|
Gorgonopsians
Gorgonopsia (from the Greek Gorgon, a mythological beast, and 'aspect') is an extinct clade of sabre-toothed therapsids from the Middle to Upper Permian roughly 265 to 252 million years ago. They are characterised by a long and narrow skull, as well as elongated upper and sometimes lower canine teeth and incisors which were likely used as slashing and stabbing weapons. Postcanine teeth are generally reduced or absent. For hunting large prey, they possibly used a bite-and-retreat tactic, ambushing and taking a debilitating bite out of the target, and following it at a safe distance before its injuries exhausted it, whereupon the gorgonopsian would grapple the animal and deliver a killing bite. They would have had an exorbitant gape, possibly in excess of 90°, without having to unhinge the jaw. They markedly increased in size as time went on, growing from small skull lengths of in the Middle Permian to bear-like proportions of up to in the Upper Permian. The latest gorgonopsia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viatkogorgon
''Viatkogorgon'' is a genus of gorgonopsian (a type of therapsid, the group that includes modern mammals) that lived during the Permian period in what is now Russia. The first fossil was found at the Kotelnich locality near the Vyatka River and was made the holotype of the new genus and species ''V. ivachnenkoi'' in 1999. The generic name refers to the river and the related genus ''Gorgonops''—the gorgons of Greek mythology are often referenced in the names of the group. The specific name honors the paleontologist Mikhail F. Ivakhnenko. The holotype skeleton is one of the most complete gorgonopsian specimens known and includes rarely preserved elements such as gastralia (abdominal ribs) and a sclerotic ring (a bony ring inside the eye). A larger, but poorly preserved specimen has also been assigned to the species. The holotype specimen is about long, including the long skull, making ''Viatkogorgon'' a relatively small gorgonopsian. The assigned specimen is larger, with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scylacops
''Scylacops'' (meaning "face that tears") is an extinct genus of Gorgonopsia. It was first named by Broom in 1913,Broom, R. "On the Gorgonopsia, a Sub-order of the Mammal-like Reptiles." ''Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London''. (1913): 225-230. and contains two species, ''S. bigendens'', and ''S. capensis''. Its fossils have been found in South Africa and Zambia. It is believed to be closely related to the Gorgonopsian ''Sauroctonus progressus''. ''Scylacops'' was a moderately sized Gorgonopsid. Scylacops is an carnivorous therapsid, existing from 259.0 to 254.0 Ma. ''S. bigendens'' was first described by Brink and James Kitching in 1953, although its original description was ''Sycocephalus bigendens''.Brink, A. S., and J. W. Kitching. "Studies on new specimens of the Gorgonopsia." ''Palaeontologia africana'' 1 (1953): 1-28. According to the paleobiology database ''Scylacops'' specimens have been found in the following lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eriphostoma
''Eriphostoma'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids known from the Middle Permian (middle Capitanian stage) of ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone, South Africa. It has one known species, ''Eriphostoma microdon'', and was first named by Robert Broom in 1911. It is the oldest known gorgonopsian and among the smallest and most basal members of the clade. Description Gorgonopsians were a morphologically conservative group, and like all gorgonopsians, ''Eriphostoma'' would have been a quadrupedal predator. It was among the smaller members of the group, with a skull less than long. It had a relatively short, deep snout and large orbits compared to other gorgonopsians. Like all gorgonopsians, it had five incisors and a canine tooth on each side of the upper jaw, but it had only three small postcanine teeth in its maxilla. The palate of ''Eriphostoma'' has delta-shaped palatine bosses covered in numerous teeth, like ''Gorgonops'' and many basal therapsids, but not more der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phorcys Dubei
''Phorcys'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian (predatory therapsids, related to modern mammals) that lived during the Middle Permian period (Guadalupian) of what is now South Africa. It is known from two specimens, both portions from the back of the skull, that were described and named in 2022 as a new genus and species ''P. dubei'' by Christian Kammerer and Bruce Rubidge. The generic name is from Phorcys of Greek mythology, the father of the Gorgons from which the gorgonopsians are named after, and refers to its status as one of the oldest representatives of the group in the fossil record. ''Phorcys'' was recovered from the lowest strata of the ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone (AZ) of the Beaufort Group, making it one of the oldest known gorgonopsians in the fossil record—second only to fragmentary remains of an indeterminate gorgonopsian from the older underlying ''Eodicynodon'' Assemblage Zone. ''Phorcys'' was also unexpectedly large for an early gorgonopsian with a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctognathus
''Arctognathus'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsids that throve during the Late Permian in the Karoo basin of what is now South Africa. Discovery A carnivore, like all gorgonopsid, ''Arctognathus'' was given its name ("Bear jaw") in reference to its short and rounded snout. There is only one recognized species, ''A. curvimola''. Description It was a small gorgonopsid with a total length estimated at 1.1 m and an 18 cm skull. Classification Below is a cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Gebauer (2007): See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Bibliography * * Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Lopingian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1911 Taxa named by Robert Broom Loping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauroctonus
''Sauroctonus'' (from el, σαῦρος , 'lizard' and el, κτόνος , 'murderer') is an extinct genus of therapsids. ''Sauroctonus progressus'' was a large (2 m long) gorgonopsid that lived in the Late Permian epoch before the Permian-Triassic extinction event that wiped out many life forms on Earth (259-254 million years ago). Its fossils have been found in the Usili Formation ( Songea Group) of Tanzania and the Sokolki Assemblage Zone of the Volga Basin of Russia. Description ''Sauroctonus's'' flattened, triangular skull was about long, with a parietal eye, a primitive character, on the crown. The upper and lower jaw each contained one pair of massive canine teeth (the upper pair was larger); the other teeth were smaller, but were also sharp and pointed. In addition, minute, blunt teeth were present on the palatine bones. The lower jaw was widened to form a kind of chin. The long, lightly built, five-toed limbs bore a resemblance to mammals' limbs, but despite its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgonops
''Gorgonops'' (from el, Γοργών 'Gorgon' and 'eye, face', literally 'Gorgon eye' or 'Gorgon face') is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids, of which it is the type genus, having lived during the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), about 260–254 million years ago in what is now South Africa. Despite its popularity, ''Gorgonops'' is a medium-sized gorgonopsian (about long maximum), regularly confused by the general public with the more massive ''Inostrancevia'', known from Russia, due to their similar appearance and the various media that tend to refer them by the name of the group they belong rather than by their genus names, which does not help in differentiation. History of discovery The holotype of the type species, ''Gorgonops torvus'', was in 1876 one of the first therapsids described, by Richard Owen, who also coined the name "Dinosauria" on the basis of the first known dinosaur fossils. It was also used as the type for which Richard Lydekker described the family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suchogorgon
''Suchogorgon'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsid Gorgonopsia (from the Greek Gorgon, a mythological beast, and 'aspect') is an extinct clade of sabre-toothed therapsids from the Middle to Upper Permian roughly 265 to 252 million years ago. They are characterised by a long and narrow skull ...s from Russia. It was a medium-sized animal with a low, narrow skull. Its skull is dotted with small pits, which might have housed sensory organs in life. Its canines were large and flat as in most gorgonopsids. References Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Fossils of Russia {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smilesaurus
''Smilesaurus'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian known from Africa. It lived during the Late Permian. It contains the single species ''S. ferox''. Description ''Smilesaurus'' was a large gorgonopsian, with a skull length of up to 31 centimeters. It is characterized by extremely long canine teeth, and has the proportionally longest canines of any gorgonopsian. Unlike other gorgonopsians, which probably hunted similarly to predatory reptiles, ''Smilesaurus'' probably was a true saber-toothed predator which hunted using similar tactics to saber-toothed cats. It can be distinguished by other rubidgeines by its lack of cranial pachyostosis and rugosoties, and by its relatively small orbits. Classification The classification of ''Smilesaurus'' has been disputed. It has often been included in Rubidgeinae, but it differs from other members of the clade considerably. Instead, it may be more closely related to ''Arctops'', a position supported by a phylogenetic analysis in 2018. Belo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paragalerhinus
''Paragalerhinus'' is an extinct genus of Gorgonopsia. It was first named by Sigogneau in 1970, and contains one species, ''P. rubidgei''. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... Sources paleodb.orgwww.paleofile.com - Alphabetical list, Section P. Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Permian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1970 {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
"Dixeya" Nasuta
"''Dixeya''" ''nasuta'' is a species of the predatory gorgonopsian therapsids from the Late Permian of East Africa, known from fossils found in what is now Tanzania. The species has a complicated taxonomic history, it was originally named as a second species of the genus ''Dixeya'' which is now considered a junior synonym of ''Aelurognathus''. "''D.''" ''nasuta'' itself, however, was not moved to ''Aelurognathus'', and although it was instead tentatively referred to ''Arctognathus'' at first it has since been recognised to not belong to this genus either. This situation leaves "''Dixeya''" ''nasuta'' without a formal genus name. It was proposed to belong to a new distinct genus, named "Njalila", that was informally proposed for the species in a PhD thesis, but this name has not yet been formally published and is currently a ''nomen nudum''. "''D.''" ''nasuta'' has been characterised from other gorgonopsians by a combination of its straight snout profile, upturned and 'pinched' nos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycaenops
''Lycaenops'' ("wolf-face") is a genus of carnivorous therapsids. It lived during the Middle Permian to the early Late Permian, about 260 mya, in what is now South Africa. Description ''Lycaenops'' measured about and weighed up to . Like the modern-day wolves from which it takes its name, ''Lycaenops'' had a long and slender skull, with a set of dog-like fangs set into both its upper and lower jaws. These pointed canine teeth were ideal for the use of stabbing and/or tearing at the flesh of any large prey that it came upon. ''Lycaenops'' most likely hunted small vertebrates such as reptiles and dicynodonts. ''Lycaenops'' walked and ran with its long legs held close to its body. This is a feature found in mammals, but not in more primitive amniotes, early reptiles, and synapsids such as pelycosaurs, whose legs are positioned to the sides of their bodies. The ability to move like a mammal would have given ''Lycaenops'' an advantage over other land vertebrates, since it would hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Lycaenops")