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Grand And General Council
The Grand and General Council ( it, Consiglio Grande e Generale) is the parliament of San Marino. The council has 60 members elected for a five-year term. History From the fifth century San Marino was ruled by an assembly composed by all the family heads known as the Arengo. However, as population grew, such a body became more and more dysfunctional, with its functioning being crippled by feuds between families. While the exact timing is unknown, there is historical evidence that by the early 13th century the citizens of San Marino elected an assembly called Council of the LX, which was also known as the Grand and General Council. In this first stage the power was shared between the Arengo and the Council, with the latter gaining more and more power over the centuries. This process culminated in the 1600 statutes which defined the Council as the "supreme, absolute and unique prince of the community" attributing to it "the right over life, death and goods of every citizen" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City Of San Marino
The City of San Marino ( it, Città di San Marino; also known simply as San Marino and locally as Città) is the capital city of the Republic of San Marino. It has a population of 4,061. It is on the western slopes of San Marino's highest point, Monte Titano. Geography Although not the capital, most of the businesses are in Borgo Maggiore. It is the third largest city in the country, after Dogana and Borgo Maggiore. It borders the San Marino municipalities Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Fiorentino, and Chiesanuova and the Italian municipality San Leo. Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino was centered here. History ''Due to its being the capital and previously the only city in San Marino, the history of this city is almost the same as the History of San Marino. For more information on that topic, see that article.'' The city was founded by Saint Marinus and several Christian refugees in the year 301. From then on the city became a center of Christian refugees who f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Socialist Left
Democratic Socialist Left ( it, Sinistra Socialista Democratica, SSM) was a political party in San Marino, founded as an electoral list for the 2016 general election, including United Left, Progressives and Reformists and Democratic Laboratory. The three parties officially merged into a single party in November 2017. The party was dissolved on 30 December 2020 to merge into with Libera San Marino. History Democratic Socialist Left was founded in November 2016 as an electoral list composed of the United Left, Progressives and Reformists and Democratic Laboratory. Together with Future Republic (a list uniting Popular Alliance and Union for the Republic) and Civic 10 they formed the coalition ''Adesso.sm''. The coalition won the 2016 general election, defeating the ruling coalition ''San Marino First'' (formed by the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, the Party of Socialists and Democrats, the Socialist Party and the Sammarinese list), while the SSD list won 14 seats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D'Hondt System
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. The method was first described in 1792 by future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Motivation Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain about one-third of the seats. In general, exact proportionality is not possible because these divisions produce fractional numbers of seats. As a result, several methods, of which the D'Hondt method is one, have been devised which ensure that the parties' seat allocations, which are of whole numbers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post elections: first-past-the-post is ''not'' proportional by vote share. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities In Italy ...
The following is a list of Italian municipalities (''comuni'') with a population over 50,000. The table below contains the cities populations as of 31 December 2021, as estimated by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, and the cities census population from the 2011 Italian Census. Cities in bold are regional capitals. Cities Gallery Map of the cities See also *Metropolitan cities of Italy *List of metropolitan areas of Italy References {{Europe topic, List of towns in, IT=List of cities in Italy Italy Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 Sammarinese General Election
{{Europe-election-stub ...
General elections were held in San Marino on 13 September 1964.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1678 The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 29 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council. Electoral system Voters had to be citizens of San Marino and at least 24 years old. This was the first election in San Marino with women's suffrage. Results References San Marino General elections in San Marino General San Marino San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sammarinese Fascist Party
The Sammarinese Fascist Party ( it, Partito Fascista Sammarinese) or PFS was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943. History The party was founded on 10 August 1922 and led by Giuliano Gozi, a Sammarinese World War I veteran who volunteered in the Royal Italian Army. The Sammarinese party was modelled directly on the National Fascist Party of the surrounding Kingdom of Italy. Gozi came from a distinguished family and held the posts of Secretary for Foreign Affairs (in San Marino, the foreign secretary leads the cabinet) and Secretary for the Interior; these two offices gave him control of the military and police. From the beginning, the party used violence and intimidation against opponents such as the Socialists. Its party newspaper was the ''Il Popolo Sammarinese'', modelled after the ''Il Popolo d'Italia''. In terms of policy and ideology, the party was not innovative and stuck closely to Italian Fascism. They pursued industrialization which turne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1906 Sammarinese General Election
General elections were held in San Marino on 10 June 1906.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1678 Electoral system The electoral law to was passed on 5 May by the Council elected in March. All householders and graduates over 25 years of age could vote. The republic was divided in nine multi-member constituencies according to their population; the City of San Marino had 22 seats, Serravalle had 12 seats, Faetano had 6 seats, Acquaviva, Chiesanuova, Domagnano and Montegiardino had 4 seats, and Fiorentino and San Giovanni had 2 seats All councillors were elected in their constituency using a plurality-at-large voting. Results Elected candidates belonged to the liberal group which had supported the democratic action of the citizenry meeting or were members of the sole organised party, the Sammarinese Socialist Party, which claimed to have won 29 seats. These two factions formed the first democratic government of the country. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1906 Sammarinese Citizenry Meeting
The 1906 San Marino citizenry meeting was a session of the Arengo (assembly of all householders) in San Marino. It was the first such meeting in three centuries. It ended oligarchic rule and resulted in the first modern democratic elections in the country. Since the Middle Ages the Meeting (''Arengo'' in Italian) had been declared the supreme authority of the Republic. However, during the 17th century, the Meeting created the Princely and Sovereign Council to rule the country. The Council itself refused for centuries to convene the Meeting, passing a law introducing the co-option of its members, so to become fully independent. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Sammarinese Socialist Party called for the restoration of democracy in the country. After some delays, the Meeting was summoned on 25 March 1906 in the main Parish Church. Householders were asked whether the system of co-option Co-option (also co-optation, sometimes spelt coöption or coöptation) has two common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of San Marino
The Constitution of the Republic of San Marino (also called the Constitution of the Most Serene Republic of San Marino) is distributed over a number of legislative instruments of which the most significant are the Statutes of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974 as amended in 2002. The constitutional system has influences from the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' and Roman customary law. It may be the oldest surviving constitution of any sovereign state in the world. The Statutes of 1600 The current legal system of the Most Serene Republic of San Marino began on 8 October 1600. The government gave binding force to a compilation of ''Statuti'' written by Camillo Bonelli, covering the institutions and practices of Sammarinese government and justice at that time. It was written in Latin and contained in six books. The title in Latin is ''Statuta Decreta ac Ordinamenta Illustris Reipublicae ac Perpetuae Libertatis Terrae Sancti Marini''. The new system was an update on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
