Grammonus
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Grammonus
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * '' Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe Radcliffe or Radcliff may refer to: Places * Radcliffe Line, a border between India and Pakistan United Kingdom * Radcliffe, Greater Manchester ** Radcliffe Tower, the remains of a medieval manor house in the town ** Radcliffe tram stop * ..., 1913 * '' Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus yunokawai'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Byth ...
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Grammonus Minutus
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * '' Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe Radcliffe or Radcliff may refer to: Places * Radcliffe Line, a border between India and Pakistan United Kingdom * Radcliffe, Greater Manchester ** Radcliffe Tower, the remains of a medieval manor house in the town ** Radcliffe tram stop * ..., 1913 * '' Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus yunokawai'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Byth ...
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Grammonus Diagrammus
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * '' Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe Radcliffe or Radcliff may refer to: Places * Radcliffe Line, a border between India and Pakistan United Kingdom * Radcliffe, Greater Manchester ** Radcliffe Tower, the remains of a medieval manor house in the town ** Radcliffe tram stop * ..., 1913 * '' Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus yunokawai'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythi ...
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Grammonus Yunokawai
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe Radcliffe or Radcliff may refer to: Places * Radcliffe Line, a border between India and Pakistan United Kingdom * Radcliffe, Greater Manchester ** Radcliffe Tower, the remains of a medieval manor house in the town ** Radcliffe tram stop * ..., 1913 * '' Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * '' Grammonus yunokawai'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythit ...
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Grammonus Thielei
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * '' Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythiti ...
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Grammonus Robustus
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * '' Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitid ...
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Grammonus Opisthodon
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * '' Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * ''Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitida ...
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Grammonus Ater
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * ''Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * ''Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitidae ...
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Grammonus Longhursti
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * ''Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * ''Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * ''Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitidae ...
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Grammonus Claudei
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * ''Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * ''Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * ''Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * ''Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitidae ...
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Grammonus Waikiki
''Grammonus waikiki'', or the Waikiki viviparous brotula, is a species of viviparous brotula found in the Hawaiian Islands where it occurs at depths of around . Description This species grows to a length of SL. The head and body are brown, while the fins are dark brown. Taxonomy ''Grammonus waikiki'' was originally named ''Microbrotula nigra'' by Terry Gosline in 1953, but was later removed from '' Microbrotula'' by Cohen (1964), who transferred the species to ''Oligopus'', as ''O. niger''. However, this referral made ''nigra'' a secondary homonym of ''Oligopus niger'' Risso, 1827 (a synonym of ''Grammonus ater''), necessitating erection of the replacement name ''Oligopus waikiki''. Later, ''Oligopus'' was shown by Nielsen (1999) to be a junior synonym of ''Pteraclis ''Pteraclis'' is a genus of fish in the family Bramidae, the pomfrets. They are known commonly as fanfishes. The three species are distributed throughout the oceans of the world. Species Species include: * ' ...
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Grammonus Nagaredai
''Grammonus nagaredai'', or the Nagareda's viviparous brotula, is a species of viviparous brotula found in the Hawaiian Islands where it occurs at depths of around to . Description ''Grammonus nagaredai'' is similar to ''Grammonus ater ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' from the Mediterranean Sea, but it differs from that species in being more robust. The head and body are brown in life, while the sensory papillae tend to be white.Randall, J.E. and Hughes M.J., 2009. Grammonus nagaredai, a new viviparous marine fish (Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 63(1):137-146. References Bythitidae Fish described in 2009 {{Bythitidae-stub ...
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Bythitidae
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally viviparity, bear live young, although there are indications that some species (at least ''Didymothallus criniceps'') do not.Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245. They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about in length, but some species grow far larger and may surpass . Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans, there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example ''Bythites''. ''Thermichthys hollisi'', which lives at depths of around , is associated with thermal vents. A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (''Typhliasina pearsei''), Galapagos cuskeel (''Ogilbia galapagosensis''), ...
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