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George Milpurrurru
George Milpurrurru (1934–1998) was an Australian Aboriginal artist known for his bark paintings. Biography Milpurrurru was born in 1934 and raised in central Arnhem Land, specifically Ganalbingu land, where he learned his artistry. He came from a family of artists; he was the son of Dick Ngulmarrmar, who taught him the art of bark painting, and the sister of Dorothy Djukulul, also a highly respected bark painter. He is a part of the Gurrumba Gurrumba clan, which means “a flock of geese”. The traditions, styles, and surroundings of his clan provided much inspiration when it came to his bark paintings. Milpurrurru's daughter, Gladys Getjpulu, is also an artist. He died in 1998. Style As one of the Ramingining artists, Milpurrurru was inspired by the narratives of his home, branching out from the style taught by his father. For him the space used is juxtaposed between stark forefront and background solid spaces, creating dimension with bare bark. He individualised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorothy Djukulul
Dorothy Djukulul (born 1942) is a traditional Australian Aboriginal artist who lives in Ramingining in Central Arnhem Land. She speaks Ganalbingu and is a part of the Gurrumba Gurrumba clan, who identify as being a part of the Yirrija moiety. Biography Dorothy Djukulul was born on 10 June 1942 at Murrwangi, near the Arafura Swamp in Arnhem Land. During her childhood, Djukulul and her family lived on Milingimbi Island, where she attended a Methodist school. Early in her career, Djukulul worked in a bakery in the newly established trading post in Maningrida, an Aboriginal community. After finishing school Djukulul and her family moved back to Ramingining. After marrying her first husband, she moved to Maningrida, but after his death she moved back to Ramingining. Djukulul married her second husband, Djardie Ashley, in 1978. Djukulul learned to paint from her father, Ngulmarmar. Ngulmarmar was a distinguished bark painter whose works have hung in numerous major art galleries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canberra
Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory at the northern tip of the Australian Alps, the country's highest mountain range. As of June 2021, Canberra's estimated population was 453,558. The area chosen for the capital had been inhabited by Indigenous Australians for up to 21,000 years, with the principal group being the Ngunnawal people. European settlement commenced in the first half of the 19th century, as evidenced by surviving landmarks such as St John's Anglican Church and Blundells Cottage. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the national capital, a compromise was reached: the new capital would be buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Law Bulletin
The Indigenous Law Centre (ILC), formerly the Aboriginal Law Research Unit and Aboriginal Law Centre, is part of the Law Faculty at the University of New South Wales. It develops and coordinates research, teaching and information services in the multi-disciplinary area of Indigenous peoples and the law, and publishes two major journals: the ''Australian Indigenous Law Review'' (formerly ''Australian Indigenous Law Reporter'') and the ''Indigenous Law Bulletin'' (formerly ''Aboriginal Law Bulletin''). It is the only Indigenous law research centre in Australia. History In early 1970, when the first Aboriginal Legal Service (ALS) was established, Hal Wootten, professor of law, was its first President. He operated the ALS from the UNSW Law School in its early years. When the Whitlam Government funded the ALS, staff found their time taken up with criminal representation, and had no time for law reform advocacy, so they carried on contacting the UNSW Faculty of Law members for advi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Law Journal
The ''Alternative Law Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal covering law reform. It is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Legal Service Bulletin Co-operative (Melbourne, Australia). The journal was established in 1974 as the ''Legal Service Bulletin'', obtaining its current name in 1992. the editors-in-chief are Melissa Castan (Monash University) and Bronwyn Naylor (RMIT University). The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index, EBSCO databases, ProQuest databases, and Scopus. The ''Aboriginal Law Bulletin The Indigenous Law Centre (ILC), formerly the Aboriginal Law Research Unit and Aboriginal Law Centre, is part of the Law Faculty at the University of New South Wales. It develops and coordinates research, teaching and information services in the ...'' was issued with the ''Legal Service Bulletin'' from 1981 to 1991 and with ''Alternative Law Journal'' from 1992 to 1995. References External links *Speech on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timmy Payungka Tjapangati
Timmy Payungka (1942 – 7 May 2000) was an Aboriginal Australian artist, a Pintupi man who worked at the Papunya Tula school of painting. He was born at Parayirpilynga, near Wilkinkarra (Lake Mackay) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. He met his wife at Warburton. His family was met by a welfare patrol at Yarrana, west of Kintore, Northern Territory, and brought in to Papunya early in the 1960s. He was one of the original painting men with Geoffrey Bardon. He moved to Kintore in 1981 and was active in later establishing the settlement at Kiwirrkura, closer to his country. Payungka was an important law man, knowledgeable about many stories and rituals. According to Daphne Williams of Papunya Tula, a trip west from Alice Springs to Kintore with Timmy could take two or three times as long as a trip without him, so great was his enthusiasm for stopping along the way to tell his companions the stories of the land they passed through. He taught his daughter, Lorna Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banduk Marika
Banduk Mamburra Wananamba Marika (13 October 1954 – 12 July 2021) was an artist and printmaker from Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. She was a member of the Rirratjingu clan of the Yolngu people, whose traditional land is Yalangbara, Northern Territory, Yalangbara. She was also an environmental activist and leader, and the first Aboriginal person to serve on the National Gallery of Australia's board. Early life Marika was born on 13 October 1954 at Yirrkala, north-east Arnhem Land. Her father, Mawalan Marika (1908–1967), was an artist and he taught her the techniques of bark painting. He was known for his talent and expertise in the technique known as rarrk, or cross-hatching. Her siblings include brother Wandjuk Marika, sister Dhuwarrwarr Marika, Bayngul, and Laklak. She was educated at the mission at Yirrkala until the age of 15. Marika was among a small group to be taught and supported by male relatives (including her father) to paint traditional creation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Australian Art
Indigenous Australian art includes art made by Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples, including collaborations with others. It includes works in a wide range of media including painting on leaves, bark painting, wood carving, rock carving, watercolour painting, sculpting, ceremonial clothing and sand painting; art by Indigenous Australians that pre-dates European colonisation by thousands of years, up to the present day. Traditional Indigenous art There are several types of and methods used in making Aboriginal art, including rock painting, dot painting, rock engravings, bark painting, carvings, sculptures, weaving and string art. Australian Aboriginal art is the oldest unbroken tradition of art in the world. Stone art Rock art, including painting and engraving or carving (petroglyphs), can be found at sites throughout Australia. Examples of rock art have been found that are believed to depict extinct megafauna such as '' Genyornis'' and '' Thylacoleo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Intellectual Property
Indigenous intellectual property is a term used in national and international forums to describe intellectual property that is "collectively owned" by various Indigenous peoples, and by extension, their legal rights to protect specific such property. This property includes cultural knowledge of their groups and many aspects of their cultural heritage and knowledge, including that held in oral history. In Australia, the term Indigenous cultural and intellectual property, abbreviated as ICIP, is commonly used. There have been various efforts made since the late 20th century towards providing some kind of legal protection for indigenous intellectual property in colonized countries, including a number of declarations made by various conventions of Indigenous peoples. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was created in 1970 to promote and protect intellectual property across the world by cooperating with countries as well as international organizations. The UN's Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright In Australia
The copyright law of Australia defines the legally enforceable rights of creators of creative and artistic works under Australian law. The scope of copyright in Australia is defined in the ''Copyright Act 1968'' (as amended), which applies the national law throughout Australia. Designs may be covered by the ''Copyright Act'' (as sculptures or drawings) as well as by the '' Design Act''. Since 2007, performers have moral rights in recordings of their work. Until 2004, copyright in Australia was based on the "plus 50" law which restricts works until 50 years after the author's death. In 2004 this was changed to a "plus 70" law in line with the USA and European Union, but this change was not made retroactive (unlike the 1995 change in the European Union which brought some, e.g. British authors, back into copyright). The consequence is that the work of an Australian author who died before 1955 is normally in the public domain in Australia. However the copyright of authors was extend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawsuit
- A lawsuit is a proceeding by a party or parties against another in the civil court of law. The archaic term "suit in law" is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used in reference to a civil action brought by a plaintiff (a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions) requests a legal remedy or equitable remedy from a court. The defendant is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint. If the plaintiff is successful, judgment is in the plaintiff's favor, and a variety of court orders may be issued to enforce a right, award damages, or impose a temporary or permanent injunction to prevent an act or compel an act. A declaratory judgment may be issued to prevent future legal disputes. A lawsuit may involve dispute resolution of private law issues between individuals, business entities or non-profit organizations. A lawsuit may also enable the state to be treated as if it were a private party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpets Case
''Milpurrurru v Indofurn Pty Ltd '' (the Carpets Case) was one of three Federal Court of Australia judgments in the 1990s involving the use of copyright law in Australia relating to Indigenous cultural and intellectual property (ICIP), the others being ''Yumbulul v Reserve Bank of Australia'' (1991) and ''Bulun Bulun v R & T Textiles'' (1998), or "T-shirts case". The trial was the result of three Aboriginal artists and the estates of five others taking action against Perth import company Infordurn, for using their designs as a basis for carpets which were made in Vietnam and then imported into Australia. After a trial lasting two weeks, Justice Von Doussa awarded damages of in total, for breaches of the ''Copyright Act 1968'' and ''Trade Practices Act'', awarding punitive damages for cultural harm. Background In 1993, it was found that a number of designs by Aboriginal artists had been reproduced without permission on rugs made in Vietnam and marketed by the Perth-based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Year For The World's Indigenous People
The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII or PFII) is the UN's central coordinating body for matters relating to the concerns and rights of the world's indigenous peoples. There are more than 370 million indigenous people (also known as native, original, aboriginal and first peoples) in some 70 countries worldwide. The forum was created in 2000 as an outcome of the UN's International Year for the World's Indigenous People in 1993, within the first International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1995–2004). It is an advisory body within the framework of the United Nations System that reports to the UN's Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). History Resolution 45/164 of the United Nations General Assembly was adopted on 18 December 1990, proclaiming that 1993 would be the International Year for the World's Indigenous People, "with a view to strengthening international cooperation for the solution of problems faced by indigenous communities i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
