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Grandfey Viaduct
The Grandfey-Viaduct is on the railway line from Bern to Fribourg and is one of the largest bridges in Switzerland. Location The viaduct crosses the deep and wide Saane/Sarine valley, which is cut into Molasse rock, in the hamlet of Grandfey in Granges-Paccot, about three kilometres north of Fribourg station on the way to Düdingen. The viaduct crosses the language border between Romandy and German-speaking Switzerland (the "Röstigraben"). History First viaduct In 1856, the Lausanne–Fribourg–Bern Railway Company commissioned engineer Leopold Blotnitzki to carry out studies for this most complex construction project in its route network. The design was developed by a commission of four, consisting of Durbach, Karl Etzel, François Jacqmin and Wilhelm Nördlinger, as the engineer (who was then active in France under the name Nordling) was called in Stuttgart. This planning took into account the recently built Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales and the Sitter Viaduct ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schneider Et Cie
Schneider may refer to: Hospital * Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel People *Schneider (surname) Companies and organizations * G. Schneider & Sohn, a Bavarian brewery company * Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG, the former owner of the Dual brand of record players ** Schneider Computer Division, a brand of Amstrad CPC in association with Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG * Schneider-Creusot, a historic French iron and steel-mill which became a major arms manufacturer; a predecessor of Schneider Electric * Schneider Electric, a French industrial company * Schneider Foods, a Canadian meat producer now owned by Maple Leaf Foods * Schneider-Empain, later known as Schneider Group SA, French-Belgian industrial grouping, organised by Édouard-Jean Empain * Schneider Kreuznach, a German manufacturer of industrial and photographic optics * Schneider National, Inc., a provider of logistics services based in Green Bay, Wisconsin Places * Schneider, Indiana, a town in Lake County * Schn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Maillart
Robert Maillart (16 February 1872 – 5 April 1940) was a Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized the use of structural reinforced concrete with such designs as the three-hinged arch and the deck-stiffened arch for bridges, and the beamless floor slab and mushroom ceiling for industrial buildings. His Salginatobel (1929–1930) and Schwandbach (1933) bridges changed the aesthetics and engineering of bridge construction dramatically and influenced decades of architects and engineers after him. In 1991 the Salginatobel Bridge was declared an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Early life and education Robert Maillart was born on 6 February 1872 in Bern, Switzerland. He attended the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and studied structural engineering at Zurich ETH from 1890 to 1894, lectures by Wilhelm Ritter on graphical statics forming part of the curriculum. Maillart did not excel in academic theori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Day Viaduct
The Le Day viaduct (''viaduc du Day'') is a railway viaduct in Vallorbe in the Jura-Nord vaudois District of the Swiss canton of Vaud. It stands near the hamlet of ''Le Day'' and crosses the Orbe. This has been dammed since 1955 by the Le Day dam (''Le barrage du Day''), which lies 450 m downstream. The double-track bridge is used by TGV Lyria services between Paris and Lausanne on the Lausanne–Vallorbe line of the ''RER Vaud (Réseau express régional vaudois)'' and the line from Vallorbe to Le Pont in the Vallée de Joux with its extension to Le Brassus. Lattice truss bridge (1870) The bridge opened by the Jougne-Eclépens Railway (''Chemin de fer de Jougne à Eclépens'', JE) in 1870 was a lattice truss construction of wrought iron originally supported by two stone masonry pillars. Their three uneven openings created spans of 36.5 + 56.0 + 23.5 m. It was 5.0 m wide and had a height of 59 m above the valley floor. Because of heavier locomotives and trains it was strengt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Federal Railways
Swiss Federal Railways (german: link=no, Schweizerische Bundesbahnen, ''SBB''; french: link=no, Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses, ''CFF''; it, Ferrovie federali svizzere, ''FFS'') is the national railway company of Switzerland. It is usually referred to by the initials of its German, French, and Italian names, either as SBB CFF FFS, or used separately. The Romansh version of its name, ''Viafiers federalas svizras'', is not officially used. The official English abbreviation is "SBB", instead of the English acronym such as "SFR", which stands for ''Swiss Federal Railways'' itself. The company, founded in 1902, is headquartered in Bern. It used to be a government institution, but since 1999 it has been a special stock corporation whose shares are held by the Swiss Confederation and the Swiss cantons. It is currently the largest rail and transport company of Switzerland, and operates on most standard gauge lines of the Swiss network. It also heavily collaborates with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malleco Viaduct
The Malleco Viaduct ( es, Viaducto del Malleco) is a railway bridge located in central Chile, passing over the Malleco River valley, south of Collipulli in the Araucania Region. It was opened by President José Manuel Balmaceda on October 26, 1890. At that time, it was the highest such bridge in the world. The Panamerican Highway passes right next to the viaduct. A popular myth claims that the bridge was designed by Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel made a bridge proposal, but it was rejected by the Chilean authorities. It was designed by Aurelio Lastarria Henry Grattan Tyrrell ''History of Bridge Engineering'', Published by The author, Chicago, 1911, p. 384/ref> and the construction of the bridge was awarded to Schneider et Cie. O Le Creusot, another French company. The bridge was declared a national monument A national monument is a monument constructed in order to commemorate something of importance to national heritage, such as a country's founding, independence, war, or the life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incremental Launch
Incremental launch is a method in civil engineering of building a complete Deck (bridge), bridge deck from one abutment of the bridge only, manufacturing the Superstructure#Bridges, superstructure of the bridge by sections to the other side. In current applications, the method is highly mechanised and uses pre-stressed concrete. History The first bridge to have been incrementally launched appears to have been the Waldshut–Koblenz Rhine Bridge, a wrought iron lattice truss bridge, lattice truss railway bridge, completed in 1859. The second incrementally launched bridge was the Rhine Bridge, Kehl, Rhine Bridge, a railway bridge that spanned the Upper Rhine between Kehl, Germany and Strasbourg, France, completed in 1861 and subsequently destroyed and rebuilt on several occasions. The first incrementally launched concrete bridge was the Span (architecture), span box girder bridge over the Caroní River, completed in 1964. The second incrementally launched concrete bridge was ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truss
A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as ''nodes''. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that are either tensile or compressive. For straight members, moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes, as is necessary for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrought Iron
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag Inclusion (mineral), inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grain" that is visible when it is etched, rusted, or bent to structural failure, failure. Wrought iron is tough, malleable, ductile, corrosion resistant, and easily forge welding, forge welded, but is more difficult to welding, weld electrically. Before the development of effective methods of steelmaking and the availability of large quantities of steel, wrought iron was the most common form of malleable iron. It was given the name ''wrought'' because it was hammered, rolled, or otherwise worked while hot enough to expel molten slag. The modern functional equivalent of wrought iron is Carbon steel#Mild or low-carbon steel, mild steel, also called low-carbon steel. Neither wrought iron nor mild steel contain enough carbon to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cast Iron
Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules" which stop the crack from further progressing. Carbon (C), ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt%, and silicon (Si), 1–3 wt%, are the main alloying elements of cast iron. Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel. Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable cast irons. With its relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
