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Gribble Sixe
A gribble /ˈgɹɪbəl/ (or gribble worm) is any of about 56 species of marine Isopoda, isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small ( long) crustaceans, although ''Limnoria stephenseni'' from subantarctic waters can reach . Classification The term "gribble" was originally assigned to the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799, ''Limnoria lignorum''. The Limnoriidae are now known to include seaweed and seagrass borers, as well as wood borers. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. Ecology Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for ingestion as food. The cellulose of wood is digested, most likely with the aid of cellulases produced by the gribbles themselves. The most destructive species are ''Limnoria lignorum'', ''L. tripunctata'' and ''L. quadripunctata''. Due to dispersal while inhabiting wooden ships, it i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Quadripunctata
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' Cookson, 1991 *'' Limnoria algarum'' Menzies, 1957 *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' Rao & Ganapati, 1969 *'' Limnoria antarctica'' Pfeffer, 1887 *'' Limnoria bacescui'' Ortiz & Lalana, 1988 *''Limnoria bituberculata'' Pillai, 1957 *''Limnoria bombayensis'' Pillai, 1961 *'' Limnoria borealis'' Kussakin, 1963 *''Limnoria carinata'' Menzies & Becker, 1957 *''Limnoria carptora'' Cookson, 1997 *'' Limnoria chilensis'' Menzies, 1962 *'' Limnoria clarkae'' Kensley & Schotte, 1987 *'' Limnoria convexa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria cristata'' Cookson & Cragg, 1991 *''Limnoria echidna'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria emarginata'' Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989 *''Limnoria foveolata'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria gibbera'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria glaucinosa'' Cookson, 1991 *''Limnoria hicksi'' Schotte, 1989 *''Limnoria indica'' Becker & Kampf, 1958 *''Limnoria insulae'' Menzies, 1957 *''Limnoria japonica'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teredinidae
The shipworms are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Teredinidae: a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in sea water, including such structures as wooden piers, docks and ships; they drill passages by means of a pair of very small shells (“valves”) borne at one end, with which they rasp their way through. Sometimes called "termites of the sea", they also are known as " Teredo worms" or simply Teredo (from grc, τερηδών, , translit=terēdṓn, lit=wood-worm via ). Carl Linnaeus assigned the common name '' Teredo'' to the best-known genus of shipworms in the 10th edition of his taxonomic ''magnum opus'', '' Systema Naturæ'' (1758). Description Removed from its burrow, the fully grown teredo ranges from several centimetres to about a metre in length, depending on the species. The body is cylindrical, slender, naked and superficially vermiform, meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of York
, mottoeng = On the threshold of wisdom , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £8.0 million , budget = £403.6 million , chancellor = Heather Melville , vice_chancellor = Charlie Jeffery , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , city = Heslington, York , country = England , campus = Heslington West, Heslington East, and King's Manor , colours = Dark blue and dark green , website = , logo = UoY_logo_with_shield_2016.png , logo_size = 250px , administrative_staff = 3,091 , affiliations = The University of York (abbreviated as or ''York'' for post-nominals) is a collegiate research university, located in the city of York, England. Established in 1963, the university has expanded to more than thirty departments and centres, covering a wide range of subjects. Situated to the south-east of the city of York, the university campus is about in size. The original campus, Campus West, incorporates the York Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biomass
Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably, while others consider biofuel to be a ''liquid'' or ''gaseous'' fuel used for transportation, as defined by government authorities in the US and EU. The European Union's Joint Research Centre defines solid biofuel as raw or processed organic matter of biological origin used for energy, such as firewood, wood chips, and wood pellets. In 2019, biomass was used to produce 57 EJ (exajoules) of energy, compared to 190 EJ from crude oil, 168 EJ from coal, 144 EJ from natural gas, 30 EJ from nuclear, 15 EJ from hydro and 13 EJ from wind, solar and geothermal combined. Approximately 86% of modern bioenergy is used for heating applications, with 9% used for transport and 5% for electricity. Most of the global b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses (phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as Ecological indicator, biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a Crustacean larvae#Nauplius, nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphipoda
Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far described. They are mostly marine animals, but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 1,900 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers such as ''Talitrus saltator''. Etymology and names The name ''Amphipoda'' comes, via New Latin ', from the Greek roots 'on both/all sides' and 'foot'. This contrasts with the related Isopoda, which have a single kind of thoracic leg. Particularly among anglers, amphipods are known as ''freshwater shrimp'', ''scuds'', or ''sideswimmers''. Description Anatomy The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be grouped into a head, a thorax and an abdomen. The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of antennae and one pair of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commensal
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from each other; amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected; parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism but the parasitoid has a free-living state and instead of just harming its host, it eventually ends up killing it. The commensal (the species that benefits from the association) may obtain nutrients, shelter, support, or locomotion from the host species, which is substantially unaffected. The commensal relation is often between a larger host and a smaller commensal; the host organism is unmodified, whereas the commensal species may show great structural adaptation consistent with its habits, as in the remoras that ride attached to sharks and other fishes. Remo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uropod
Uropods are posterior appendages found on a wide variety of crustaceans. They typically have functions in locomotion. Definition Uropods are often defined as the appendages of the last body segment of a crustacean. An alternative definition suggested by Frederick R. Schram restricts the term to those structures arising from the segment before the anal segment (the segment which carries the anus). Under this latter definition, the appendages of the anal segment are caudal ramus, caudal rami, which are analogy (biology), analogous to uropods. Form Uropods are typically biramous – comprising an endopod and an exopod. The exopod is typically the larger, and may be divided in two by a transverse suture known as the diaeresis. The uropods may work in concert with the telson to form a "tail fan". References {{Reflist, 32em Crustacean anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea
''Durvillaea'' is a genus of large brown algae in the monotypic family Durvillaeaceae. All members of the genus are found in the southern hemisphere, including Australia, New Zealand, South America, and various subantarctic islands. ''Durvillaea'', commonly known as southern bull kelps, occur on rocky, wave-exposed shorelines and provide a habitat for numerous intertidal organisms. Many species exhibit a honeycomb-like structure in their fronds that provides buoyancy, which allows individuals detached from substrates to raft alive at sea, permitting dispersal for hundreds of days over thousands of kilometres. ''Durvillaea'' species have been used for clothing, tools and as a food source by many indigenous cultures throughout the South Pacific, and they continue to play a prominent role in Chilean cuisine. Common name and etymology The common name for ''Durvillaea'' is southern bull kelp, although this is often shortened to bull kelp, which can generate confusion with the North Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea Antarctica
''Durvillaea antarctica'', also known as ' and ', is a large, robust species of southern bull kelp found on the coasts of Chile, southern New Zealand, and Macquarie Island.Smith, J.M.B. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1998). Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp ''Durvillaea antarctica'' at subantarctic Macquarie Island, ''Antarctic Science'' 10 (4), 431–438. . ''D. antarctica'', an alga, does not have air bladders, but floats due to a unique honeycomb structure within the alga's blades, which also helps the kelp avoid being damaged by the strong waves.Maggy WassilieffSeaweed - Bull kelp’s honeycombed structure ''Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand'', Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Updated 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1822, as ''Fucus antarcticus'', and revised in 1892 as ''Durvillaea antarctica''. The genus name ''Durvillaea'' was given in memory of the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, while the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
