|
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive
The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia. The continued series of actions lasted the majority of the campaigning season for 1915, starting in early May and only ending due to bad weather in October. Mackensen viewed securing a breakthrough as the first phase of an operation, which would then lead to a Russian retreat from the Dukla Pass, and their positions north of the Vistula. Background In the early months of war on the Eastern Front, the German Eighth Army conducted a series of almost miraculous actions against the two Russian armies facing them. After surrounding and then destroying the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in late August, Paul von Hindenburg and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Front (World War I)
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (german: Ostfront; ro, Frontul de răsărit; russian: Восточный фронт, Vostochny front) was a theater (warfare), theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russian Empire, Russia and Kingdom of Romania, Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire, and German Empire, Germany on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, involved most of Eastern Europe, and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front (World War I), Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and French Third Republic, France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radko Dimitriev
Radko Dimitriev ( bg, Радко Димитриев) (24 September 1859 in Gradets, Sliven Province, Gradets – 18 October 1918 near Pyatigorsk) was a Bulgarians, Bulgarian general, Chief of the Defence (Bulgaria), Head of the General Staff of the Bulgarian Army from 1 January 1904 to 28 March 1907, as well as a general in the Imperial Russian Army, Russian Army during the First World War. Biography He was born in the village of Gradets (Sliven Province) and was raised by his grandmother in Kotel, Bulgaria, Kotel. He later studied in the Aprilov Gymnasium in Gabrovo and participated in the organization of the April Uprising (1876). During the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) he was a translator in the 2nd Guards Division of the Imperial Russian Army, Russian Army. In 1879 he graduated the Military School in Sofia; in 1881 Dimitriev was promoted to a Lieutenant and in 1884 he became Captain after graduating the Saint Petersburg Academy. When only a captain he was one of the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dukla Pass
The Dukla Pass ( sk, Dukliansky priesmyk, pl, Przełęcz Dukielska, hu, Duklai-hágó, cz, Dukelský průsmyk; 502 m AMSL) is a strategically significant mountain pass in the Laborec Highlands of the Outer Eastern Carpathians, on the border between Poland and Slovakia ( Lemkivshchyna) and close to the western border of Ukraine. The Dukla Pass is the lowest mountain pass in the Carpathian Mountains main range. Located south of Dukla in Poland and northeast of Prešov in Slovakia, the pass is acknowledged as an area where Eastern and Western Slavic cultures meet. In the 17th century, it was the haunt of a bandit and folk hero, Andrij Savka. The Dukla Pass was the scene of bitterly contested battles on the eastern fronts of both World War I and World War II (Battle of the Dukla Pass The Battle of the Dukla Pass, also known as the Dukla, Carpatho–Dukla, Rzeszów–Dukla, or Dukla–Prešov offensive, was the battle for control over the Dukla Pass on the border betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria and was also known as the Quadruple Alliance.german: Vierbund, tr, Dörtlü İttifak, hu, Központi hatalmak, bg, Четворен съюз, translit=Chetvoren sūyuz Colonies of these countries also fought on the Central Powers' side such as German New Guinea and German East Africa, until almost all of their colonies were occupied by the Allies. The Central Powers faced and were defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Central Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having nominally joined the Triple Alliance before, Italy d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. –The German Empire" ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian 9th Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern theatre of war. Field management was established in August 1914. The unit fought on the Southwestern Front (Russian Empire), Southwestern Front from August 1914 to December 1916 and then on the Romanian Front (Russian Empire), Romanian Front, until it was disbanded in 1918. Commanders * 9 August 1914 – 18 April 1917 — General of Infantry Platon Lechitsky * 18 April 1917 – 11 August 1917 — Lieutenant-General Gieorgij Stupin * 11 August 1917 – 9 September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Cheremisov * 9 September 1917 – ? September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Julian Bielozor * ? September 1917 – ? November 1917 — Lieutenant-General Anatolij Kiełczewskij See also * List of Russian armies in World War I * List of Imperial Russian Army formations and units References {{Russian Empire Ground Forces Armies of the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian Eight Army (8-я армия, ''8А'') was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern theatre of war. Field management was established in July 1914 at the headquarters of the Kiev Military District. The unit was disbanded in the beginning of 1918. At the beginning of the war the 8th Army was composed of the VII, VIII, XII, XXIV Army Corps. Military Fronts in which the 8th Army participated * Southwestern Front (July 1914 - August 1917) * Romanian Front (August 1917 - the beginning of 1918) Commanders * 28.07.1914 – 17.03.1916 — General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov * 23.03.1916 – 29.04.1917 — General of Cavalry Alexey Kaledin * 29.04.1917 – 10.07.1917 — General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov * 11.07.1917 – 25.07.1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Cheremisov * 30.07.1917 – 17.10.1917 — Lieutenant-General Michai Sokownin * 18.10.1917 – 21.12.1917 — Lieutenant-General Mykola Yunakiv See also * List of Russian armies in World War I * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Army (Russian Empire)
The Russian Third Army was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern theatre of war. Field management was established in July 1914 at the headquarters of the Kiev Military District. The unit was disbanded in the beginning of 1918. At the beginning of the war the 3rd Army was composed of the IX, X, XI, XXI Army Corps. A detachment of two aircraft Ilya Muromets (aircraft) , "Ilya Muromets" was based at the Osovcy (air base), Bereza airfield, from the 4th aviation company based at the airfield Lida (air base), Lida. The detachment operated jointly with the 3rd Army from February 1915 and, in addition to Bereza, was also based at airfields in Brest-Litovsk and Slutsk. Military Fronts in which the 3rd Army participated * Southwestern Front (Russian Empire), Southwestern Front (July 1914 – June 1915) * Northwestern Front (Russian Empire), Northwestern Front (June–Aug. 1915) * Western Front (Russian Empire), Western Front (August 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seventh Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Seventh Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Seventh Army was formed in May 1915 and deployed on the Russian Front. It remained active there until it was disbanded in April 1918. It participated in the * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May-June 1915), * Great Retreat (June-September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June-September 1916) * Kerensky Offensive (July 1917) * Operation Faustschlag (February-March 1918) Commanders * Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin : 8 May 1915 – 8 September 1916 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach : 8 September 1916 – 20 October 1916 * Hermann Kövess von Kövesshaza : 20 October 1916 – 16 January 1918 * Karl Kritek Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer * Karl of Austria, last Austria ... : 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Army (Austria-Hungary)
The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was an Austro-Hungarian field army that fought during World War I. Actions The Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army was formed in August 1914 and deployed on the Russian Front. It remained active there until it was disbanded in March 1918. It participated in the: * Battle of Komarów (August 1914) * Battle of Rawa (September 1914) * Battle of the Vistula River (October 1914) * Battle of Limanowa (December 1914) * Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive (May-June 1915) * Great Retreat (June-September 1915) * Brusilov Offensive (June-September 1916) * Operation Faustschlag (February-March 1918) Commanders * Moritz von Auffenberg : August 1914 - 30 September 14 * Archduke Joseph Ferdinand : 30 September 1914 - June 1916 * Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas : June 1916 - 5 March 1917 * Karl Graf von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach Karl Freiherr von Kirchbach auf Lauterbach (Gyöngyös, 20 May 1856 - Scharnstein, Upper Austria, 20 May 1939), from 1917 Count von Kirchb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Army (Austria-Hungary)
The 3rd Army (german: k.u.k. 3. Armee) was a field army-level command within the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was primarily active on the Eastern Front against the Russian Empire and in the Balkans against Serbia and Montenegro. Later on, the 3rd Army took part in some fighting on the Italian Front before returning to the eastern theater by 1917 to repulse the Kerensky Offensive. Its remaining units were merged with the 7th Army in January 1918. History 1914 The 3rd Army was formed in August 1914 as part of Austria-Hungary's mobilization following its declaration of war on Serbia and Russia, carrying out the prewar plans for the formation of six field armies. Just as all Austro-Hungarian field armies, it consisted of a headquarters and several corps, along with some unattached units.John Dixon-NuttalTHE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY 1914-18. Chapter 4: The Army in the Field/ref> The 3rd Army initially consisted of the XI and XIV Corps, based in Lemberg (mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
