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Giovanni Francesco Zarbula
Giovanni Francesco Zarbula was a mural painter and sundial designer from Piedmont Italy who created a hundred or more vertical and vertical declining sundials in the French and Italian Alpes between 1830 and 1881. He worked exclusively in Savoy, in Piémont, the Valley of the Ubaye, le Queyras and around Briançon. Laying out the dial Zarbula's method was one of observation then geometric construction. He did not need to know the latitude or declination of the wall, he did not use tables or calculations he just worked directly on the wall. All his dial were within 2° of the 45th parallel, simplifying the construction, and all gave five-minute accuracy. *With a plumb bob he drew a vertical line on the wall. This is the "Noon Line". *He hammered a rod into the wall at right angles to the vertical. This is known as the "centre of the dial", or C *He observed and marked the shadow thrown by the tip of that rod, throughout a day. This line, technically known as a hyperbolic decli ...
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Imperial Eagle
The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of the heraldic eagle is connected with the Roman Empire on one hand (especially in the case of the double-headed eagle), and with Saint John the Evangelist on the other. History A golden eagle was often used on the banner of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. Eagle (or the related royal bird ''vareghna'') symbolized '' khvarenah'' (the God-given glory), and the Achaemenid family was associated with eagle (according to legend, Achaemenes was raised by an eagle). The local rulers of Persis in the Seleucid and Parthian eras (3rd-2nd centuries BC) sometimes used an eagle as the finial of their banner. Parthians and Armenians used eagle banners, too. European heraldry In Europe the iconography of the heraldic eagle, as with other heraldic be ...
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Château-Ville-Vieille
Château-Ville-Vieille (; Vivaro-Alpine: ''Chastèu e Vilavielha'') is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Geography The commune is located in the Queyras. The two villages in the commune lie in the Guil valley; Ville-Vieille on the left bank of the Guil and Château-Queyras on its right bank. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Hautes-Alpes {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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Arvieux
Arvieux (; oc, Arvieus) is a commune of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Arvidants'' or ''Arvidantes''. Geography Arvieux lies at the foot of the Col d'Izoard in the Arvieux Valley some 20 km south by south-east of Briançon and 13 km east by north-east of La Roche-de-Rame. It is surrounded by the high mountains of the ''Massif du Queyras'' whose highest point is in the commune at ''Pic du Béal Traversier'' at 2912 m. Access to the commune is by the D902 from Cervières in the north which goes by a tortuous route through the commune to the village then continues south-east to Guillestre. Apart from the village there are the hamlets of La Draye, Brunissard La Chalp, and Le Coin north of the village and La Cassiere, Les Maisons, Le Pasquier, Villargaudin, Les Moulins, Les Escoyeres, and Les Esponces south of the village. The commune is a high alpine commune wit ...
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Les Orres
Les Orres (; oc, Los Uèris) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. It is chiefly known for its ski resort: 38 alpine skiing runs, of runs. Geography Climate Les Orres has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification ''Dfb''). The average annual temperature in Les Orres is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Les Orres was on 5 July 1936; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 3 January 1979. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
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Saint-Martin-de-Queyrières
Saint-Martin-de-Queyrières (; oc, Sant Martin de Cairiera) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Hautes-Alpes {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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Saint-Chaffrey
Saint-Chaffrey (; oc, Sant Chafrei) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 1,567. An alpine commune, Saint-Chaffrey is located in the Valley of the Guisane, on the road to Grenoble, between La Salle-les-Alpes to the northwest and Briançon to the southeast. Geography The commune of Saint-Chaffrey encompasses the villages of Saint-Chaffrey, Chantemerle, Villard-Laté and La Gérarde. It is situated at the heart of the Serre Chevalier ski resort, which has slopes that serve Chantemerle. Demographics Tour de France Several stages of the Tour de France have started or finished in the commune of Saint-Chaffrey:Tour de France at Saint-Chaffrey oledicodutour ;Finishes ;Starts Gallery Col du granon.jpg, alt=col du granon in winter, Overlooking the valley at Saint-Chaffrey and Briançon from high up on the Col du Granon in winter Saint-Chaffrey mairie.jpg, Saint-Chaffrey Town H ...
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Puy-Saint-Pierre
Puy-Saint-Pierre (; oc, Le Puei Sant Peire) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Hautes-Alpes {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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Puy-Saint-André
Puy-Saint-André (; oc, Puei Sant Andreu) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Hautes-Alpes {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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La Salle-les-Alpes
La Salle-les-Alpes (; Occitan: ''La Sala los Aups'' or simply ''La Sala'') is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 959. Geography The commune of La Salle-les-Alpes forms part of the Serre Chevalier ski resort in the Valley of the Guisane alongside Briançon, Saint-Chaffrey and Le Monêtier-les-Bains."La Salle les Alpes - Villeneuve"
Serre Chevalier Vallée Briançon. It encompasses the villages and hamlets of La Salle, Villeneuve, Le Bez, Les Pananches and Moulin-Baron. As it is situated on the , it is equidistant of the

Eygliers
Eygliers is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Population Geography The river Guil forms all of the commune's southeastern and southern borders; the Durance forms part of its western border; most of the human settlements in the commune are located in its southwestern part, near the confluence of the two rivers. See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department The following is a list of the 162 communes of the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Hautes-Alpes Dauphiné {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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Cervières, Hautes-Alpes
Cervières is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. The village lies at the foot of the Col d'Izoard, which is often on the route of the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. Population See also *Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department * Pic de Rochebrune * Pic de Petit Rochebrune The Pic de Petit Rochebrune (or, simply, ''Petit Rochebrune'') is a mountain in the Cottian Alps belonging to the French department of Hautes-Alpes. Etymology The literal English translation of ''Pic de Rochebrune'' can be ''dark rock peak'' ... References Communes of Hautes-Alpes Hautes-Alpes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{HautesAlpes-geo-stub ...
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