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Glaucostegidae
''Glaucostegus'', also known as giant guitarfishes, is a genus of large Indo-Pacific rays, with a single species, '' Glaucostegus cemiculus'', in the East Atlantic, and Mediterranean. They were formerly classified in the family Rhinobatidae but are now recognized as a distinct family, Glaucostegidae. Their upperparts are uniform pale yellowish, brownish or greyish, and the nose is pale. Most are large, reaching in length depending on the exact species involved, except for the small ''G. obtusus'' that is less than . Species There are seven recognized species, all of which are classified as critically endangered: * '' Glaucostegus cemiculus'' (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) (Blackchin guitarfish) * '' Glaucostegus granulatus'' Cuvier, 1829 (Sharpnose guitarfish) * ''Glaucostegus halavi The halavi guitarfish (''Glaucostegus halavi'') is a species of ray found in the Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea to Gulf of Oman, with unconfirmed records in the area east of Oman). Recorded twice, ...
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Common Shovelnose Ray
The common shovelnose ray, giant shovelnose ray or giant guitarfish (''Glaucostegus typus'') is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family found in the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from India to the East China Sea, Solomon Islands and northern Australia. It is found in shallow coastal areas to a depth of at least , including mangrove, estuaries and reportedly also in freshwaters. It reaches up to in length, and is greyish-brown to yellowish-brown above with a paler snout. This species has been tested for colour vision using choice experiments that control for brightness. It was the first rigorous behavioural evidence for colour vision in any elasmobranch. References common shovelnose ray common shovelnose ray The common shovelnose ray, giant shovelnose ray or giant guitarfish (''Glaucostegus typus'') is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family found in the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from India to the East China Sea, Solomon Islands and northern ... Taxonomy ...
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Glaucostegus Younholeei
''Glaucostegus'', also known as giant guitarfishes, is a genus of large Indo-Pacific rays, with a single species, '' Glaucostegus cemiculus'', in the East Atlantic, and Mediterranean. They were formerly classified in the family Rhinobatidae but are now recognized as a distinct family, Glaucostegidae. Their upperparts are uniform pale yellowish, brownish or greyish, and the nose is pale. Most are large, reaching in length depending on the exact species involved, except for the small ''G. obtusus'' that is less than . Species There are seven recognized species, all of which are classified as critically endangered: * '' Glaucostegus cemiculus'' (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) (Blackchin guitarfish) * '' Glaucostegus granulatus'' Cuvier, 1829 (Sharpnose guitarfish) * ''Glaucostegus halavi The halavi guitarfish (''Glaucostegus halavi'') is a species of ray found in the Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea to Gulf of Oman, with unconfirmed records in the area east of Oman). Recorded twice, ...
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Glaucostegus Typus
The common shovelnose ray, giant shovelnose ray or giant guitarfish (''Glaucostegus typus'') is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family found in the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from India to the East China Sea, Solomon Islands and northern Australia. It is found in shallow coastal areas to a depth of at least , including mangrove, estuaries and reportedly also in freshwaters. It reaches up to in length, and is greyish-brown to yellowish-brown above with a paler snout. This species has been tested for colour vision using choice experiments that control for brightness. It was the first rigorous behavioural evidence for colour vision in any elasmobranch. References common shovelnose ray common shovelnose ray The common shovelnose ray, giant shovelnose ray or giant guitarfish (''Glaucostegus typus'') is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family found in the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from India to the East China Sea, Solomon Islands and northe ... Taxonomy ar ...
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Glaucostegus Thouin
The clubnose guitarfish ''(Glaucostegus thouin)'' is a critically endangered species of ray in the Glaucostegidae family. It is found from shallow coastal waters to a depth of in the Indo-Pacific, ranging from India to Southeast Asia, and also in the Red Sea. There are also old unconfirmed records from the Mediterranean and Suriname. It reaches up to in length, but typically is less than .It is pale yellowish or brownish with a pale snout. It has an unusual club-like tip of the snout, which separates it from other members of the genus ''Glaucostegus ''Glaucostegus'', also known as giant guitarfishes, is a genus of large Indo-Pacific rays, with a single species, '' Glaucostegus cemiculus'', in the East Atlantic, and Mediterranean. They were formerly classified in the family Rhinobatidae but ...''. References clubnose guitarfish Fish of the Red Sea Fish of Sri Lanka clubnose guitarfish Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Rajiformes-stub ...
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Glaucostegus Obtusus
The widenose guitarfish (''Glaucostegus obtusus'') is a species of fish in the Rhinobatidae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, coral reefs, and estuarine An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environment ... waters. References widenose guitarfish Fish of Bangladesh widenose guitarfish Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Rajiformes-stub ...
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Glaucostegus Granulatus
The sharpnose guitarfish (''Glaucostegus granulatus'') is a species of ray in the Rhinobatidae family. It is found near Australia, India, Indonesia, Kuwait, Myanmar, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly China and Oman. Its natural habitats are open seas, coral reefs, and estuarine waters. It ranges from intertidal The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species ... to offshore continental shelves down to 119 m. The sharpnose guitarfish feeds on large shellfish. References External linksCatalogue of Life listing sharpnose guitarfish Sharpnose guitarfish Sharpnose guitarfish Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Rajiformes-stub ...
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Rhinopristiformes
Rhinopristiformes is an order of rays, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks, containing shovelnose rays and allied groups. Families * Family Glaucostegidae (giant guitarfishes) * Family Pristidae (sawfishes) * Family Rhinidae (wedgefishes) * Family Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes) * Family Trygonorrhinidae (banjo rays) ;Additional families Two additional families are associated with the order but their phylogenetic relationships have not been fully resolved: * Family Platyrhinidae (thornback rays) * Family Zanobatidae The panrays are a genus, ''Zanobatus'', of rays found in coastal parts of the warm East Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Morocco to Angola. It is the only genus in the family Zanobatidae, which traditionally has been included in the Myliobatiformes ... (panrays) Characteristics Species in the order Rhinopristiformes generally exhibit slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity. Alone or in combination, such features cause fishes in this group to be suscep ...
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Glaucostegus Cemiculus
The blackchin guitarfish (''Rhinobatos cemiculus'' or sometimes ''Glaucostegus cemiculus'') is a species of cartilaginous fish in the family Rhinobatidae. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a bottom-dwelling fish feeding on crustaceans, other invertebrates and fish. The females give birth to live young. Its lifestyle makes it vulnerable to trawling and other fishing methods, populations seem to be declining and it is subject to intensive fishing pressure, with its fins being sold into the Asian market. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being " critically endangered". Description The blackchin guitarfish is plain brown above and white below, and has a black blotch on its snout, more noticeable in juveniles than adult fish. It is similar in appearance to the common guitarfish (''Rhinobatos rhinobatos'') which is sympatric (shares the same range). Characteristic differences include the b ...
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Glaucostegus Halavi
The halavi guitarfish (''Glaucostegus halavi'') is a species of ray found in the Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea to Gulf of Oman, with unconfirmed records in the area east of Oman). Recorded twice, in 1997 and 2004, in the levantine waters, the question of its permanent settlement in the Mediterranean Sea remains open. Its name is derived from the Arabic word (''halawi'').an Arabic zoological dictionary by Maj. - General Amin Malouf, M. D. 3rd edition 1985 page 203 and in Arabic معجم الحيوان للفريق امين المعلوف الطبعة الثالثة 1985 دار الرائد العربي ص 203 It feeds on small molluscs and bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes, which have skeletons primarily composed of cartilag ...es. References halavi guitarfish Fish of the Red Sea halavi guitarfish ...
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Edward Turner Bennett
Edward Turner Bennett (6 January 1797 – 21 August 1836) was an English zoologist and writer. He was the elder brother of the botanist John Joseph Bennett.Bennett, Edward Turner (1797-1836), zoologist
by J. C. Edwards in Dictionary of National Biography online (accessed 21 July 2008)
Bennett was born at Hackney (parish), Hackney and practiced as a surgery, surgeon, but his chief pursuit was always zoology. In 1822 he attempted to establish an entomological society, which later became a zoological society in connection with the Linnean Society. This in turn became the starting point of the Zoological Society of London, of which Bennett was Secretary from 1831 to 1836.Mullens, W. H., and Harry Kirke Swann, H. Kirke Swann

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Peter Forsskål
Peter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl (11 January 1732 – 11 July 1763) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish explorer, orientalist, naturalist, and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Early life Forsskål was born in Helsinki, now in Finland but then a part of Sweden, where his father, Finnish priest , was serving as a Lutheran clergyman, but the family migrated to Sweden in 1741 when the father was appointed to the parish of Tegelsmora in Uppland and the archdiocese of Uppsala. As was common at the time, he enrolled at Uppsala University at a young age in 1742, but returned home for some time and, after studies on his own, rematriculated in Uppsala in 1751, where he completed a theological degree the same year. Linnaeus's disciple In Uppsala Forsskål was one of the students of Linnaeus, but apparently also studied with the orientalist Carl Aurivillius, whose contacts with the Göttingen orientalist Johann David Michae ...
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Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils. Cuvier's work is considered the foundation of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phylum, phyla and incorporating both fossils and living species into the classification. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction as a fact—at the time, extinction was considered by many of Cuvier's contemporaries to be merely controversial speculation. In his ''Essay on the Theory of the Earth'' (1813) Cuvier proposed that now-extinct species had been wiped out by periodic catastrophi ...
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