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Gornja Tuzla
Gornja Tuzla ( en, Upper Tuzla) is a town east of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its neighboring town is Simin Han. History There is evidence of the prehistoric Vinča culture being present in Gornja Tuzla as early as 5200 BC. The present-day city of Tuzla was first granted status as a town by the reigning Ottoman Empire in 1477. The Kadiluk, kadžiluk of Tuzla was established in 1573, with headquarters in Gornja Tuzla. In the mid-seventeenth century, the seat of the kadžiluk was transferred to Donja Tuzla. Gornja Tuzla was part of the Empire's Sanjak of Zvornik in the Bosnia Vilayet. The Hadži Iskenderova mosque in the center of town, built in the 1500s, still stands today. In about 1884 Austria-Hungary began Boring (earth), boring salt in Gornja Tuzla, Simin Han and Donja Tuzla. On 3 October 1943, a day after the city of Tuzla was liberated, Gornja Tuzla was liberated by the 16th Vojvodina Division (Yugoslav Partisans), 16th Vojvodina Division of the Yugoslav Partisans. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Sovereign States
The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty. The 206 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 UN member states, 2 UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and 11 other states. The ''sovereignty dispute'' column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (188 states, of which there are 187 UN member states and 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (16 states, of which there are 6 UN member states, 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and 9 de facto states), and states having a special political status (2 states, both in free association with New Zealand). Compiling a list such as this can be a complicated and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinča Culture
The Vinča culture (), also known as Turdaș culture or Turdaș–Vinča culture, is a Neolithic archaeological culture of Southeast Europe, dated to the period 5700–4500 BC or 5300–4700/4500 BC.. Named for its type site, Vinča-Belo Brdo, a large tell settlement discovered by Serbian archaeologist Miloje Vasić in 1908, it represents the material remains of a prehistoric society mainly distinguished by its settlement pattern and ritual behaviour. Farming technology first introduced to the region during the First Temperate Neolithic was developed further by the Vinča culture, fuelling a population boom and producing some of the largest settlements in prehistoric Europe. These settlements maintained a high degree of cultural uniformity through the long-distance exchange of ritual items, but were probably not politically unified. Various styles of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines are hallmarks of the culture, as are the Vinča symbols, which some conjecture to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croats Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (), often referred to as Bosnian Croats () or Herzegovinian Croats () are the third most populous ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina, ethnic group in the country after Bosniaks and Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs, and are one of the Constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina have made significant contributions to the culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most Croats declare themselves Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Catholics and speakers of Croatian language. From the 15th to the 19th century, Christianity in the Ottoman Empire, Catholics in Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina were often persecuted by the Ottoman Empire, causing many of them to flee the area. In the 20th century, political turmoil and poor economic conditions caused more to Emigration, emigrate. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War, Ethnic cleansing within Bosnia and Herzegovi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosniaks Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, culture, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina, history and Bosnian language, language. They primarily live in Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo as well as in Austria, Germany, Turkey and Sweden. They also constitute a significant diaspora with several communities across Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic ties to the Bosnia (region), Bosnian historical region, adherence to Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, culture, and the Bosnian language. English speakers frequently refer to Bosniaks as Bosnian MuslimsThis term is considered inaccurate since not all B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); sl, Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); mk, Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); sl, Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) was the communist-led anti-fascist resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. Led by Josip Broz T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th Vojvodina Division (Yugoslav Partisans)
The 16th Vojvodina Division ( sh-Latn, Šesnaesta vojvođanska divizija) was a Yugoslav Partisan division that fought against the Germans, Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and Chetniks in occupied Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during World War II. When it was created, the 16th Vojvodina Division consisted of mostly Serbs recruited from Hungarian–occupied Bačka. It constituted the first, second, and third Vojvodinian Brigades and had about 3,000 units when it was formed. By 1941, the Partisan rank-and-file was still predominantly Serbian. The Partisans initial successes included the liberation of the area that surrounded the Serbian town of Užice. As part of the Partisan 3rd Corps then Partisan 12th Corps it spent most of 1944 engaged in hard fighting against the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) The 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS ''Handschar'' (1st Croatian) was a mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, an armed branch of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boring (earth)
Boring is drilling a hole, tunnel, or well in the Earth. It is used for various applications in geology, agriculture, hydrology, civil engineering, and mineral exploration. Today, most Earth drilling serves one of the following purposes: * return samples of the soil and/or rock through which the drill passes * access rocks from which material can be extracted * access rocks which can then be measured * provide access to rock for purposes of providing engineering support Unlike drilling in other materials where the aim is to create a hole for some purpose, often the case of drilling or coring is to get an understanding of the ground/ lithology. This may be done for prospecting to identify and quantify an ore body for mining, or to determining the type of foundations needed for a building or raised structure, or for underground structures, including tunnels and deep basements where an understanding of the ground is vital to determining how to excavate and the support philosophy. Dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry in the world, after the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjak Of Zvornik
The Sanjak of Zvornik ( tr, İzvornik Sancağı, sh, Zvornički sandžak) was one of the sanjaks in the Ottoman Empire with Zvornik (in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) as its administrative centre. It was divided into 4 different districts: Žepče, Maglaj, Tuzla and Kladanj. The sanjak was created between 1478 and 1483. Following its dissolution in 1878 after the Austro-Hungarian Empire defeated the Ottomans, Zvornik became part of the Zvornik Kotar. During the Ottoman period, Zvornik was the capital of the Sanjak of Zvornik (an administrative region) within the Bosnia Eyalet. This was primarily the case because of the city's crucial role in the economy and the strategic importance of the city's location. The Sanjak of Zvornik was one of six Ottoman sanjaks with most developed shipbuilding (besides sanjaks of Vidin, Nicopolis, Požega, Smederevo and Mohač). In the year 1806 the city of Zvornik was home to the famous Bosniak, kapetan Mehmed-beg Kulenović. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadiluk
A kadiluk, in some cases equivalent to a kaza, was a local administrative subdivision of the Ottoman empire, which was the territory of a kadı, or judge. There could be several kadiluks in a sanjak. The kadı's duties extended beyond those of a modern judge; in addition to law enforcement, kadiluks were involved in matters such as taxation and conscription. "''These records mirror the diversity of the kadi's responsibilities in the Ottoman city''" Although every kaza had a kadı, not every kadı was in charge of a kaza; a kadı's position moved, over time, with demographic and political changes. In the Tanzimat reforms of 1864, kadiluks were decoupled from kazas. See also *Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire *Sanjak *Agaluk *Qadaa *Qadiyat Qadiyat or Qaziyat (alternative spellings: ''Kadiyat'' or ''Kaziyat'') (russian: Кадиат) in Islam is a territorial division associated with a qadi; in some cases subordinate to the mufti and muftiate. In analogy to Christianity, a qadiy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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