|
Giuseppe Biancheri
Giuseppe Biancheri (2 December 1821 – 28 October 1908) was an Italian politician and lawyer. He was the longest serving President of the Chamber of Deputies in united Italian history, having held the position for over 18 years between 1870 and 1907. He was also one of the longest serving Members of the Chamber of Deputies, having served from 1861 until his death in 1908. Life and career Biancheri was born on 2 December 1821 in Ventimiglia. He attended a school of practical-commercial address in Munich, and then attended the University of Turin where he graduated with a law degree in 1846. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Sardinia for Sanremo in 1853 and was reelected in 1857 and 1860. He was then elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1861. He would be reelected in 1865, 1867, 1870, 1874, 1876, 1880, 1882, 1886, 1890, 1892, 1895, 1897, 1900 and 1904. He served as Minister of the Navy in the Second Ricasoli government from February to April 1867. He was firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Honourable
''The Honourable'' (British English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions. Use by governments International diplomacy In international diplomatic relations, representatives of foreign states are often styled as ''The Honourable''. Deputy chiefs of mission, , consuls-general and consuls are always given the style. All heads of consular posts, whether they are honorary or career postholders, are accorded the style according to the State Department of the United States. However, the style ''Excellency'' instead of ''The Honourable'' is used for ambassadors and high commissioners. Africa The Congo In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the prefix 'Honourable' or 'Hon.' is used for members of both chambers of the Parliament of the Democratic Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to an 1946 Italian institutional referendum, institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italy, Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process, the ''Italian unification, Risorgimento'', of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the House of Savoy, Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered Italy's legal Succession of states, predecessor state. Italy Third Italian War of Independence, declared war on Austrian Empire, Austria in alliance with Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops Capture of Rome, entered Rome in 1870, ending Papal States, more tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1890 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 23 November 1890, with a second round of voting on 30 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 401 of the 508 seats. As in 1886, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1030 Background Francesco Crispi was appointed Prime Minister on 29 July 1887. True to his initial progressive leanings he moved ahead with stalled reforms, abolishing the death penalty, revoking anti-strike laws, limiting police powers, reforming the penal code and the administration of justice with the help of his Minister of Justice Giuseppe Zanardelli, reorganising charities and passing public health laws and legislation to protect emigrants that worked abroad. He sought popular support for the state with a programme of orderly development at home and expansion abroad.S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1886 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 23 May 1886, with a second round of voting on 30 May.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook'', p. 1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 292 of the 508 seats. As in 1882, the elections were held using small multi-member constituencies of between two and five seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1030 Electoral system As in 1882, the election was held using small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats. Campaign The Historical Left was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, a prominent member of the Italian politics for decades. Depretis had been head of the government since 1881 and also from 1876 to 1879. The leader of the Historical Right was Antonio Starabba di Rudinì, a conservative marchese from Sicily. The Historical Far-Left was led by Felice Cavallotti, a famous Italian poet. The Left emerged as the largest in Italian P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1882 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 29 October 1882, with a second round of voting on 5 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 The "ministerial" left-wing bloc emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 289 of the 508 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1082 Electoral system Shortly before the elections the voting age was lowered from 25 to 21 and the tax requirement lowered from ₤40 to ₤19.80, whilst men with three years of primary education were exempted from it.Nohlen & Stöver, pp1029-1030 This resulted in the number of eligible voters increasing from 621,896 at the 1880 elections to 2,017,829.Nohlen & Stöver, p1049 The electoral system was changed from one based on single-member constituencies to one based on small multi-member constituencies with between two and five seats. Voters had as many votes as there were candidates, except in constituencies with five seats, in which they were limited to four votes.Nohlen & St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1880 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 16 May 1880, with a second round of voting on 23 May.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 Campaign The Historical Left was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, longtime Prime Minister of Italy. The bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, a conservative politician and former Prime Minister, from Bologna. A third large parliamentary group was the Dissident Left, composed by former members of the Left, which were against the alliance with the Right. Also known as ''La Pentarchia'' (The Pentarchy), its main leader was Giuseppe Zanardelli, a jurisconsult from Brescia. Parties and leaders Results The Historical Left group emerged as the largest in Parliament, although left-wing dissidents won 119 of the 508 seats, becoming the third parliamentary group. Only 621,896 men of a total population of around 29 million were entitled to vote.Nohlen & Stöver, p1049 Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1876 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 5 November, with a second round of voting on 12 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 Campaign The Historical Left was led by the current Prime Minister of Italy, Agostino Depretis, who became head of the government and early elections were called. On the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Right was led by Marco Minghetti, former Prime Minister from Bologna. The election on 5 and 12 November was a snap one, and it came after MPs from Tuscany became dissatisfied with the government of Minghetti following its refusal to intervene in the financial problems of Florence. The government was defeated on a vote on nationalising railways on 18 March 1876 and was forced to resign and Depretis was appointed Prime Minister.Nohlen & Stöver, p1029 For the first time, the left-wing won an election, taking 414 of the 508 seats, of which 12 were extreme left-wingers. As opposed to the previous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1874 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 8 November, with a second round of voting on 15 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Marco Minghetti to strengthen his majority. Only 571,939 men of a total population of around 28 million were entitled to vote. Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with around 48% of the seats in Parliament. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending. This was the last election in which the Historical Right faction emerged as the largest. Campaign Prime Minister Marco Minghetti and his influent Minister of the Treasury Quintino Sella were involved into an ambitious program of budget which needed a strong majority, for which they tried to oblige the Independents to choose their side, beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1870 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 20 November 1870, with a second round of voting on 27 November.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were a snap election, called by Prime Minister Giovanni Lanza to take advantage by the Capture of Rome and to give parliamentary representation to the future capital of Italy. Only 530,018 men of a total population of around 26 million were entitled to vote. They were largely aristocrats representing rentiers from the north of the country, and held moderate political views including loyalty to the crown and low government spending. Campaign The Historical Right was led by the Prime Minister of Italy, Giovanni Lanza, a conservative politician from Piedmont. The bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician and former Prime Minister, who led the left-wing for more than a decade. The electoral result was controversial; in terms of percentages, Prime Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1867 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 10 March 1867, with a second round on 17 March.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 Before the elections, Bettino Ricasoli resigned as Prime Minister due to a disagreement with the Chamber; the Chamber disapproved of his agreements with the Vatican regarding the repatriation of certain religious properties. These snap elections resulted in Urbano Rattazzi being elected once again to office. Due to the restrictive Italian electoral laws of the time, only 504,265 Italian men, out of a total population of around 26 million, were entitled to vote. The voters were largely aristocrats, rentiers, and capitalists, who tended to hold moderate political views, including loyalty to the crown and low government spending. Campaign The opposition to Ricasoli was mainly organized by former Prime Minister Rattazzi, a moderate member of the Historical Left, who had entered into a coalition with the Historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1865 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 22 October 1865, with a second round of voting on 29 October.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 It was the second one in the history of Italy. Electoral campaign The Historical Right was led by the former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, a long-time general who fought during the Italian unification. On the other hand, the bloc of the Historical Left was led by Urbano Rattazzi, a liberal politician who was between the founders of the Italian left-wing parliamentary group. In opposition to the two main blocs there were a third party known as The Extreme, a far-left coalition, under the leadership of Giuseppe Mazzini, an Italian revolutionary and a key figure of the Unification. On 22 and 29 October, only 504,263 men of a total population of around 23 million were entitled to vote. Right-wing candidates emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1861 Italian General Election
General elections were held in Italy on 27 January 1861, with a second round on 3 February.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1047 The newly elected Parliament first convened in Turin on 4 March 1861, where, thirteen days later, it declared the unification of the country as the Kingdom of Italy.Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1027 The elections were carried out according to the 1848 electoral law of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in which only literate men over the age of 25 and paying a certain level of taxation were allowed to vote. Candidates were elected in single member constituencies, with a second round required in cases when no candidates received over 50% of the vote or the equivalent of one-third of the registered voters in the constituency.Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1039 The Pope demanded that Catholics did not take part in the elections. Electoral campaign The Historical Right was led by the former Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
