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Gosbank
Gosbank (russian: Госбанк, Государственный банк СССР, ''Gosudarstvenny bank SSSR''—the State Bank of the USSR) was the central bank of the Soviet Union and the only bank in the entire country from 1922 to 1991. Gosbank was one of the three Soviet economic authorities, the other two being "Gosplan" (the State Planning Committee) and "Gossnab" (the State Committee for Material Technical Supply). The Gosbank closely collaborated with the Soviet Ministry of Finance to prepare the national state budget. Foundation The foundation of the bank was part of the implementation of the New Economic Policy. On 3 October 1921, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), passed a resolution for the founding of the State Bank of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. This was followed by a similar resolution passed by Sovnarkom on 10 October 1921. It began operations on 16 November 1921. In February 1922 Lenin described the State Bank as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Bank Of The Russian Empire
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR; ), doing business as the Bank of Russia (russian: Банк России}), is the central bank of the Russian Federation. The bank was established on July 13, 1990. The predecessor of the bank can be traced back to the State Bank of the Russian Empire founded in 1860. The bank is headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow. Its functions are described in the Constitution of Russia (Article 75) and in federal law. History State Bank of the Russian Empire The decision to create a State Bank of the Russian Empire was made by Emperor Peter III in May 1762, which was modeled on Bank of England and would have the right to issue bank notes. However, due to the coup on 28 June 1762 and the murder of the Czar, the project was not implemented. The outbreak in 1768 of the Russian-Turkish War and deficit of the state budget forced Catherine II, in turn, refer to the idea of issuing a paper money, and in December 1768 she formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of Russia
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR; ), doing business as the Bank of Russia (russian: Банк России}), is the central bank of the Russian Federation. The bank was established on July 13, 1990. The predecessor of the bank can be traced back to the State Bank of the Russian Empire founded in 1860. The bank is headquartered on Neglinnaya Street in Moscow. Its functions are described in the Constitution of Russia (Article 75) and in federal law. History State Bank of the Russian Empire The decision to create a State Bank of the Russian Empire was made by Emperor Peter III in May 1762, which was modeled on Bank of England and would have the right to issue bank notes. However, due to the coup on 28 June 1762 and the murder of the Czar, the project was not implemented. The outbreak in 1768 of the Russian-Turkish War and deficit of the state budget forced Catherine II, in turn, refer to the idea of issuing a paper money, and in December 1768 she formed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East-West United Bank
East-West United Bank is a bank based in Luxembourg, owned by Sistema. The bank offers private banking and corporate financing. East-West United Bank was established on 12 June 1974 as a "daughter" bank of the Soviet Union's Central Bank. History With the support of Mr. Pierre Werner, who was the Prime Minister of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, on 12 June 1974, the East-West United Bank (EWUB) (Luxembourg) was formed with both the State Bank of the USSR or Gosbank and after the end of the Soviet Union, the Central Bank of Russia, and Russia's Foreign Trade Bank Vneshtorgbank (VTB) as the main shareholders from founding until 1992. From 1992 to 2000, Imperial Bank had a major stake in EWUB of 49% and Tokobank held a 28% stake in EWUB in 1998, but, on 17 April 2000, Imperial Bank was dissolved. Imperial Bank focused on oil and natural gas supplies to East Germany and later to Germany including the oil-for-pipes program. When VTB had a major stake in EWUB from 2000 to 2007, EWUB wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aron Sheinman
Aron Lvovich Sheinman ( rus, Арон Львович Шейнман) (24 December 1885 – 22 May 1944) was a Bolshevik Revolutionary and Soviet official. Aron Sheinman was born in Suwałki in a Lithuanian Jewish family. He was twice chairman of Gosbank, the central bank of the Soviet Union (1921–1924 and 1926–1929). In 1922 Lenin wrote him a scathing letter accusing him of being a "communist-mandarin" stating that Gosbank was "a bureaucratic paper game" suggesting that Sheinman had become blinded to the truth by being too engrossed in "the sweet communist-official lies". In 1937-1939 he was the chairman of the director of the London department of "Intourist". In October 1939 he was recalled from London, but refused to return to the USSR. In 1939 he received British citizenship. He died in London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of Ukraine
National Bank of Ukraine ( uk, Національний банк України) or NBU ( uk, НБУ) is the central bank of Ukraine – a government body responsible for unified state policy in the field of country's monetary circulation, including strengthening of the national currency unit, hryvnia. The National Bank of Ukraine employs over 12,000 people, making it one of the leading banks. It regulates and supervises activities, functions and legal status of government and commercial banks based on principles of the Constitution of Ukraine and the law of Ukraine. History Banking in Ukraine traces its history back to 1918 when on 22 December 1917, the Central Council of Ukraine adopted a law "On transformation of the Kyiv office of the Russian State Bank into the Ukrainian State Bank". The law united all offices of the former State bank, Noble Land Bank, and Peasant Land Bank. At the same time there existed a decree of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine about the natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ost-West Handelsbank
Ost-West Handelsbank AG was a Soviet-controlled bank in Frankfurt established in 1971. It was acquired by VTB Bank and changed its name to VTB Bank Deutschland. History Ost-West Handelsbank AG (OWHB) was founded in 1971 by the Soviet Union's Gosbank, VEB of the USSR and a number of allied trade associations with Andrey Dubonosov as chairman of the board.; 1900 – 1978) was a roofer's apprentice when he volunteered for the Red Army in 1918 and in 1921 he became a Chekist with the Special Department in the Moscow Region (Lubyanka, 14) and took finance courses after which he transferred to Gosbank and took evening courses at the Industrial and Economic Institute (russian: промышленно-экономический институт). After graduating, he became the director of the Dalbank (russian: Дальбанк) in Harbin in 1930. After the Japanese occupied Manchuria and established the puppet state Manchukuo, he sold the Soviet's road to Japan for 140 million yen. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Finance (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Finance of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (russian: Министерство финансов СССР), formed on 15 March 1946, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union. Until 1946 it was known as the People's Commissariat for Finance (russian: Народный комиссариат финансов – ''Narodnyi komissariat finansov'', or "Narkomfin"). Narkomfin, at the all-Union level, was established on 6 July 1923 after the signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, and was based upon the People's Commissariat for Finance of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formed in 1917. The Ministry was led by the Minister of Finance, prior to 1946 a Commissar, who was nominated by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and then confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The minister was a member of the Council of Ministers. During the Russian Civil War, and immediately afterwards, the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosplan
The State Planning Committee, commonly known as Gosplan ( rus, Госплан, , ɡosˈpɫan), was the agency responsible for central economic planning in the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 and remaining in existence until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Gosplan had as its main task the creation and administration of a series of five-year plans governing the economy of the USSR. History Economic background The time of the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War which followed was a period of virtual economic collapse. Production and distribution of necessary commodities were severely tested as factories were shuttered and major cities such as Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) were depopulated, with urban residents returning to the countryside to claim a place in land redistribution and in order to avoid the unemployment, lack of food, and lack of fuel which had become endemic. By 1919 hyperinflation had emerged, further pushing the struggling economic syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narkomfin
The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (russian: Министерство финансов РСФСР), known prior to 1946 as the People's Commissariat for Finance (russian: Народный комиссариат финансов), or shortened to Narkomfin, was part of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 until the fall of the USSR in 1991. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Finance of the USSR. History The Narkomfin commissar was part of Sovnarkom. Nikolai Krestinsky was the first commissar, appointed in 1918. However, following the introduction of the New Economic Policy, Narkomfin was made responsible for Gosbank, the State Bank of the RSFSR and then the Soviet Union. On 26 November 1921, Lenin issued a note calling for the appointment of Grigory Sokolnikov, who took control of the organisation in 1922, although his formal position was not ratified until December 1922. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base. Most central banks also have supervisory and regulatory powers to ensure the stability of member institutions, to prevent bank runs, and to discourage reckless or fraudulent behavior by member banks. Central banks in most developed nations are institutionally independent from political interference. Still, limited control by the executive and legislative bodies exists. Activities of central banks Functions of a central bank usually include: * Monetary policy: by setting the official interest rate and controlling the money supply; *Financial stability: acting as a government's banker and as the bankers' bank ("lender of last resort"); * Reserve management: managing a country's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gossnab
State Supplies of the USSR, known as the Gossnab of USSR (russian: Госснаб СССР) was active from 1948 to 1953, and 1965 to 1991. It was the state committee for material technical supply in the Soviet Union. It was charged with the primary responsibility for the allocation of producer goods to enterprises, a critical state function in the absence of markets. Gossnab was one of more than twenty state committees under the Council of Ministers, the administrative arm of the Soviet government, along with other economic organs such as Gosplan (the state planning committee) and Gosbank (the state bank). Created amid a series of economic reforms implemented under Premier Alexei Kosygin in the mid-1960s, Gossnab coordinated the allocation of resources not handled by Gosplan. Gossnab had mixed success in creating a wholesale trade system, based on direct contracts between suppliers and users. Narkomprod Originally founded in 1917 as the People's Commissariat for Food Supplies (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Ruble
The ruble or rouble (russian: рубль) was the currency of the Soviet Union, introduced in 1922, replacing the Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks ( – ''kopeyka'', ''kopeyki''). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or Goznak) in Moscow and Leningrad. In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of ''convertible ruble'', transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", ) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet ruble continued to be used in the post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone", until it was replaced with the Russian ruble in September 1993. Etymology The word ''ruble'' is derived from the Slavic verb , ''rubit''', i.e., 'to chop'. Historically, a " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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