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Gonario II Of Torres
Gonario II (also spelled ''Gonnario'' or ''Gunnari''; died between 1180 and 1190) was the '' giudice'' of Logudoro (a kingdom in Sardinia) from the death of his father to his own abdication in 1154. He was a son of Constantine I and Marcusa de Gunale. He was born between 1113 and 1114 according to later sources and the Camaldolese church of S. Trinità di Saccargia was founded in his name by his parents on 16 December 1112, though it wasn't consecrated until 5 October 1116. Constantine died between 1127 and 1128, leaving his son under the regency of Ittocorre Gambella. When the Athen family tried to harm the young ruler, Ittocorre whisked him away to Porto Torres and the protection of the Pisans, who took him to Pisa and the house of Ugo da Parlascio Ebriaco. When he turned seventeen, he married Ebriaco's daughter and returned to Sardinia, with Pisan permission and four armed galleys. His father-in-law was part of this expedition to repossess his ''giudicato'' (1130). Together th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judge Of Logudoro
The kings or ''judges'' (''iudices'' or ''judikes'') of Logudoro (or Torres) were the local rulers of the ''locum de Torres'' or region (province) around Porto Torres, the chief northern port of Sardinia, during the Middle Ages. :''The identity, number, relationships, and chronology of the kings up until about 1112 are poorly sourced and highly disputed among historians of the period.'' * Gonario I (c. 1015 – c. 1038) * Comita II (c. 1038 – c. 1060) * Barisone I (c. 1060 – c. 1073) * Andrew Tanca (c. 1064 – c. 1073) * Marianus I (to c. 1082) *Constantine I (c. 1082 – c. 1127) * Gonario II (c. 1127 – 1153) ** Saltaro (1127), pretender **Ittocorre Gambella (1127 – 1140), regent *Barisone II (1153 – 1186) * Constantine II (1186 – 1198) * Comita III (1198 – 1218) * Marianus II (1218 – 1233) * Barisone III (1233 – 1236) * Adelasia (1236 – 1259) ** Ubaldo (1236 – 1238), husband ** Enzio (1238 – 127 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montecassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first house of the Benedictine Order, having been established by Benedict of Nursia himself around 529. It was for the community of Monte Cassino that the Rule of Saint Benedict was composed. The first monastery on Monte Cassino was sacked by the invading Lombards around 570 and abandoned. Of the first monastery almost nothing is known. The second monastery was established by Petronax of Brescia around 718, at the suggestion of Pope Gregory II and with the support of the Lombard Duke Romuald II of Benevento. It was directly subject to the pope and many monasteries in Italy were under its authority. In 883, the monastery was sacked by Saracens and abandoned again. The community of monks resided first at Teano and then from 914 at Capua befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( la, Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templars, and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order. He was sent to found Clairvaux Abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the ''Val d'Absinthe'', about southeast of Bar-sur-Aube. In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar, which soon became an ideal of Christian nobility. On the death of Pope Honorius II in 1130, a schism arose in the church. Bernard was a major proponent of Pope Innocent II, arguing effectively for his legitimacy over the Antipope Anacletus II. In 1139, Bernard attended the Second Council of the Lateran and criticized Peter Abelard vocally. Bernard advocated crusades in general and convinced many to participate in the unsuccessful Second Crusade, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baldwin, Archbishop Of Pisa
Baldwin (died 6 October 1145) was a Cistercian monk and later Archbishop of Pisa,_a_correspondent_of_Bernard_of_Clairvaux.html" ;"title="717, Pisan and on 31 July 1725 [1726, Pisan A special assembly (''conventus'') was held in P ..., a correspondent of Bernard of Clairvaux">717, Pisan and on 31 July 1725 [1726, Pisan A special assembly (''conventus'') was held in P ..., a correspondent of Bernard of Clairvaux, and a reformer of the Republic of Pisa. Throughout his episcopate, he greatly expanded the authority of his diocese, making it the most powerful institution in Liguria and Sardinia, and notably increased its landholdings. [ ope Innocent II named Baldwin a cardinal-priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere no later than in 1137, when he appears for the first time in this dignity. Later that year, he was in the Mezzogiorno, probably in the trail of the Emperor Lothair II. According to Peter the Deacon, he and a son of Pier Leoni (''filium Petri Leonis'') were at Montecassino to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arborea
Arborea is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Oristano, Sardinia, Italy, whose economy is largely based on agriculture and cattle breeding with production of vegetables, rice, fruit and milk (notably the local milk product Arborea). History Arborea was built by the fascist government of Italy in the 1920s, after the draining of the marshes which covered the area. The village was populated by families, mostly composed of peasants, who came from the regions of Veneto and Friuli in north-eastern Italy. Name Arborea is named for and lies within the medieval Giudicato of Arborea, which had its capital, at various periods, in nearby Tharros and Oristano. The town was originally named ''Villaggio Mussolini'' (with which it was inaugurated on October 29, 1928), by the fascist government in honor of the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini. Less than two years later, the name was revised to ''Mussolinia di Sardegna'' ("''Mussolinia of Sardinia''", to distinguish the town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uberto, Archbishop Of Pisa
Uberto Lanfranchi (or Humbert) (died 1137) was the Cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata (appointed by Pope Calixtus II no later than 1123), then the Cardinal-priest of San Clemente (appointed by Honorius II in 1126), and finally the Archbishop of Pisa_(appointed_by_Pope_Innocent_II.html" "title="717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J ... (appointed by Pope Innocent II">Innocent II in 1132/3). Lanfranchi was from northern Italy, either from Pisa, where he had been a regular canon, or from Bologna.Richard A. Fletcher (1984), ''Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press), 216. Uberto subscribed a Papal bull on 6 April 1123 when he was a cardinal-deacon and as cardinal-priest he undersigned bulls between 28 March 1126 and 2 September 1133. In 1129 Humber was sent as a Papal legate to the Kingdom of León. Upon his arrival (probably late in 1129 or in the early days of 113 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comita I Of Gallura
Comita Spanu was the '' giudice'' of Gallura, in Sardinia, from 1133 to 1146. He was the son and successor of Constantine II. Around 1130, Comita, like Gonario II of Torres and Constantine I of Arborea, did homage to the archdiocese of Pisa._On_26_June_1132,_Comita_was_at_the_judicial_palace_of_ 708,_Pisan);_on_30–31_July_1716_[1717,_Pisan_and_on_31_J_...._On_26_June_1132,_Comita_was_at_the_judicial_palace_of_Logudoro">717,_Pisan">708,_Pisan);_on_30–31_July_1716_[1717,_Pisan_and_on_31_J_...._On_26_June_1132,_Comita_was_at_the_judicial_palace_of_Logudoro_at_Ardara,_Sardinia.html" ;"title="Logudoro.html" ;"title="717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... On 26 June 1132, Comita was at the judicial palace of Logudoro">717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... On 26 June 1132, Comita was at the judicial palace of Logudoro at Ardara, Sardinia">Ardara to do homage to Roger, Archbishop of Pisa. This last act helped e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine I Of Arborea
Constantine IAlso ''Costantino'', ''Gosantine'', ''Goantine'', or ''Gantine''. (born in the second half of the 11th century) was the Judge of Arborea. He was the son of Gonario II and Elena de Orrubu. The dates of his reign are unknown, but he was probably in power at the turn of the 12th century. It was probably dominated by wars between Genoa and Pisa which lasted from 1118 to 1133. Constantine tightened Aborea's alliance with the Republic of Pisa. His reign followed on the Gregorian reform of the papal church and its major effect on Sardinia. Like his predecessors, Constantine probably paid the annual tribute to the Holy See of 1,100 bezants. He accepted papal and Pisan suzerainty and sponsored the expanding monasticism on the island. Monasticism provided much needed technological and economic improvements, as the monks which immigrated to inhabit the new foundations and the reformed old ones brought with them collections of books and knowledge of more efficient agricultural a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Legate
300px, A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or apostolic legate (from the ancient Roman title ''legatus'') is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters. The legate is appointed directly by the pope—the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars. The term ''legation'' is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is ''legatine''. History 200px, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, papal legate to England during the reign of Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in both the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Between the 16th and 17th centuries it was one of the major financial centers in Europe. Throughout its history, the Genoese Republic established numerous colonies throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including Corsica from 1347 to 1768, Monaco, Southern Crimea from 1266 to 1475 and the islands of Lesbos and Chios from the 14th century to 1462 and 1566 respectively. With the arrival of the early modern period, the Republic had lost many of its colonies, and had to shift its interests and focus on banking. This decision would prove successful for Genoa, which remained as one of the hubs of capitalism, with highly developed banks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comita II Of Arborea
Comita II (or III) (died 1147) was the ''Judge'' of the Judicate of Arborea, from 1131 until his death. He was the son of Constantine I of Arborea, first ruler of Arborea of the Lacon dynasty. He married Elena de Orrubu, mother of Barison II of Arborea.According to the '' Condaghe di Santa Maria di Bonarcado'', he was the son of Constantine I and Anna de Zori. The dating and chronology of his reign are obscure. Comita succeeded his father Constantine I of Arborea. The date of this succession is assumed to be 1131, when he first appears in a communication with the Republic of Genoa. In 1130, Constantine, Gonario II of Torres, and Comita I of Gallura had sworn fealty to the archbishop of Pisa._In_1133,_Pope_Innocent_II.html" ;"title="717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... In 1133, Pope Innocent II">717, Pisan">708, Pisan); on 30–31 July 1716 [1717, Pisan and on 31 J .... In 1133, Pope Innocent II raised Genoa to archiepiscopal status and divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
