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Go First Dice
Go First Dice are a set of dice in which, when rolled together, each die has an equal chance of showing the highest number, the second highest number, and so on. The dice are intended for fairly deciding the order of play in, for example, a board game. The number on each side is unique among the set, so that no ties can be formed. Properties There are three properties of fairness, with increasing strength: * Go-first-fair - Each player has an equal chance of rolling the highest number (going first). * Place-fair - When all the rolls are ranked in order, each player has an equal chance of receiving each rank. * Permutation-fair - Every possible ordering of players has an equal probability, which also ensures it is "place-fair". It is also desired that any subset of dice taken from the set and rolled together should also have the same properties, so they can be used for fewer players as well. Configurations where all die have the same number of sides are presented here, but altern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dice
A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, role-playing games, and games of chance. A traditional die is a cube with each of its six faces marked with a different number of dots ( pips) from one to six. When thrown or rolled, the die comes to rest showing a random integer from one to six on its upper surface, with each value being equally likely. Dice may also have other polyhedral or irregular shapes, may have faces marked with numerals or symbols instead of pips and may have their numbers carved out from the material of the dice instead of marked on it. Loaded dice are specifically designed or modified to favor some results over others, for cheating or entertainment purposes. History Dice have been used since before recorded history, and their origin is uncertain. It is hypoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Least Common Multiple
In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple (LCM), lowest common multiple, or smallest common multiple (SCM) of two integers ''a'' and ''b'', usually denoted by , is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both ''a'' and ''b''. Since division of integers by zero is undefined, this definition has meaning only if ''a'' and ''b'' are both different from zero. However, some authors define lcm(''a'', 0) as 0 for all ''a'', since 0 is the only common multiple of ''a'' and 0. The least common multiple of the denominators of two fractions is the "lowest common denominator" (lcd), and can be used for adding, subtracting or comparing the fractions. The least common multiple of more than two integers ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', . . . , usually denoted by , is defined as the smallest positive integer that is divisible by each of ''a'', ''b'', ''c'', . . . Overview A multiple of a number is the product of that number and an integer. For example, 10 is a multiple of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric Harshbarger
Eric Harshbarger (born 1971) is an Alabama-based builder of large-scale Lego brick mosaics and sculptures. From around 2000 to 2006 he was commissioned to build for television shows and magazines for promotional purposes. Harshbarger is also well known for his work in puzzle and game design. His ''Digits in a Box'' toy has been produced by Popular Playthings since 2007. ''Wired'' magazine featured an optical illusion puzzle of his design in 2009. Collaborating with Mike Selinker, Harshbarger co-authored an optimization puzzle for the ''Maze of Games'' in 2015. From 2004-2017 he also has hosted one or more puzzle parties in and around his hometown of Auburn, Alabama. His puzzle TicTac's Tactics won Jury Honorable Mention at the 2018 International Nob Yoshigahara Puzzle Design Competition.Nob Yoshigahara Puzzle Design Competition - Jury Honorable Mention* Harshbarger has been instrumental in the research, development, and production of Go First Dice. References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intransitive Dice
A set of dice is intransitive (or nontransitive) if it contains X>2 dice, ''X1'', ''X2'', and ''X3''... with the property that ''X1'' rolls higher than ''X2'' more than half the time, and ''X2'' rolls higher than ''X3'' etc... more than half the time, but where it is not true that ''X1'' rolls higher than ''Xn'' more than half the time. In other words, a set of dice is intransitive if the binary relation – rolls a higher number than more than half the time – on its elements is not transitive. More simply, ''X1'' normally beats ''X2'', ''X2'' normally beats ''X3'', but ''X1'' does not normally beat ''Xn''. It is possible to find sets of dice with the even stronger property that, for each die in the set, there is another die that rolls a higher number than it more than half the time. This is different in that instead of only "''A'' does not normally beat ''C''" it is now "''C'' normally beats ''A''". Using such a set of dice, one can invent games which are biased in ways th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
