It is under the administration of Luohe city. Administrative divisions As 2012, this county is divided to 9 towns and 6 townships. ;Towns ;Townships Climate See also *Nanjie Nanjie () is a village under the administration of the town of , Linying County, Henan. It is widely reported as being the last Maoist village in China, and has attracted considerable global attention due to its unique political and economic sy ..., a village in Linying County References County-level divisions of Henan Luohe {{Henan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Zizhong
Wang may refer to: Names * Wang (surname) (王), a common Chinese surname * Wāng (汪), a less common Chinese surname * Titles in Chinese nobility * A title in Korean nobility * A title in Mongolian nobility Places * Wang River in Thailand * Wang Township, Minnesota, a township in the United States * Wang, Bavaria, a town in the district of Freising, Bavaria, Germany * Wang, Austria, a town in the district of Scheibbs in Lower Austria * An abbreviation for the town of Wangaratta, Australia * Wang Theatre, in Boston, Massacheussetts * Charles B. Wang Center, an Asian American center at Stony Brook University Other * Wang (Tibetan Buddhism), a form of empowerment or initiation * Wang tile, in mathematics, are a class of formal systems * ''Wang'' (musical), an 1891 New York musical * Wang Film Productions, Taiwanese-American animation studios * Wang Laboratories, an American computer company founded by Dr. An Wang * WWNG, a radio station (1330 AM) licensed to serve Havelock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Xiaozong Of Song
Emperor Xiaozong of Song (27 November 1127 – 28 June 1194), personal name Zhao Shen, courtesy name Yuanyong, was the 11th emperor of the Song dynasty of China and the second emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He started his reign in 1162 when his adoptive father and predecessor, Emperor Gaozong, abdicated and passed the throne to him. Even though Emperor Gaozong became a ''Taishang Huang'' ("Retired Emperor") after his abdication, he remained the ''de facto'' ruler, so Emperor Xiaozong only took full power in 1187 after Emperor Gaozong's death. After ruling for about a year, Emperor Xiaozong followed in his predecessor's footsteps and abdicated in favour of his third son Zhao Dun (Emperor Guangzong), while he became ''Taishang Huang'' and still remained in power until his death in 1194. He was the first descendant of Emperor Taizu to become emperor. Names Zhao Shen's birth name was Zhao Bocong (趙伯琮). In March 1133, after Zhao Bocong entered the imperial pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deng Guangming
Dèng Guăngmíng (16 March 1907 – 10 January 1998) was a Chinese historian who specialized in the 10th to 13th century Song, Jin and Liao dynasties. Born in Linyi County, Shandong and known by the courtesy name Gongsan (), Deng's principal works include: *''Outline of Chinese History • The Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties'' () *''Wang Anshi's Political Reforms During the Northern Song Dynasty'' () *''Biography of Yue Fei'' () *''Biography of Xin Qiji'' () *''Biography of Chen Longchuan'' () *''Chronicle of Xin Qiji's Life'' () *''Annotated Works of Xin Qiji'' () *''Amended Institutional Function Records from the History of Song'' () *''Amended Criminal Law Records from the History of Song'' () Life Early life Born to a relatively well-off family in Qijia Village (), Linyi County, Deng entered a private school in 1913 at the age of six. In the autumn of 1920 he passed the entrance examination for the Lingao County Number One Advanced Primary School then three years later en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wujing Zongyao
The ''Wujing Zongyao'' (), sometimes rendered in English as the ''Complete Essentials for the Military Classics'', is a Chinese military compendium written from around 1040 to 1044. The book was compiled during the Northern Song dynasty by Zeng Gongliang (曾公亮), Ding Du (丁度) and Yang Weide (楊惟德), whose writing influenced many later Chinese military writers. The compendium was published under the auspices of Emperor Renzong of Song, who also authored the book's preface. The book covers a wide range of subjects, including everything from naval warships to different types of catapults. It contains the earliest known written chemical formulas for gunpowder, made from saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal along with many added ingredients. In addition to formulas for gunpowder, the compendium also contains details on various other gunpowder weapons such as fire arrows, incendiary bombs and projectiles, and grenades and smoke bombs. It also describes an early form of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
