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Great Indonesia Party
The Great Indonesia Party ( id, Partai Indonesia Raya, Parindra) was the name used by two Indonesian political parties. Pre-war party The first Parindra was established in December 1935 as a result of a merger between the Budi Utomo political society and the Indonesian National Union (''Perserikatan Bangsa Indonesia'') with the aim of working with the Dutch to secure Indonesian independence. It was led by Raden Soetomo, Mohammad Husni Thamrin, Susanto Tirtoprodjo, Sukarjo Wiryopranoto and Woerjaningrat, and became the most influential Indonesian grouping in the Volksraad, the notionally legislative body established by the Dutch. In the 1935 election, it won two seats in the body, with a further party member appointed directly. In 1939, four of its members were elected, and none appointed. In May 1939, Thamrin was the main driving force behind the merger of Parindra and seven other nationalist organizations into the Federation of Indonesian Political Parties (''Gaboengan Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budi Utomo
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Indonesian Political Federation
The Indonesian Political Federation ( id, Gabungan Politik Indonesia) (GAPI) was an umbrella group created in 1939 in the Dutch East Indies to unite nationalists organizations to campaign for an elected parliament for Indonesian in exchange for cooperation with the Dutch colonial authorities. It consisted of eight nationalist political parties. Background In 1927, the Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (PPPKI) was formed to unite nationalist Indonesian organisations, but it faced oppression from the colonial authorities, and disbanded in 1934. As a result of Dutch actions against non-cooperative nationalist organisations such as the Indonesian National Party (PNI), from 1935 cooperating parties that were prepared to work with the colonial authorities by participating in the Volksraad semi-legislative body assumed a dominant role in the nationalist movement. However, these cooperating nationalists still gave very little support when the Soetardjo Petitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western New Guinea
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, or Indonesian Papua, is the western half of the Melanesian island of New Guinea which is administered by Indonesia. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua, the region is also called West Papua ( id, Papua Barat). Lying to the west of Papua New Guinea and considered a part of the Australian continent, the territory is almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and includes the Schouten and Raja Ampat archipelagoes. The region is predominantly covered with ancient rainforest where numerous traditional tribes live such as the Dani of the Baliem Valley although a large proportion of the population live in or near coastal areas with the largest city being Jayapura. Within five years following its proclamation of independence in 1945, the Republic of Indonesia (for a time part of the United States of Indonesia) took over all the former territories of the Dutch East Indies except Western New Guinea, acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permai
The Indonesian Marhaen People's Union ( id, Persatuan Rakyat Marhaen Indonesia), generally known by its acronym Permai (meaning 'beautiful'), was a social movement in Indonesia, functioning both as a political party and an Abangan mystical association. The organisation was founded on 17 December 1945. Permai was led and founded by Mei KartawinataFeith, Herbert. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia'. An Equinox classic Indonesia book. Jakarta .a. Equinox, 2007. p. 350 in Cimerta, Pasirkareumbi, Subang, Subang Regency with two friends, M. Rasyid and Sumitra. At its peak on 17 December 1945, It was declared as a political party with J.B. Assa, Iwa Kusumasumantri, Izaak Riwoe Lobo, and S. Karsono Werdojo. Permai called its doctrine Marhaenism. It beliefs were said to have been revealed to the Permai founder during meditation.Geertz. pp. 113–114 The movement claimed to practice 'pure native science', i.e. pre-Hindu and pre-Islamic 'original' Javanese beliefs. This se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional People's Representative Council
The Provisional People's Representative Council ( id, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Sementara) was the first Indonesian legislature under the Provisional Constitution of 1950. The council was formed after the transition of Indonesia to a unitary state on 17 August 1950. The council initially consisted of 236 members, with 213 members remaining prior to the dissolution of the council in 1956. History On 14 August 1950, three days prior to the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia, the People's Representative Council and the Senate of the United States of Indonesia approved the draft of the Provisional Constitution of 1950. Accordingly, on 15 August 1950, the council and the senate held a joint meeting, in which Sukarno read the Charter of the Establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The charter officially abolished the United States of Indonesia, and formed the Republic of Indonesia effective from 17 August 1950. Thus, the charter officially dissolved t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of The Dutch East Indies
The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. It was one of the most crucial and important periods in modern Indonesian history. In May 1940, Germany occupied the Netherlands, and martial law was declared in the Dutch East Indies. Following the failure of negotiations between the Dutch authorities and the Japanese, Japanese assets in the archipelago were frozen. The Dutch declared war on Japan following the 7 December 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began on 10 January 1942, and the Imperial Japanese Army overran the entire colony in less than three months. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March. Initially, most Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from their Dutch colonial masters. The sentiment changed, however, as between 4 and 10 million Indonesians were recruited as forced labourers ('' romusha'') on economic deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies Campaign
The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces from the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Forces from the Allies attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three and a half year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region. Background The East Indies was one of Japan's primary targets if and when it went to war because the colony possessed abundant valuable resources, the most important of which were its rubber plantations and oil fields; the colony was the fourth-largest exporter of oil in the world, behind the U.S., Iran, and Romania. The oil made the islands enormously important to the Japanese, so they sought to secure the supply for themselves. They sent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Japan
The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent formation of modern Japan. It encompassed the Japanese archipelago and several colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories. Under the slogans of and following the Boshin War and restoration of power to the Emperor from the Shogun, Japan underwent a period of industrialization and militarization, the Meiji Restoration, which is often regarded as the fastest modernisation of any country to date. All of these aspects contributed to Japan's emergence as a great power and the establishment of a colonial empire following the First Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s, including the Great Depression, led to the rise of militarism, nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Dutch East Indies Volksraad Election
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ... in 1939. Only ten percent of the population was allowed to vote, but this was only to choose 937 electors, who together with another 515 government appointees, in turn elected 38 of the 60 members. The remainder were appointed directly by the colonial government. Members References Elections in Indonesia Dutch East 1939 in the Dutch East Indies {{Indonesia-election-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of people),Anthony D. Smith, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity (publisher), Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad Election
Elections to the Volksraad were held in the Dutch East Indies in 1935. Electoral system The Volksraad had a total of 60 members, 38 of which were elected and 22 appointed.S.L. van der Wal & J.B. Wolters (1965) ''De Volksraad en de staatkundige ontwikkeling van Nederlands-Indië'' 2e Stuk 1927-1942, p372 Seats were also assigned to ethnic groups, with 25 for the Dutch population (15 elected, 10 appointed), 30 for the native population (20 elected, 10 appointed) and five for the foreign Orientals (Chinese and Arab Indonesian) (3 elected, 2 appointed). Candidates and parties The candidates and parties could be divided into left, right and centrist groups: Left group *Nationalists, led by R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo from Boedi Oetomo (among the representatives were Mohammad Husni Thamrin from the Betawi ethnic grpup and Oto Iskandar di Nata from Paguyuban Pasundan *Native Administrative Officials Union (among the representatives were Achmad Djajadiningrat, Wiranatakusumah V a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)
The ''Volksraad'' (People's Council) an advisory, and later semi-legislative institution for the Dutch East Indies, was provided for by law in 1916 but was only established with the actual installation of the Council in 1918. It was a hesitant and slow attempt at democratisation of the Dutch East Indies as part of the "ethical policy" adopted by the Dutch government. The power of the ''Volksraad'' was limited as it only had advisory powers. Although part of the council was elected only a small proportion of the population had voting rights. Initially the ''Volksraad'' had 39 members, eventually rising to 60. It was reconstituted every four years. The members were partly elected, partly appointed by the colonial administration. Background The idea of a representative body in the Dutch East Indies arose partly became of the Ethical Policy implemented by the Dutch government as part of a move away from simple exploration of the colony towards expressing concern for the Indonesian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
