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Greenstream
The Greenstream pipeline, part of the Western Libyan Gas Project, is a natural gas submarine pipeline running from western Libya to the island of Sicily in Italy. History The idea of natural gas from Libya to Italy originating from the 1970s. Feasibility studies were carried out in the 1980s and 1990s. Construction of the pipeline started in 2003. The pipeline's main contractor was Saipem, that used for pipeline laying the Castoro Sei and Crawler vessels. The shore approach and landfall works were done by Boskalis Offshore. The supplies started on 1 October 2004 and the pipeline was inaugurated on 7 October 2004 by Silvio Berlusconi and Muammar Gaddafi. Technical features The Greenstream pipeline is long and it runs from Mellitah in Libya to Gela, in Sicily, Italy. It is located in water depths exceeding . It includes also the Mellitah compressor station and the Gela reception terminal. The pipeline is supplied from the Bahr Essalam offshore field, Bouri Field and Wafa f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouri Field
The Bouri Offshore Field is part of Block NC-41, which is located north of the Libyan coast in the Mediterranean Sea. It was first discovered in 1976 at a depth of and is estimated to contain in proven recoverable crude oil reserves and of associated natural gas with an annual production potential of 6 billion m³. Bouri is considered the largest producing oilfield in the Mediterranean. Discovery and development Overview In 1974, the Italian oil company Eni S.p.A. signed a Production sharing agreement (PSA) awarded by the state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) of Libya for onshore and offshore exploration in areas near Tripoli. This is where the Bouri field was discovered offshore at a depth of in the Gulf of Gabes by Eni's subsidiary company Agip Oil in 1976. The Bouri field is jointly operated by Agip and NOC. The first phase of development, costing nearly $2 billion, was completed in 1990. This was immediately followed by commencement of a second development phase wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Oil Corporation
The National Oil Corporation (NOC; ar, المؤسسة الوطنية للنفط) is the national oil company of Libya. It dominates Libya's oil industry, along with a number of smaller subsidiaries, which combined account for around 70% the country's oil output. Of NOC's subsidiaries, the largest oil producer is the Waha Oil Company (WOC), followed by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (Agoco), Zueitina Oil Company (ZOC), and Sirte Oil Company (SOC).EIA 2007 Libyan oil sector: overview Libya is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and holds the largest proven oil reserves in Africa (followed by Nigeria and Algeria), as of January 2007, up from in 2006. About 80% of Libya's proven oil reserves are located in the Sirte Basin Province, which accounts for 90% of the country's oil output. The province ranks 13th among the world's petroleum provinces, having known reserves of of oil equivalent (367,00 of oil, of gas, of natural gas liquids). The go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castoro Sei
The ''Castoro Sei'' (Italian for ''Beaver Six'') is a column stabilized semi-submersible pipelay vessel. She has an overall length of , a width of and an operating draught of . The ''Castoro Sei'' is equipped with 2 rotating gantry cranes 134 tonnes capacity, three 130 tonnes pipe tensioners and a 400 tonnes abandon and recovery winch for pipelaying. She provides accommodation for 354 people. The firing line comprises the fixed pipelay ramp, enclosed in the central housing, running along the longitudinal centreline of the vessel. It is connected to an internal and external ramp, both of which have adjustable inclination to facilitate pipelay in varying water depths. A ramp extension unit is available for use in deep water or for severe seabed conditions. The ''Castoro Sei'' was built in 1978 by Fincantieri at Trieste yard, and is owned and operated by Saipem. Her port of registry is Nassau, Bahamas. It has been used for laying a number of pipelines in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline
The Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline (''TransMed''; also ''Enrico Mattei gas pipeline'') is a natural gas pipeline from Algeria via Tunisia to Sicily and thence to mainland Italy. An extension of the TransMed pipeline delivers Algerian gas to Slovenia. History The pipeline from Algeria to Italy was proposed in 1960s. A preliminary feasibility study was conducted in 1969 and the first route survey in 1970. In 1974–75, technical tests of laying pipes in the Mediterranean Sea were carried out. In 1977, supply and transit agreements were signed. The first phase of pipeline was constructed in 1978–1983 and second phase in 1991–1994. The capacity of the pipeline was doubled in 1994. In 2000, the gas pipeline was named after Enrico Mattei. In the fall of 1997, a terrorist attack severed the pipeline in Algeria for five days. The pipeline was listed under the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative by the United States in a diplomatic cable leaked to WikiLeaks. On February 28, 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GALSI
GALSI ( it, Gasdotto Algeria Sardegna Italia) was a planned natural gas pipeline from Algeria to Sardinia and further northern Italy, as an extension to the TransMed Pipeline. History The feasibility study was completed in 2005. The intergovernmental agreement on the GALSI pipeline was signed between Italy and Algeria on 14 November 2007. Early in 2008 one of the project founders, Wintershall, sold its share to other shareholders and left the project. In 2007, while surveying the proposed route between Sardinia and Algeria, sonar data from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) revealed a large wreck, later determined to be the French battleship ''Danton'', sunk in 1917. Route The pipeline would start from the Hassi R'mel field in Algeria and the section would run to Koudiet Draouche on the coast of Mediterranean Sea. The offshore section with two legs would be laid between Koudiet Draouche and Porto Botte ( CI), Sardinia. The Sardinian section would be planned ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medgaz
Medgaz is a submarine natural gas pipeline transport, pipeline between Algeria and Spain. History The idea of building a direct gas pipeline between Algeria and Europe arose in the 1970s. However, the technical limitations at that time prevented the construction and operation of an ultra deepwater gas pipeline. The preparation of Medgaz project started in 2001 by founding Medgaz pipeline company (''Sociedad para el Estudio y Promoción del Gasoducto Argelia-Europa, vía España S.A.''). The feasibility study carried out in 2002–2003. The construction started on 7 March 2008 in Almería. Work in laying the subsea stretch was finished in December 2008. The pipeline was officially inaugurated on 1 March 2011. Route The pipeline begins from the Hassi R'mel field in Algeria and the first section runs to the port of Beni Saf. The offshore section begins from Beni Saf and the landfall site is at the Perdigal Beach in the coast of Almería, Spain. It will be hooked up to the exist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Libyan Gas Project
The Western Libyan Gas Project (WLGP) is a 50–50 joint venture between the Libyan National Oil Corporation (NOC) and the Italian company Eni which came online in October 2004. By July 2007, per year of natural gas was being exported from a processing facility at Melitah, on the Libyan coast, through the Greenstream pipeline to southeastern Sicily. From Sicily, the natural gas travels to the Italian mainland, and then onwards to the rest of Europe. WLGP is the first major project to valorize the natural gas produced in Libya through export to and marketing in Europe. WLGP is supplied from production at the Bahr Essalam and Wafa fields, which is processed at the onshore Mellitah treatment plant.ENI Annual Report 2006, p.23 Notes References * Energy Information Administration (2007''Libya: Country Analysis Brief''*World Bank (2006)''Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Economic Report'' Social & Economic Development Group: MENA Region *P. Mobbs (2002''Mineral Industry of Libya''*Thomas S. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline
The Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline (MEG; also known as the Pere Duran Farell pipeline or Gazoduc Maghreb Europe GME) is a natural gas pipeline, which links the Hassi R'Mel gas field in Algeria through Morocco with Cordoba in Andalusia, Spain, where it is connected with the Spanish and Portuguese gas grids. Before the operation of the pipeline ceased in October 2021, it used to supply mainly Spain and Portugal, as well as Morocco with natural gas. History The Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline was first proposed in 1963 by French companies. This proposal foresaw prolongation of the pipeline to Strasbourg in France. However, because of the Western Sahara dispute, any route from Algeria through Morocco to Spain was prevented. Also natural gas consumption in Spain was too low to justify the pipeline construction. The project started in early 1990s. In 1992, ministers of Spain and Algeria agreed to start the construction of the pipeline. At the same time Sonatrach and Enagás signed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saipem
Saipem S.p.A. (Società Anonima Italiana Perforazioni E Montaggi lit. ''Drilling and Assembly Italian Public Limited Company'') is an Italian multinational oilfield services company and one of the largest in the world. Until 2016 it was a subsidiary of Italian oil and gas supermajor Eni, which retains approximately 30% of Saipem's shares. History Early history The history of Saipem is deeply connected to Enrico Mattei's management era of Eni during the years of the Italian economic miracle. In the early 1950s Mattei had reorganized the Italian oil industry through a complex system of outright acquisitions and government investments, in order to guarantee Italy's self-reliance in energy. At first, Mattei focused on natural gas, the only abundant source of energy available in mainland Italy, through Snam, a newly formed gas pipelines company. In the late 1950s, Eni's subsidiary Snam came to head two sub-holdings: Snam Montaggi, created in 1955 to build pipelines and drill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and helium are also usually present. Natural gas is colorless and odorless, so odorizers such as mercaptan (which smells like sulfur or rotten eggs) are commonly added to natural gas supplies for safety so that leaks can be readily detected. Natural gas is a fossil fuel and non-renewable resource that is formed when layers of organic matter (primarily marine microorganisms) decompose under anaerobic conditions and are subjected to intense heat and pressure underground over millions of years. The energy that the decayed organisms originally obtained from the sun via photosynthesis is stored as chemical energy within the molecules of methane and other hydrocarbons. Natural gas can be burned fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , religion = , official_languages = , languages_type = Other languages , languages = Algerian Arabic (Darja) French , ethnic_groups = , demonym = Algerian , government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President , leader_name1 = Abdelmadjid Tebboune , leader_title2 = Prime Minister , leader_name2 = Aymen Benabderrahmane , leader_title3 = Council President , leader_name3 = Salah Goudjil , leader_title4 = Assembly President , leader_name4 = Ibrahim Boughali , legislature = Parliament , upper_house = Council of the Nation , lower_house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline
The Trans-Saharan gas pipeline (TSGP; also known as NIGAL pipeline and Trans-African gas pipeline) is a planned natural gas Pipeline transport, pipeline from Nigeria to Algeria. It is seen as an opportunity to diversify the European Union's gas supplies. History The idea of the trans-Saharan pipeline was first proposed in the 1970s. On 14 January 2002, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and Algerian national oil and gas company Sonatrach signed the Memorandum of Understanding for preparations of the project. In June 2005, NNPC and Sonatrach signed a contract with Penspen Limited for a feasibility study of the project. The feasibility study was completed in September 2006, and it found the pipeline to be technically and economically feasible and reliable. On the meeting on 20 February 2009, NNPC and Sonatrach agreed to proceed with the draft Memorandum of Understanding between three governments and the joint venture agreement. The intergovernmental agreement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
