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Groupe Collaboration
The Groupe Collaboration was a French Collaboration with the Axis powers#France, collaborationist group active during the Second World War. Largely eschewing the street politics of many such contemporary groups, it sought to establish close cultural links with Nazi Germany and to appeal to the higher echelons of French life. It promoted a "Europeanist" outlook and sought the rebirth of France through part of Europe-wide "National Revolution". Development The Groupe was a revival of the ''Comité France-Allemagne'', established in September 1940 by Fernand de Brinon.Littlejohn, p. 222 It eschewed political party status and instead worked towards "cultural" collaboration with the Germans. To this end it adopted a largely conservative approach and focused on such activities as hosting discussion circles and publishing two journals - ''La Gerbe'' and ''L'Union Francaise''. The initiative had the support of Otto AbetzFiss, p. 201 and was at least partially supported financially by German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonse De Châteaubriant
Alphonse Van Bredenbeck de Châteaubriant (; 25 March 1877 – 2 May 1951) was a French writer who won the Prix Goncourt in 1911 for his novel ''Monsieur de Lourdines'' and Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française for ''La Brière'' in 1923. After a visit to Germany in 1935 he became an enthusiastic advocate for Nazism. Along with other Breton nationalists he supported fascist and anti-semitic ideas in opposition to the French state. In 1940 he founded the pro-Nazi weekly newspaper La Gerbe and served as President of the Groupe Collaboration.David Littlejohn, ''The Patriotic Traitors'', Heinemann, 1972, p. 222 During World War II, he was a member of the central committee of the ''Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism, Légion des Volontaires Français contre le Bolchévisme'', an organisation founded in 1941 by Fernand de Brinon and Jacques Doriot to recruit volunteers to fight alongside the Germans Eastern Front (World War II), in the USSR. In 1945 he fled to Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy France
Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its territory occupied under harsh terms of the armistice, it adopted a policy of collaboration with Nazi Germany, which occupied the northern and western portions before occupying the remainder of Metropolitan France in November 1942. Though Paris was ostensibly its capital, the collaborationist Vichy government established itself in the resort town of Vichy in the unoccupied "Free Zone" (), where it remained responsible for the civil administration of France as well as its colonies. The Third French Republic had begun the war in September 1939 on the side of the Allies. On 10 May 1940, it was invaded by Nazi Germany. The German Army rapidly broke through the Allied lines by bypassing the highly fortified Maginot Line and invading through ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeunesses Patriotes
The ''Jeunesses Patriotes'' ("Young Patriots", JP) were a far-right league of France, recruited mostly from university students and financed by industrialists founded in 1924 by Pierre Taittinger. Taittinger took inspiration for the group's creation in the Boulangist ''Ligue des Patriotes'' and Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. According to the police, the ''Jeunesses Patriotes'' had 90,000 members in the country and 6,000 in Paris in 1932. Its street fighters were led by a retired general named Desofy, and were organized around ''Groupes Mobiles'', paramilitary mobile squads of fifty men, outfitted in blue raincoats and berets. The group stated its willingness to combat the "''Red Peril"'' and the ''Cartel des Gauches'' (Left-wing Coalition), and chose to back Raymond Poincaré who came to power after the Cartel des gauches. The organization retreated in 1926, but made a comeback in 1932, with the ''Cartel des Gauches''s electoral victory, and took part in the February 6, 1934 riot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Schweizer
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Origins The origin of this surname ultimately originates from the Latin, Jacobus which belongs to an unknown progenitor. Jacobus comes from the Hebrew name, Yaakov, which translates as "one who follows" or "to follow after". Ancient history A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus accor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Belmondo (sculptor)
Paul Belmondo (8 August 1898 – 1 January 1982) was a French sculptor. He is the father of the actor Jean-Paul Belmondo. Biography Belmondo was born in Algiers, French Algeria, into a poor family of Italian origin (Piedmont and Sicily), the son of Paul Belmondo and Rose Cerrito. His early schooling was at Dordor in Algiers. Passionate about art and design, he began carving at the age of 13 years. He studied architecture at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Algiers, but his studies were interrupted by the First World War. He was gassed at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, and was then demobilized. Thanks to a grant from the government of Algeria, he continued his studies in Paris where he became the student, then the friend, of Charles Despiau and Jean Boucher. He won the Grand Prix de Rome and Prix Blumenthal in 1926. He married Sarah Madeleine Rainaud-Richard in Paris in 1930. Three children were born to the marriage, (1931), Jean-Paul (1933-2021), and Muriel (1945). He received th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Chardonne
Jacques Chardonne (born ''Jacques Boutelleau''; 2 January 1884, in Barbezieux-Saint-Hilaire, Charente – 29 May 1968, in La Frette-sur-Seine) is the pseudonym of French writer Jacques Boutelleau. He was a member of the so-called Groupe de Barbezieux. Early life and career Raised Protestant, his American Quaker mother was an heiress to the Haviland porcelain dynasty and his father was French. His brother-in-law was of the Delamain cognac dynasty. This informed his trilogy ''Les Destinées Sentimentales''. He was a leader of the Hussards and held in high regard for the award-winning ''Claire''. World War II He supported collaboration with the Vichy and in 1940 produced "Private Chronicle 1940", which favored the submission of Europe to Adolf Hitler. He was a member of the Groupe Collaboration, an initiative that encouraged close cultural ties between France and Germany. In October 1941, Chardonne, with seven other French writers including Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, Marce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Brasillach
Robert Brasillach (; 31 March 1909 – 6 February 1945) was a French author and journalist. Brasillach was the editor of ''Je suis partout'', a nationalist newspaper which advocated fascist movements and supported Jacques Doriot. After the liberation of France in 1944, he was executed following a trial and Charles de Gaulle's express refusal to grant him a pardon. Brasillach was executed for advocating collaborationism, denunciation and incitement to murder. The execution remains a subject of some controversy, because Brasillach was executed for "intellectual crimes", rather than military or political actions. Biography Robert Brasillach was born in Perpignan on 31 March 1909, the son of Lieutenant Arthémile Brasillach, who served in the colonial regiment of Marshall Lyautey in Morocco, and Marguerite Brasillach, née Redo. He studied at the École normale supérieure, at the time a school of the University of Paris, and then became a novelist and literary critic for the Action ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Pierre Eugène Drieu La Rochelle (; 3 January 1893 – 15 March 1945) was a French writer of novels, short stories and political essays. He was born, lived and died in Paris. Drieu La Rochelle became a proponent of French fascism in the 1930s, and was a well-known collaborationist during the German occupation. Early life Drieu was born into a middle class family from Normandy, based in the 17th arrondissement of Paris. His father was an unsuccessful lawyer and businessman and womanizer who relied on his wife's dowry and ended up squandering it, being "responsible for a sharp decline in the family's social status" by the time of his son's adolescence. Although a brilliant student, Pierre failed his final exam at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques. Wounded three times, his experience as a soldier during World War I had a deep influence on him and marked him for the rest of his life. In 1917, Drieu married Colette Jéramec, the sister of a Jewish friend. They divorced in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Claude
Georges Claude (24 September 187023 May 1960) was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on generating energy by pumping cold seawater up from the depths. He has been considered by some to be "the Edison of France". Claude was an active collaborator with the German occupiers of France during the Second World War, for which he was imprisoned in 1945 and stripped of his honors. Early life and career Georges Claude was born on 24 September 1870 in Paris, France, during the city's siege by German forces. Georges Claude studied at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI). He then held several positions. He was an electrical inspector in a cable factory and the laboratory manager in an electric works. He founded and edited a magazine, ''L'Étincelle Électrique'' (''The Electric Spark'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Benoit (novelist)
Pierre Benoit (16 July 1886 – 3 March 1962) was a French novelist, screenwriter and member of the Académie française. He is perhaps best known for his second novel '' L'Atlantide'' (1919) that has been filmed several times. Biography Pierre Benoit, born in Albi (southern France) was the son of a French soldier. Benoit spent his early years and military service in Northern Africa, before becoming a civil servant and librarian.Hugo Frey, "Afterword" to ''The Queen of Atlantis'', Bison Books, , (p.289-312) In 1914 he published his first book of poems. He then joined the French army and after the Battle of Charleroi was hospitalised and demobilised. His first novel, '' Koenigsmark'', was published in 1918; '' L'Atlantide'' was published the next year and was awarded the Grand Prize of the Académie française, from which he became a member in 1931. In 1923 Benoit was sent to Turkey as a journalist of ''Le Journal'' and later visited other nations. During this decade, many of hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart
Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart, Orat. (6 January 1859 – 19 May 1942) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church, who became a Cardinal in 1935. An historian and writer, he served as Rector of the Institut Catholique de Paris from 1907 until his death. He campaigned to rouse international support for France during the First World War, while in the Second World War he supported the Vichy regime and backed the Germans for leading the international struggle against bolshevism. Biography Baudrillart was born in Paris, to Henri Baudrillart and Marie Sacy. His father was professor of political economy at Collège de France, editor in chief of the '' Journal des Économistes'', and a member of Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. Baudrillart's maternal grandfather, Samuel Ustazade de Sacy, was redactor in chief of the ''Journal des débats'' and a member of the Académie française. Raised in the Latin Quarter, Baudrillart entered École Bossuet in 1868, and later the Coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abel Bonnard
Abel Bonnard (19 December 1883 31 May 1968) was a French poet, novelist and politician. Biography Born in Poitiers, Vienne, his early education was in Marseilles with secondary studies at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. A student of literature, he was a graduate of the École du Louvre. Politically, a follower of Charles Maurras, his views evolved towards fascism in the 1930s. Bonnard was one of the ministers of National Education under the Vichy regime (1942–44). The political satirist Jean Galtier-Boissière gave him the nickname "la Gestapette", a portmanteau of Gestapo and ''tapette'', the latter French slang for a homosexual. The name, along with the homosexual inclinations it implied, became well known. He was a member of the committee of the Groupe Collaboration, an organisation that aimed to encourage closer cultural ties between France and Germany.David Littlejohn, ''The Patriotic Traitors'', Heinemann, 1972, p. 222 Bonnard was one of only a few members expelled fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
