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German Braille
German Braille is one of the older braille alphabets. The French-based order of the letter assignments was largely settled on with the 1878 convention that decided the standard for international braille. However, the assignments for German letters beyond the 26 of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, basic Latin alphabet are mostly unrelated to French Braille, French values. Letters In numerical order by decade, the letters are: The generic accent sign, , is used with foreign names such as ''Molière'' that have accented letters not found in German. There are numerous contractions and abbreviations. Punctuation Punctuation is as follows: Only the first asterisk is marked with dot 6, so print *** is in braille . is the ''Artikel'' sign, marking an article of a document. For the brackets of phonetic transcription, German Braille uses a modified form, . Additional punctuation and symbols, especially mathematical, are explained in the external reference below. Numbers Numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabet
An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Sinaitic script, later known as the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet and is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, including Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and possibly Brahmic. It was created by Semitic-speaking workers and slaves in the Sinai Peninsula (as the Proto-Sinaitic script), by selecting a small number of hieroglyphs commonly seen in their Egyptian surroundings to describe the sounds, as opposed to the semantic values of the Canaanite languages. However, Peter T. Daniels distinguishes an abugida, a set of graphemes that represent consonantal base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Latin-script Digraphs
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets. Capitalisation involves only the first letter (''ch'' becomes ''Ch'') unless otherwise stated (''ij'' becomes ''IJ''). Letters with diacritics are arranged in alphabetic order according to their base: is alphabetised with , not at the end of the alphabet, as it would be in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Substantially-modified letters, such as (a variant of ) and (based on ), are placed at the end. Apostrophe (capital ) is used in Bari for . (capital ) is used in Bari for . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for when it appears in a dark or ''yin'' tone. It is also often written as . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark (capital ) is used in Bari and Hausa (in Nigeria) for , but in Niger, Hausa is replaced with . A is used in Taa, where it represents the glottalized or cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moon Type
The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon script, Moon type, or Moon code) is a writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified). It is claimed by its supporters to be easier to understand than braille, though it is mainly used by people who have lost their sight as adults, and thus already have knowledge of the shapes of letters. History Moon type was developed by William Moon (1818—1894), a blind Englishman living in Brighton, East Sussex. After a bout of scarlet fever, Moon lost his sight at age 21 and became a teacher of blind children. He discovered that his pupils had great difficulty learning to read the existing styles of embossed reading codes, and devised his own system that would be "open and clear to the touch."Farrell, p. 102. Moon first formulated his ideas in 1843 and published the scheme in 1845. Moon is not as well known as braille, but it is a val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Full Stop
The full stop (Commonwealth English), period (North American English), or full point , is a punctuation mark. It is used for several purposes, most often to mark the end of a declarative sentence (as distinguished from a question or exclamation). This sentence-ending use, alone, defines the strictest sense of ''full stop''. Although ''full stop'' technically applies only when the mark is used to end a sentence, the distinction – drawn since at least 1897 – is not maintained by all modern style guides and dictionaries. The mark is also used, singly, to indicate omitted characters or, in a series, as an ellipsis (), to indicate omitted words. It may be placed after an initial letter used to stand for a name or after each individual letter in an initialism or acronym (e.g., "U.S.A."). However, the use of full stops after letters in an initialism or acronym is declining, and many of these without punctuation have become accepted norms (e.g., "UK" and "NATO"). This trend has pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ie (digraph)
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets. Capitalisation involves only the first letter (''ch'' becomes ''Ch'') unless otherwise stated (''ij'' becomes ''IJ''). Letters with diacritics are arranged in alphabetic order according to their base: is alphabetised with , not at the end of the alphabet, as it would be in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Substantially-modified letters, such as (a variant of ) and (based on ), are placed at the end. Apostrophe (capital ) is used in Bari for . (capital ) is used in Bari for . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for when it appears in a dark or ''yin'' tone. It is also often written as . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark (capital ) is used in Bari and Hausa (in Nigeria) for , but in Niger, Hausa is replaced with . A is used in Taa, where it represents the glottalized or creaky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Latin-script Trigraphs
A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script. A is used in Dutch and various Cantonese romanisations to write the sound . is used in Irish to write the sound , or in Donegal, , between broad consonants. is used in Irish to write the sound , or in Donegal, , between broad consonants, or an unstressed , or in Donegal, /uː/, at the end of a word. is used in Irish to write the sound between a broad and a slender consonant. is used in Irish to write the sound , or in Donegal, , between broad consonants. is used in French to write the sound ( before a vowel). is used in French to write the sound ( before a vowel). It also represents in Tibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written än. is used in Irish to write the sound between broad consonants. is used in Irish to write the sound , or in Donegal, , between broad consonants. is used in Irish to write the sound between a broad and a slender consonant. is used in French to write the sound ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ch (digraph)
Ch is a digraph in the Latin script. It is treated as a letter of its own in Chamorro, Old Spanish, Czech, Slovak, Igbo, Uzbek, Quechua, Guarani, Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Ukrainian Łatynka and Belarusian Łacinka alphabets. Formerly ch was also considered a separate letter for collation purposes in Modern Spanish, Vietnamese, and sometimes in Polish; now the digraph ch in these languages continues to be used, but it is considered as a sequence of letters and sorted as such. History The digraph was first used in Latin since the 2nd century B.C. to transliterate the sound of the Greek letter chi in words borrowed from that language. In classical times, Greeks pronounced this as an aspirated voiceless velar plosive . In post-classical Greek ( Koine and Modern) this sound developed into a fricative . Since neither sound was found in native Latin words (with some exceptions like ''pulcher'' 'beautiful', where the original sound was influenced by or ), in Late Latin the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Latin Digraphs
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets. Capitalisation involves only the first letter (''ch'' becomes ''Ch'') unless otherwise stated (''ij'' becomes ''IJ''). Letters with diacritics are arranged in alphabetic order according to their base: is alphabetised with , not at the end of the alphabet, as it would be in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Substantially-modified letters, such as (a variant of ) and (based on ), are placed at the end. Apostrophe (capital ) is used in Bari for . (capital ) is used in Bari for . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for when it appears in a dark or ''yin'' tone. It is also often written as . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark (capital ) is used in Bari and Hausa (in Nigeria) for , but in Niger, Hausa is replaced with . A is used in Taa, where it represents the glottalized o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-linear Writing
A writing system is a method of visually representing verbal communication, based on a script and a orthography, set of rules regulating its use. While both writing and spoken language, speech are useful in conveying messages, writing differs in also being a reliable form of information storage and information transfer, transfer. Writing systems require shared understanding between writers and reading, readers of the meaning behind the sets of character (symbol), characters that make up a script. Writing is usually recorded onto a Storage medium#Recording medium, durable medium, such as paper or data storage device, electronic storage, although non-durable methods may also be used, such as writing on a computer display device, display, on a blackboard, in sand, or by skywriting. Reading a text can be accomplished purely in the mind as an internal process, or reading aloud, expressed orally. Writing systems can be placed into broad categories such as alphabets, syllabary, syllaba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Braille
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic letters of the French alphabet plus ''w'' have become internationalized; the additional letters are largely restricted to French Braille and the alphabets of some neighboring European countries. Letters In numerical order by decade, the letters are: For the purposes of accommodating a foreign alphabet, the letters ''ì, ä, ò'' may be added: There are also numerous contractions and abbreviations in French braille. Punctuation Punctuation is as follows: The lower values are readings within numbers (after the Antoine number marker: see below). Formatting and mode Formatting and mode-changing marks are: As in English Braille, the capital sign is doubled for all caps. and are used to begin and end emphasis within a word. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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