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Graphplan
Graphplan is an algorithm for automated planning developed by Avrim Blum and Merrick Furst in 1995. Graphplan takes as input a planning problem expressed in STRIPS and produces, if one is possible, a sequence of operations for reaching a goal state. The name ''graph''plan is due to the use of a novel ''planning graph'', to reduce the amount of search needed to find the solution from straightforward exploration of the ''state space graph''. In the ''state space graph'': * the nodes are possible states, * and the edges indicate reachability through a certain action. On the contrary, in Graphplan's ''planning graph'': * the nodes are actions and atomic facts, arranged into alternate levels, * and the edges are of two kinds: *# from an atomic fact to the actions for which it is a condition, *# from an action to the atomic facts it makes true or false. The first level contains true atomic facts identifying the initial state. Lists of incompatible facts that cannot be true at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satplan
Satplan (better known as Planning as Satisfiability) is a method for automated planning. It converts the planning problem instance into an instance of the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), which is then solved using a method for establishing satisfiability such as the DPLL algorithm or WalkSAT. The process encodes key elements of the planning problem—initial state, available actions, goal state, and a maximum plan length (horizon length)—into a logical formula. This formula is satisfiable ''if and only if'' a valid sequence of actions exists that transforms the initial state into the goal state within the given horizon. This concept is similar to Cook's theorem, where Turing machine A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite the model's simplicity, it is capable of implementing any computer algori ... computations are represented as SAT for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm () is a finite sequence of Rigour#Mathematics, mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific Computational problem, problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use Conditional (computer programming), conditionals to divert the code execution through various routes (referred to as automated decision-making) and deduce valid inferences (referred to as automated reasoning). In contrast, a Heuristic (computer science), heuristic is an approach to solving problems without well-defined correct or optimal results.David A. Grossman, Ophir Frieder, ''Information Retrieval: Algorithms and Heuristics'', 2nd edition, 2004, For example, although social media recommender systems are commonly called "algorithms", they actually rely on heuristics as there is no truly "correct" recommendation. As an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Planning
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategy, strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control system, control and Statistical classification, classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory. In known environments with available models, planning can be done offline. Solutions can be found and evaluated prior to execution. In dynamically unknown environments, the strategy often needs to be revised online. Models and policies must be adapted. Solutions usually resort to iterative trial and error processes commonly seen in artificial intelligence. These include dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and combinatorial optimization. Languages used to describe planning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avrim Blum
Avrim Louis Blum (born 27 May 1966) is a computer scientist. In 2007, he was made a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to learning theory and algorithms." Blum attended MIT, where he received his Ph.D. in 1991 under professor Ron Rivest. He was a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University from 1991 to 2017. In 2017, he joined Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago as professor and chief academic officer. His main work has been in the area of theoretical computer science, with particular activity in the fields of machine learning, computational learning theory, algorithmic game theory, database privacy, and algorithms. Avrim is the son of two other well-known computer scientists, Manuel Blum, winner of the 1995 Turing Award, and Lenore Blum. Bibliography * Blum, Avrim, John Hopcroft, and Ravindran Kannan. "Foundations of Data Science," February 27, 2020. https://home.ttic.edu/~avrim/book.pdf. See also * Co-training Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merrick L
Merrick may refer to: Places America * Merrick, New York, a hamlet and census-designated place * Merrick, West Springfield, a neighborhood in western Massachusetts * Merrick County, Nebraska * Merrick State Park, Wisconsin Antarctica * Merrick Mountains, Palmer Land, Antarctica * Merrick Glacier, Oates Land, Antarctica * Merrick Point, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica Britain * Merrick (Galloway), a mountain in southern Scotland People * Merrick (surname) * Merrick (given name) * Chris Hughes (musician) (born 1954), also known as Merrick, British record producer and musician Arts and entertainment * Merrick Mayfair, a character in The Vampire Chronicles series by Anne Rice ** ''Merrick'' (novel), by Anne Rice * Merrick Baliton, one of the Wild Force Power Rangers in the Power Rangers universe * Merrick, Buffy's mentor in the 1992 film ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' * Antoc Merrick, a Rebel pilot and general in the film '' Rogue One: A Star Wars Story'' * Bob Merrick, the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver
The Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver, known by its acronym STRIPS, is an automated planning, automated planner developed by Richard Fikes and Nils Nilsson (researcher), Nils Nilsson in 1971 at SRI International. The same name was later used to refer to the formal language of the inputs to this planner. This language is the base for most of the languages for expressing automated planning problem instances in use today; such languages are commonly known as action languages. This article only describes the language, not the planner. Definition A STRIPS instance is composed of: * An initial state; * The specification of the goal states – situations that the planner is trying to reach; * A set of actions. For each action, the following are included: ** preconditions (what must be established before the action is performed); ** postconditions (what is established after the action is performed). Mathematically, a STRIPS instance is a quadruple \langle P,O,I,G \rangle, in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph (discrete Mathematics)
In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a Set (mathematics), set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects are represented by abstractions called ''Vertex (graph theory), vertices'' (also called ''nodes'' or ''points'') and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an ''edge'' (also called ''link'' or ''line''). Typically, a graph is depicted in diagrammatic form as a set of dots or circles for the vertices, joined by lines or curves for the edges. The edges may be directed or undirected. For example, if the vertices represent people at a party, and there is an edge between two people if they shake hands, then this graph is undirected because any person ''A'' can shake hands with a person ''B'' only if ''B'' also shakes hands with ''A''. In contrast, if an edge from a person ''A'' to a person ''B'' means that ''A'' owes money to ''B'', then this graph is directed, because owing mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Length
Length is a measure of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is a quantity with Dimension (physical quantity), dimension distance. In most systems of measurement a Base unit (measurement), base unit for length is chosen, from which all other units are derived. In the International System of Units (SI) system, the base unit for length is the metre. Length is commonly understood to mean the most extended size, dimension of a fixed object. However, this is not always the case and may depend on the position the object is in. Various terms for the length of a fixed object are used, and these include height, which is vertical length or vertical extent, width, breadth, and depth. ''Height'' is used when there is a base from which vertical measurements can be taken. ''Width'' and ''breadth'' usually refer to a shorter dimension than ''length''. ''Depth'' is used for the measure of a third dimension. Length is the measure of one spatial dimension, whereas area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Planning And Scheduling
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory. In known environments with available models, planning can be done offline. Solutions can be found and evaluated prior to execution. In dynamically unknown environments, the strategy often needs to be revised online. Models and policies must be adapted. Solutions usually resort to iterative trial and error processes commonly seen in artificial intelligence. These include dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and combinatorial optimization. Languages used to describe planning and scheduling are often called action language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
