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Gjonima
The Jonima family ( sq, Gjonima) was an Albanian noble family that held a territory around Lezhë (northern Albania), as a vassal of Arbër, Serbia and Ottoman Empire, active in the 13th to 15th centuries. The Jonima, like most Albanian noble families, were part of a ''fis'' or clan. It is also said that they had close ties to the Kastrioti tribe. Name and toponomy The name appears in multiple forms in historical sources, such as Gonoma, Guonimi, Gjonëmi, Ghionoma, Giolma, Gionima, Gonome, Jonema, Jonoma etc. The term occurs widely in toponymy, albeit in considerably deformed versions, such as ''Quku i Gjormit'' of Xhani, ''Gjormi'' of Rrjolli, ''Brija e Gjormit'' of Gruemirë, ''Gjormi'' of Grizha to the north of Shkodër, ''Gjormi'' in Elbasan and ''Kodra e Gjormakvet'' in Dajçi of Zadrima. The form ''Gjonëmi'' can be found in Lurja and Luma, and ''Gjunumi'' is found near Dukat nearby Vlorë. Marin Barleti mentions ''Sylva Jonimorum'' in Kurbini, and Gjon Muz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladislav Jonima
Vladislav Jonima ( 1303–19) was an Albanian nobleman that initially served Serbian King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), holding areas of the Kingdom of Serbia in the region of Doclea and northern Albania. He was last mentioned in 1319, as a participant of a Catholic coalition of the Kingdom of Albania led by Philip of Taranto (r. 1294–1332, seemingly having switched sides against Milutin. He is an ancestor of the Jonima family. Croatian historian Milan Šufflay (1879–1931) treated him as undoubtedly a descendant of ''sevast'' Jonima, mentioned in Angevin sources dating to 1274. Swiss historian Oliver Schmitt (born 1973) regards his Slavic name and position in a Slavic-dominated state, as an Albanian, a sign of close relations between the two ethnic groups in the region. In 1303 he appears present in the Serbian court. In 1306 he held the title of ''župan'' in the service of Serbian King Stefan Milutin; Jonima was among the witnesses mentioned in a charter issued to Rata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elbasan
Elbasan ( ; sq-definite, Elbasani ) is the fourth most populous city of Albania and seat of Elbasan County and Elbasan Municipality. It lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania. Etymology The Albanian name is derived from the Ottoman Turkish ''il-basan'' ("the fortress"). is also the Aromanian name of the city. According to Saliaj the name in antiquity ''Scampa'' is derived from the word ''Shkamba'' ("The Rock or Cliff") in Albanian. Comparing with the name of the river of Elbasan ,''Shkumbini'' ("Scampini in Antiquity"). History In August 2010 archaeologists discovered two Illyrian graves near the walls of the castle of Elbasan. In the second century BC, a trading post called '' Mansio Scampa'' near the site of modern Elbasan developed close to a junction of two branches of an important Roman road, the Via Egnatia, which connected the Adriatic coast with Byzantium. It was one of the most imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilayet
A vilayet ( ota, , "province"), also known by #Names, various other names, was a first-order administrative division of the later Ottoman Empire. It was introduced in the Vilayet Law of 21 January 1867, part of the Tanzimat reform movement initiated by the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856. The Danube Vilayet had been specially formed in 1864 as an experiment under the leading reformer Midhat Pasha. The Vilayet Law expanded its use, but it was not until 1884 that it was applied to all of the empire's provinces. Writing for the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' in 1911, Vincent Henry Penalver Caillard claimed that the reform had intended to provide the provinces with greater amounts of local self-government but in fact had the effect of centralizing more power with the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan and Islam in the Ottoman Empire, local Muslims at the expense of other communities. Names The Ottoman Turkish ''vilayet'' () was a loanword linguistic borrowing, borrowed from Arabic lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dervendjis
Derbendcis or Derbentler were the most important and largest Ottoman military auxiliary constabulary units usually responsible for guarding important roads, bridges, fords or mountain passes. Usually, the population of an entire village near some important pass would be assigned with derbendci status in exchange for tax exemptions. Etymology The name is derived from a Persian word ''Dar-band'' meaning "pass", "gateway" or "closer of the door". History The Ottomans had common practice to exempt some of their tax-paying subjects (rayah) from paying certain taxes in exchange for some services. In case of derbendcis this also included military services such as guarding mountain passes. Usually the entire villages were assigned with this duty and exempted from paying war time taxes ( tr, avarız-ı divaniyye), customary taxes ( tr, tekâlif-i örfiye), service as oarsmen in the Ottoman navy and devşirme of their boys into janissaries. In the region of northern Macedonia at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hass (Ottoman)
In the Ottoman administrative-military classification of land, a ''hâss'' was an estate with revenue. It was further divided into classes. *''hass-ı hümayun'', Imperial demesne (domain) *''hass-ı mir-liva'', taxes for district commander *''hass-ı mirmiran'', prebend of second-level ''pasha Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, gener ...'' governing a province References *{{cite book, author=Halil İnalcık, title=An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j-AtkBmn78C&pg=PA141, year=1997, publisher=Cambridge University Press, isbn=978-0-521-57456-3, pages=141– Taxation in the Ottoman Empire Land taxation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defter
A ''defter'' (plural: ''defterler'') was a type of tax register and land cadastre in the Ottoman Empire. Description The information collected could vary, but ''tahrir defterleri'' typically included details of villages, dwellings, household heads (adult males and widows), ethnicity/religion (because these could affect tax liabilities/exemptions), and land use. The defter-i hakâni was a land registry, also used for tax purposes. Each town had a defter and typically an officiator or someone in an administrative role to determine whether the information should be recorded. The officiator was usually some kind of learned man who had knowledge of state regulations. The defter was used to record family interactions such as marriage and inheritance. These records are useful for historians because such information allows for a more in-depth understanding of land ownership among Ottomans. This is particularly helpful when attempting to study the daily affairs of Ottoman citizens. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gjon Muzaka
Gjon Muzaka ( fl. 1510; it, Giovanni Musachi di Berat ) was an Albanian nobleman from the Muzaka family, that has historically ruled in the Myzeqe region, Albania. In 1510 he wrote a ''Breve memoria de li discendenti de nostra casa Musachi'' (Short memoir on the descendants of our Myzeqe lineage). The work was published in Karl Hopf's ''Chroniques gréco-romaines'', Paris 1873, pp. 270–340. According to his memoirs, Gjon's father died before Ottomans captured Berat in 1417. The memoir of Gjon Muzaka (1515) His memoir is considered to be the oldest substantial text written by an Albanian. It was originally written in Latin and his name was listed as Giovanni Musachi. In it he mentions several interesting things that were confirmed to have been accurate by Noel Malcolm. Among other things he claims that, according to family history, the name "Musachi" is derived from a corrupted form of the name "Molossachi", ancient tribesmen of Epirus known as the Molossians. Name His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marin Barleti
Marin Barleti ( la, Marinus Barletius, it, Marino Barlezio; – ) was a historian and Catholic priest from Shkodër who was a humanist. He is considered the first Albanian historian because of his 1504 eyewitness account of the 1478 siege of Shkodra. Barleti is better known for his second work, a biography on Skanderbeg, translated into many languages in the 16th to the 20th centuries. Life Barleti was born and raised in Scutari (modern Shkodra, Albania), then part of the Republic of Venice. Although there is no debate whether Barleti was a native Shkodran or an Albanian in a geographical sense, scholars variously assert that he was of Italian ( DuCange, Iorga), Dalmatian ( Giovio, Czwittinger, Fabricius), or Albanian (Zeno, Fallmerayer, Jireček) ethnic origin. In his works Barleti repeatedly calls himself Shkodran ( la, Scodrensis), and then equates being Shkodran with being Epirote, a term used by early Albanian language authors as an equivalent form of the ethnonym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vlorë
Vlorë ( , ; sq-definite, Vlora) is the third most populous city of the Republic of Albania and seat of Vlorë County and Vlorë Municipality. Located in southwestern Albania, Vlorë sprawls on the Bay of Vlorë and is surrounded by the foothills of the Ceraunian Mountains along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts. It experiences a Mediterranean climate, which is affected by the Ceraunian Mountains and the proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. Vlorë was founded as Aulon as an Ancient Greek colony on the Illyrian coast and was conquered at different periods throughout history by Romans, Byzantines, Normans, Venetians and Ottomans. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, the Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength for national consciousness, which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance. Vlorë played an instrumental role in Albanian Independence as an epicenter for the founders of modern Albania, who signed the Declaration of Independence on 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dukat, Albania
Dukat is a community in Vlorë County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Vlorë. The Dukat Plain covers an area of around 1,000–1,500 ha delimited by the Ceraunian Mountains and opened in the north towards the Bay of Vlorë on the Adriatic. Dukat traditionally belongs to the Albanian ethnographic region of Labëria. Name Its name contains the Albanian suffix ''-at'', widely used to form toponyms from personal names and surnames. Geography The Dukat plain is delimited by the Ceraunian Mountains, and it is opened in the north towards the Bay of Vlorë on the Adriatic Sea where the Dukat lagoon can be found. With a triangular shape, the plain covers an area of approximately 1,000–1,500 ha. The Dukat plain is irrigated by the Dukat river and numerous torrents which descend from the mountains, most prominently that of Llogara. The Llogara Pass at over 1,000 meters of altitude on the Ceraunian Mountains connects the Dukat plain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luma (region)
Lumë ( sq-definite, Luma, literally "river") is a region that extends itself in northeastern Albania and southwest Kosovo whose territory is synonymous with the historic Albanian tribe (''fis'') of the same name. It includes the village with the same name, Lumë, which is located in Albania. Luma is surrounded by Has region (north and northwest), Fan and Orosh (west), Reçi and M’Ujë e m’Uja (south west), Upper Reka (south east), Gora (east), Opoja and Vërrini of Prizren (north east). The region itself also includes the small Arrëni tribe in the west and the Morina tribe in the east. Only a small portion of the region, half of historic Tërthorë bajrak (tribal banner), is situated within the borders of Kosovo, from Prizren city to the border between Kosovo and Albania. During the Balkan wars (1912-1913), Serb military forces attempting to assert their control of the region entered Luma and attacked local inhabitants, killed tribal chieftains, removed livestock belon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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