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Grœnlendinga Saga
''Grœnlendinga saga'' () (spelled ''Grænlendinga saga'' in modern Icelandic and translated into English as the Saga of the Greenlanders) is one of the sagas of Icelanders. Like the ''Saga of Erik the Red'', it is one of the two main sources on the Norse colonization of North America. The saga recounts events that purportedly happened around 1000 and is preserved only in the late 14th century ''Flateyjarbók'' manuscript. The ''Saga of the Greenlanders'' starts with Erik the Red, who leaves Norway and colonizes Greenland. It then relates six expeditions to North America, led respectively by Bjarni, Leif, Thorvald, Thorstein and his wife Gudrid, Karlsefni, and Freydís. Bjarni and his crew discover three lands by chance during their voyage to Greenland, but they never set foot on the lands themselves. Leif learns about Bjarni's encounters and, after buying Bjarni's ship, sails to the lands to explore them. During his adventures, Leif names the three lands Helluland, Markland, and V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sagas Of Icelanders
The sagas of Icelanders ( is, Íslendingasögur, ), also known as family sagas, are one genre of Icelandic sagas. They are prose narratives mostly based on historical events that mostly took place in Iceland in the ninth, tenth, and early eleventh centuries, during the so-called Saga Age. They were written in Old Icelandic, a western dialect of Old Norse. They are the best-known specimens of Icelandic literature. They are focused on history, especially genealogical and family history. They reflect the struggle and conflict that arose within the societies of the early generations of Icelandic settlers. The Icelandic sagas are valuable and unique historical sources about medieval Scandinavian societies and kingdoms, in particular in regards to pre-Christian religion and culture. Eventually many of these Icelandic sagas were recorded, mostly in the 13th and 14th centuries. The 'authors', or rather recorders of these sagas are largely unknown. One saga, ''Egil's Saga'', is beli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorvald Eriksson
Thorvald Eiriksson ( non, Þórvaldr Eiríksson ; Modern Icelandic: ) was the son of Erik the Red and brother of Leif Erikson. The only Medieval Period source material available regarding Thorvald Eiriksson are the two '' Vinland sagas''; the ''Greenland Saga'' and the ''Saga of Erik the Red''. Although differing in various detail, according to both sagas Thorvald was part of an expedition for the exploration of Vinland and became the first European to die in North America. The ''Greenland Saga'' describes a voyage made by Bjarni Herjolfsson, and the subsequent voyages of Leif Eriksson, his brother Thorvald Eiriksson, his sister Freydís Eiríksdóttir, and the Icelandic merchant Thorfinn Karlsefni. The Saga describes hostilities with ''Skrælings'', the Norse term for the native peoples they met in the lands visited south and west of Greenland which they called Vinland and Markland. The ''Saga of Erik the Red'' tells the story as a single expedition led by Thorfinn Karlsefn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dag Strömbäck
Dag Alvar Strömbäck (13 August 1900 – 1 December 1978) was a Swedish philologist and ethnologist who was a professor at Uppsala University and a specialist in Old Norse studies. Biography Dag Strömbäck was born in :se:Järbo församling, Uppsala stift, Järbo församling, Sweden on 13 August 1900. He completed his studentexamen at Norra Latin in Stockholm, and subsequently studied at Uppsala University. At Uppsala, Strömbäck completed his Bachelor of Arts, B.A. in 1921, and his Ph.D. in 1935. Since 1941 he was a docent in Nordic languages at Uppsala. He also a docent in Icelandic language, Icelandic philology at Lund University since 1935, and a visiting professor at the University of Chicago from 1937 to 1939. From 1940 to 1967 he was a senior official at the Institutet för språk och folkminnen. From 1948 to 1967, Strömbäck was Professor of Nordic and Comparative Ethnology at Uppsala University. Strömbäck specialized in the study of Old Norse literature from a philo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grœnlendinga þáttr (I)
''Grœnlendinga þáttr'' ('The Tale of the Greenlanders') is a short story about the exploration of Vinland in North America by Leif Erikson and later Norse explorers, including Thorvald Eiriksson, Thorfinn Karlsefni, and Freydís Eiríksdóttir. The tale is preserved in the Flateyjarbók, in columns 281–288, where it is interpolated into the Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason. It is commonly combined and translated with Eiríks þáttr rauða as the Saga of the Greenlanders ''Grœnlendinga saga'' () (spelled ''Grænlendinga saga'' in modern Icelandic and translated into English as the Saga of the Greenlanders) is one of the sagas of Icelanders. Like the ''Saga of Erik the Red'', it is one of the two main sources on t .... Translations English translations of ''Grœnlendinga þáttr (I)'' can be found in: * Reeves, Arthur Middleton, The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the Icelandic Discovery of America', London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1890 (pages 64 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiríks þáttr Rauða
''Eiríks þáttr rauða'' ('The Tale of Erik the Red') is a short story about Erik the Red, the conversion of his son, Leif Erikson, to Christianity, and the Norse discovery of North America by Bjarni Herjólfsson. The tale is preserved in the Flateyjarbók, in columns 221–223, where it is interpolated into the Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason. It is commonly combined and translated with Grœnlendinga þáttr (I) as the Saga of the Greenlanders ''Grœnlendinga saga'' () (spelled ''Grænlendinga saga'' in modern Icelandic and translated into English as the Saga of the Greenlanders) is one of the sagas of Icelanders. Like the ''Saga of Erik the Red'', it is one of the two main sources on t .... Translations English translations of ''Eiríks þáttr rauða'' can be found in: * Reeves, Arthur Middleton, The Finding of Wineland the Good: The History of the Icelandic Discovery of America', London: Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, 1890 (pages 60–64, under the sections titl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Óláfs Saga Tryggvasonar En Mesta
''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta'' or ''The Greatest Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason'' is generically a hybrid of different types of sagas and compiled from various sources in the fourteenth century, but is most akin to one of the kings' sagas. It is an extended biography of King Óláfr Tryggvason and relates in detail the conversion to Christianity of Óláfr Tryggvason and Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld. Composed around 1300 it takes ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar'' in Snorri Sturluson's ''Heimskringla'' as its base but expands the narrative greatly with content from the previous biographies of the king by Oddr Snorrason and Gunnlaugr Leifsson as well as less directly related material. The saga is preserved in a number of manuscripts which can be divided into two groups; an earlier redaction preserved in the manuscripts ''AM 53 fol.'', ''AM 54 fol.'', ''AM 61 fol.'', ''Bergsbók'' and ''Húsafellsbók''. The second group is a later redaction preserved in ''AM 62 fol.'' and ''Flateyjarb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
þáttr
The ''þættir'' (Old Norse singular ''þáttr'', literally meaning a "strand" of rope or yarn)O'Donoghue (2004:226). are short stories written mostly in Iceland during the 13th and 14th centuries. The majority of ''þættir'' occur in two compendious manuscripts, ''Morkinskinna'' and ''Flateyjarbók'', and within them most are found as digressions within kings' sagas. Sverrir Tómasson regards those in ''Morkinskinna'', at least, as ''exempla'' or illustrations inseparable from the narratives that contain them, filling out the picture of the kings' qualities, good and bad, as well as adding comic relief.Sverrir Tómasson (2006:111-13). Íslendinga þættir The short tales of Icelanders or ''Íslendinga þættir'' focus on Icelanders, often relating the story of their travels abroad to the court of a Norwegian king. List of short tales: * ''Albani þáttr ok Sunnifu'' * '' Arnórs þáttr jarlaskálds'' * '' Auðunar þáttr vestfirzka'' * ''Bergbúa þáttr'' * '' Bolla þáttr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snorri Þorfinnsson
Snorri Thorfinnsson (Old Norse and Icelandic: Snorri Þorfinnsson or Snorri Karlsefnisson) probably born between 1004 and 1013, and died ''c.'' 1090) was the son of explorers Þorfinnur Karlsefni and Guðríður Þorbjarnardóttir. He is considered to be the first child of European descent to be born in the Americas, apart from Greenland. He became an important figure in the Christianisation of Iceland. Name ''Snorri'' is an Old Norse name derived from the word '' snerra'', meaning "a fight." ''Þorfinnsson'' is a patronymic, meaning "son of Þorfinnr", (see ''Icelandic naming conventions''). Snorri was named for his great-grandfather, Snorri Þórðarson, or after Snorri Þorbrandsson who was not a kinsman but a participant in Karsefni's expedition Family There is speculation about the birth date of Snorri Thorfinnsson. Birth years such as 1005, 1009, and 1012 have been postulated, but all sources agree that he was born between 1004 and 1013. According to the Vinland s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his wife Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir and their followers. Nickname The byname ''Karlsefni'' means "makings of a man" according to the preface of Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson, although the Cleasby-Vigfusson dictionary glosses it as "a thorough man", elaborated elsewhere as a "real man", a "sterling man". History Thorfinn's expeditions are documented in the ''Grœnlendinga saga'' ("Saga of the Greenlanders" henceforth Grl.) and ''Eiríks saga rauða'' ("Saga of Eirik the Red" Henceforth Eir.),Manuscripts of ''Eiríks saga rauða'' are indicated by the sigla: A=Hauksbok, B=AM 557=Skálholtsbók in which together are referred to as "The Vinland Sagas." The two sources differ significantly in their details (see #Saga sources below). Greenland In Greenland, Thorfinn met and married ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorstein Eriksson
Thorstein Eiriksson ( non, Þórsteinn Eiríksson ) was the third and youngest son of Erik the Red. Almost nothing is known about Thorstein's life. According to the Vinland Sagas, Erik the Red settled in Greenland around 986 with his wife and three grown sons, Leif, Thorvald and Thorstein.Seaver (2000) After Leif had sailed west from Greenland and discovered Vinland, Thorvald organized and led a second expedition to this new country. The natives, called Skraelings by the Norse, attacked Thorvald and his men. Thorvald received a fatal wound and was buried in Vinland. His crew returned to Greenland.Horsford (1892) Thorstein subsequently set sail for Vinland to retrieve his brother's body, along with his wife Gudrid. The ship was beset by bad weather and never reached Vinland. By the first week of winter they had returned to Greenland and landed at Lysufiord in the Western Settlement where they sought shelter with the families living there. That winter an epidemic swept the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skræling
''Skræling'' (Old Norse and Icelandic: ''skrælingi'', plural ''skrælingjar'') is the name the Norse Greenlanders used for the peoples they encountered in North America (Canada and Greenland). In surviving sources, it is first applied to the Thule people, the proto-Inuit group with whom the Norse coexisted in Greenland after about the 13th century. In the sagas, it is also used for the peoples of the region known as Vinland whom the Norse encountered and fought during their expeditions there in the early 11th century. Etymology The word is most likely related to the Old Norse word , meaning "dried skin", in reference to the animal pelts worn by the Inuit. William Thalbitzer (1932: 14) speculated that might have been derived from the Old Norse verb , meaning "bawl, shout, or yell". In modern Icelandic, means "barbarian", whereas the Danish descendant, , means "weakling". The term is thought to have first been used by in his work , also called ''The Book of the Icelanders' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leif Eriksson
Leif Erikson, Leiv Eiriksson, or Leif Ericson, ; Modern Icelandic: ; Norwegian: ''Leiv Eiriksson'' also known as Leif the Lucky (), was a Norse explorer who is thought to have been the first European to have set foot on continental North America, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus. According to the sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America. There is ongoing speculation that the settlement made by Leif and his crew corresponds to the remains of a Norse settlement found in Newfoundland, Canada, called L'Anse aux Meadows, which was occupied 1,000 years ago (carbon dating estimates 990–1050 CE). Leif was the son of Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse settlement in Greenland, and Thjodhild (Þjóðhildur) of Iceland. His place of birth is not known, but he is assumed to have been born in Iceland, which had recently been colonized by Norsemen mainly from N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
